• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1807-1811
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• 2013

Background: Colorectal cancer is a main leading cause of cancer death in western countries. Although many studies have been conducted on incidence trends all over the world in recent years, information regarding changes in incidence of colorectal cancer in Iran is insufficient. The present study of colorectal cancer in the west of Iran during recent years was therefore performed. Materials and Methods: The registered data for colorectal cancer cases in National Cancer Registry System were extracted from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Center for Disease Control and Management. The codes from 18-21 among cancers were selected for colon and rectum cancers. Incidence rates were standardized directly using WHO population. The significance of incidence rate trends during 2000-2005 was tested through Poisson regression. Results: 762 cases of colorectal cancer were observed during 6 years in this region, with a gender ratio of men to women of 1.2. It increased from 65 cases in 2000 to 213 cases in 2005 or from 1.5 per100,000 per persons per year to 4.8. Significant increasing trends were evident in Kermanshah and Hamadan provinces; however, change did not reach significance in Ilam and Kurdistan provinces. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer has an increasing trend in the west of Iran. Although it seems that the increasing rate of colorectal cancer is due to increasing of cancer risk factors, some proportion may be related to the improvement of surveillance systems in Iran.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.330-340
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• 2010

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate and explain the socioeconomic inequalities of all-cause mortality after breast cancer surgery in South Korea. Methods: This population based study included all 8868 females who underwent radical mastectomy for breast cancer between January 2002 and June 2003. Follow-up for mortality continued from January 2002 to June 2006. The patients were divided into 4 socioeconomic classes according to their socioeconomic status as defined by the National Health Insurance contribution rate. The relationship between socioeconomic status and all-cause mortality after breast cancer surgery was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model with adjusting for age, the Charlson’s index score, emergency hospitalization, the type of hospital and the hospital ownership. Results: Those in the lowest socioeconomic status group had a significantly higher hazard ratio of 2.09 (95% CI =1.50 - 2.91) compared with those in the highest socioeconomic group after controlling for all the identifiable confounding variables. For allcause mortality after radical mastectomy, all the other income groups showed significantly higher 3-year mortality rates than did the highest income group. Conclusions: The socioeconomic status of breast cancer patients should be considered as an independent prognostic factor that affects all-cause mortality after radical mastectomy, and this is possibly due to a delayed diagnosis, limited access or minimal treatment leading to higher mortality. This study may provide tangible support to intensify surveillance and treatment for breast cancer among low socioeconomic class women.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4057-4059
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• 2013

Background: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing may be useful to screen for bladder carcinoma or dysplasia by detecting aneuploidy chromosomes 3, 7, 17 and deletion of the chromosome 9p21 locus in urine specimens. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of FISH in a multi-ethnic population in Asia. Materials and Methods: Patients with haematuria and/or past history of urothelial cancer on follow-up had their voided urine tested with FISH. Patients then underwent cystoscopy/ureteroscopy and any lesions seen were biopsied. The histopathological reports of the bladder or ureteroscopic mucosal biopsies were then compared with the FISH test results. Results: Two hundred sixty patients were recruited. The sensitivity and specificity of the FISH test was 89.2% and 83.4% respectively. The positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were 47.1% and 97.9%. By excluding patients who had positive deletion of chromosome 9, the overall results of the screening test improved: sensitivity 84.6%; specificity 96.4%; PPV 75.9% and NPV 97.9%. Conclusions: UroVysion FISH has a high specificity of detecting urothelial cancer or dysplasia when deletion of chromosome 9 is excluded. Negative UroVysion FISH-tests may allow us to conserve health resources and minimize trauma by deferring cystoscopic or ureteroscopic examination.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2019

Newcastle disease (ND) is an infectious poultry disease that caused high mortality and reduced egg production. NDVs are regularly present in the domestic duck population. And ducks play a possible role in the maintenance and transmission of NDVs. While we were monitoring the Avian Influenza, NDVs were isolated from field samples by accident. So we analysed the biological and genetic characteristics of these viruses. Lentogenic NDVs were isolated from two farms among twenty breeder duck farms. The ages of ducks were 39 weeks old in the 'A' farm and 3~72 weeks old in the 'B' farm. And they were not inoculated with the NDVs vaccine. In the biological characteristics, the both viruses which separated from the farm 'A' and 'B' were thermostable. The amino acid sequence of a site from 112 to 119 in the fusion (F) protein was 'GKQGRLIG' which has monobasic motif in the samples of both farms. And this means the separated NDVs are lentogenic. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by entire nucleotide sequence of F protein. The virus strains from the A farm (MN095239) and the B farm (MN095240) belonged to class II genotype I. Using the analysis of whole F protein nucleic acid sequence, the MN095239 (GenBank) had homology with Ulster strain about 99.95% and the MN095239 (GenBank) had homology with KR/CK/KU_LBM255/09 strain about 99.89%. NDV surveillance is needed to investigate epidemiological relationship of domestic breeder duck isolates in Korea.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제68권1호
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• pp.193-224
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• 2016

