• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.325-329
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of porphyran on enzyme activity in rats and immunity in mice. Animals were divided into 5 groups, and were given porphyran diet for 4 weeks. Porphyran was extracted from Porphyra yezoensis: Diet groups were normal diet, control diet fed high fat, cholesterol and sodium cholate, control and 1% porphyran diet (1% PD), control and 5% porphyran diet (5% PD), control and 10% of porphyran diet (10% PD). Also Balb/c female mouse were injected i.p. with porphyran extract every other day for 20 days at levels of 1%, 2% and 5%. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were lower in the porphyran diet group than those in control group. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver homogenates were reduced in porphyran diet group compared to those of control group. Also, the level of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was lower in porphyran group than that of control group. Porphyran increased IL-1 production in a dose-dependent manner, however, interleukine-2 production was reduced as the amount of porphyran increases. These results showed that supplementation of porphyran lowered antioxidant enzyme activities and has possibility of modulating immunological function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1357-1361
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• 2005

This study investigated the effect of porphyran drink extracted from Porphyra yezoensis on serum and liver cholesterol contents in hypercholesterolemic rats. We divided rats into 5 diet groups; normal diet, control diet fed high cholesterol diet, $1\%$ porphyran drink diet with control diet $(1\%\;PD),\;2\%$ porphyran drink diet with control diet $(2\%\;PD),\;3\%$ porphyran drink diet with control diet ($3\%$ PD). Food intake was not significantly different among groups, but weight gain was significantly lower in porphyran drink group $(1\%,\;3\%)$ than control group. Liter weight was significantly lower in $3\%$ porphyran drink group than control group. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol contents were significantly lower in porphyran drink group than control group. Serum HDL-cholesterol contents was elevated as porphyran drink intake level increased. Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased in porphyran drink group compared to control diet. These results suggested that addition of porphyran drink in hypercholesterolemic rats has an effect on the improvement of serum and liver cholesterol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.826-833
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• 2008

The effects of porphyran-chungkookjang on cytotoxicity of human normal cell line (BJ) and human cancer cell lines (AGS and HT-29) were examined. Porphyran, which was prepared from laver (Porphyra yezoensis), decreased the viability of the cancer cells, however, it did not affect the viability of normal cells. Porphyranchungkookjang was prepared by the addition of 5% (w/w) porphyran into chungkookjang which was fermented by starter, Bacillus subtilis DJI. The cytotoxicity effects of the chungkookjang and porphyran-chungkookjang were evaluated with MTT assay. The methanol and the water extract of porphyran-chungkookjang at 1.0 mg/mL showed $23{\sim}38%$ decreases in proliferation of cancer cells (AGS and HT-29). However, the methanol and the water extracts of porphyran-chungkookjang did not inhibit the growth of normal cell. Moreover, the methanol extract of porphryan-chungkookjang at 1.0 mg/mL showed $1.2{\sim}1.5$ fold higher anticancer effects than that of the chungkookjang.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.633-640
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• 2001

This study investigated the effects of lipid metabolism on male Sprague Dawley rats given porphyran diet extracted from Porphyra yezoensis for 4 weeks. We divided into 5 diet groups which were normal diet, control diet fed high fat, cholesterol and sodium cholate, control and 1% porphyran diet (1% PD), control and 5% porphyran diet (5% PD), control and 10% of porphyran diet (10% PD). Feed intake and weight gain were not significantly different between control and porphyran diet. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents were significantly (p<0.05) lower in porphyran diet groups than control group. However, serum HDL-cholesterol contents increased by the addition of porphyran in experimental diet. Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were proportionally decreased by the addition of porphyran in control diet compared to control diet. A number of lipid particles were shown in liver tissue of control group and the same appearance was shown in the group fed with 1% porphyran diet, whereas lipid particles was reduced in the group fed with 5% and 10% porphyran diet compared to control group. Especially, liver tissue of 10% porphyran diet group was shown similar appearance to normal diet group. These results indicated that supplementation of porphyran in hyperlipidemic rats has an effect on the improvement of serum lipids.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1017-1021
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• 2003

The chemical properties of porphyran from dried laver (Porphyra yezoensis) and decolored laver were measured. Dried laver contained 12.5% porphyran while decolored laver contained 12.3%. The chemical components of porphyran extracted from dried and decolored laver were examined. The content of total sugar was 64.5% and 63.7% on dry base, respectively, while that of sulfate was 17.6% and 16.9%, respectively. The content of 3,6-anhydrogalactose was 18.8% and 18.1%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.504-517
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to process extraction and separation for polyglucose porpyran from pophyra yezoensis as high yield. The acidic porphyran solution was extracted with 0.1~1N of ${\alpha},{\beta}$-dichloromaleic acid or ${\alpha}$-chloromaleic acid of 2% solution as organic acid instead of inorganic acid at $60^{\circ}C$ and then porphyran was collection of high yield to acidic solution and it was neutralization treated with 0.1N of $d-Ca(OH)_2$ solution and the mixture was conversion to porphyran salt form and treated with a shell powder of ouster and then added of ethanol as precipitator. It recovery porphyran contained of violet purple laver coloring matter was obtained as a crystalline and used for the next step without future purification to prepare of porphyran laver jam. so, The resulting porphyran and porphyran jam was characterized by it component and physical properties.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.873-878
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• 2007

In this study, we isolated porphyran was isolated from the red seaweed Porphyra yezoensis and assessed in terms of in vitro anti-proliferative activity. Sequential anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography led to purification of 3 porphyrans of different molecular masses, which contained <$50\;{\mu}g/mL$ protein and >$10\;{\mu}g/mL$ porphyran. Crude porphyran inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner (0-5 mg/mL). When HT-29 colon cancer cells and AGS gastric cancer cells were cultured with various concentrations of the purified porphyran, cancer cell growth was inhibited by 50% at a low concentration (5 or $10\;{\mu}g/mL$). Furthermore, the polysaccharide portion of the porphyran preparation, rather than the protein portion, is the most effective at inhibiting cancer cell proliferation via apoptosis, as indicated by increased caspase-3 activity. Our results indicate that purified porphyran has significant in vitro anti-proliferative activity (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 2003

Effect of the ingestion of porphyran extracted from Porphyra yezoensis on calcium, magnesium and potassium contents in serum and tissue was investigated using hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic rats. The contents of calcium magnesium and potassium in serum of rats fed porphyran for four weeks were higher than those of the control group. The contents of calcium and potassium were decreased with increasing a porphyran level while magnesium content was increased. Liver calcium contents in an $1\%$ porphyran group were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the control group, and magnesium contents in a $10\%$ porphyran group were higher than those in the control group. Kidney calcium and magnesium contents in rats fed porphyran were significantly (p<0.05) high compared with the control group. However, potassium content in kidney was Increased as a porphyran level was increased in diet. Spleen calcium and potassium contents were significantly lower in the porphyran groups than those in the control group. Rats fed the $5\%$ porphyran diet had higher magnesium content in spleen than any other diets. The results showed that diets supplemented with several porphyran levels had variable effects on the contents of calcium, magnesium and potassium in serum and tissue of hyperlipidemic rats.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.271-275
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• 1999

The chemical and gelling properties of porphyran from Porphra yezoensis collected from Buan and Wido in Korea at different months of the year were studied. Crude porphyran was prepared by hot-water extraction and further purified by cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation, Crude porphyran and porphyran were modified by alkali treatment to eliminate sulfate. The yields of alkali-modified crude porphyran (AMCP) and porphyran(AMP) were between $4.9\~10.9\%$ and $4.0\~6.7\%$ of the dried algae weight and were maximum in February for Buan and January for Wido, respectively. Gel strength of AMCP were highest in February ($790g/cm^2$) for Buan and January ($740 g/cm^2$) for Wido. Alkali modification increased 3,6-anhydro galactose content and the molar ratio of galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose of AMCP and AMP showed 1 : 0,8$\~$1.1. GLC and FT-IR measurement of AMP showed that most of sulfate residues were combined to C-6 of galactose, Thus, results of this study suggest that crude porphyran extracted from Porphra yezoensis produces an agar of a reasonably good quality after alkali treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.446-450
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• 2005

Chemical compositions such as total sugar, sulfate/total sugar, protein and 3,6-anhydrogalactose content of porphyran extracted from commercial laver, discolored laver and laver waste were measured. The total sugar contents of commercial laver, discolored laver and laver waste showed 54.5%, 45.7% and 56.2%, respectively. The total sugar of the commercial laver and laver waste were showed almost similar portion although that of discolored laver showed relatively lower level. The sulfate/total sugar contents showed 17.6%, 13.9% and 17.3%, and 3,6-anhydrogalactose contents showed 13.8%, 9.1% and 13.9% in commercial laver, discoloredlaver and laver waste respectively.