본 연구는 사회보장정보시스템을 통한 데이터감시를 사례로, 사회복지영역의 정보화를 둘러싼 윤리적 쟁점들을 짚어보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 2015년 정부는 차세대 사회보장정보시스템을 개발하면서 정보시스템을 통한 부정수급 적발과 사각지대 발굴기능을 강화할 계획이라고 밝혔다. 그러나 부정수급과 사각지대를 조사하기 위해서는 취약계층에 대한 데이터감시가 불가피하다. 이에 본 논문은 데이터 감시를 둘러싼 논쟁들을 살펴보고, 이어서 사회보장정보시스템을 활용한 데이터감시가 어떤 윤리적 문제점을 안고 있는지 프라이버시, 정확성, 소유권, 접근성의 이슈를 중심으로 구체적으로 분석했다. 나아가 데이터감시를 넘어 정보화 시대에 사회복지가 고민해야할 본질적인 윤리적 딜레마들을 살펴본 후, 시론적 수준에서나마 윤리적 난제들을 개선하기 위한 방안을 제안해보고자 했다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.96-112
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine how often toddlers and preschoolers in kindergartens have accidents and what factors affect the accident rate. The study population consisted of 150 children who were attending at nursery schools and 150 children who were attending at kindergartens. The data was collected from ten nursery schools and five kindergartens from five districts in Daegu. The questionnaires were distributed to teachers of participating nursery schools and kindergartens to be completed using nursing care records in the institutions and by interviewing children's parents about all of the accidents happened in a previous year. Data were collected during the period of August 1 through 31, 2002. The results of the study are as follow: 1. Among 300 children, 282 had 506 accidental injuries during the study period. 2. The month, the day and the time with the highest accident rate were April. Monday, and between 2 and 4 o'clock in the afternoon, respectively. 3. Locations where the injury took place most included nursery schools or kindergartens, around the homes of the children, and inside the home. 4. Most accidents were occurred due to lack of carefulness of the children, and the most prevalent forms of injury was abrasions. 5. Most frequently injured part of the body was legs of the children. 6. Most injuries were healed within three days and required first aid measures to disinfect the wound. Mostly, these were performed by family members at home. Some children go to the hospital to suture the open wound. Most frequent type of complication was scar formation and the cost of the treatment ranged from 9,000 to 30,000 won. 7. Children's age. sex, birth order. personality. type of family composition. type of residency. father's occupation, father's age, and mother's age were significantly related to the frequency of injury among children. Children who were in nursery schools and kindergartens need their assessment for accident involving condition according to seasons, time. place. This study provided a very useful and important data to prepare accident prevention education program and accident prevention strategies, and to develop Injury Surveillance System.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5493-5498
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• 2015

Due to the lack of nationwide population-based cancer registration, the total cancer prevalence in Iran is unknown. Our previous work in which we used a basic network scale-up (NSU) method, failed to provide plausible estimates of total cancer prevalence in Kerman. The aim of the present study was to estimate total and partial prevalence of cancer in southeastern Iran using an adapted version of the generalized network scale-up method. A survey was conducted in 2014 using multi-stage cluster sampling. A total of 1995 face-to-face gender-matched interviews were performed based on an adapted version of the NSU questionnaire. Interviewees were asked about their family cancer history. Total and partial prevalence were estimated using a generalized NSU estimator. The Monte Carlo method was adopted for the estimation of upper/lower bounds of the uncertainty range of point estimates. One-yr, 2-3 yr, and 4-5 yr prevalence (per 100,000 people) was respectively estimated at 78 (95%CI, 66, 90), 128 (95%CI, 118, 147), and 59 (95%CI, 49, 70) for women, and 48 (95%CI, 38, 58), 78 (95%CI, 66, 91), and 42 (95%CI, 32, 52) for men. The 5-yr prevalence of all cancers was estimated at 0.18 percent for men, and 0.27 percent for women. This study showed that the generalized familial network scale-up method is capable of estimating cancer prevalence, with acceptable precision.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2016

본 연구는 부산광역시를 대상으로 범죄발생에 영향을 미치는 요인 특히, 공간구문론에 의한 영향을 분석한 실증적 연구이다. 정확한 분석을 위해 본 연구에서는 가산자료 분석의 대표적 방법인 포아송 회귀분석과 음이항 회귀분석을 활용하여 분석을 수행하였다. 5대 범죄발생에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 총 13개 변수 중 8개 변수가 유의하게 나타났다. 인구학적 특성변수에서는 여성인구비율, 65세 노인인구 비율이, 토지이용 특성변수에서는 행정구역면적과 상업지면적비가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 범죄대응 특성변수인 CCTV는 그 수가 증가할수록 범죄발생은 감소한다고 나타났다. 공간구문 특성변수에서는 연결도, 국부통합도, 전체통합도가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 그 중에서 연결도는 그 수치가 낮을수록 연결된 다른 공간이 적기 때문에 갑작스런 방해자의 출현 가능성이 낮고, 통행인에 의한 감시도가 낮아져 범죄발생 요인이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석들을 통해 본 연구는 차후 범죄예방적 측면의 도시계획 입안 및 실천에 기여할 수 있는 기초적 자료를 제공하고자 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1761-1766
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• 2012

Background: The appropriate interval between negative colonoscopy screenings is uncertain, but the numbers of advanced neoplasms 10 years after a negative result are generally low. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of colorectal neoplasm screening and management based on repeat screening colonoscopy every 10 years or single colonoscopy, compared with no screening in the general population. Methods and materials: A state-transition Markov model simulated 100,000 individuals aged 50-80 years accepting repeat screening colonoscopy every 10 years or single colonoscopy, offered to every subject. Colorectal adenomas found during colonoscopy were removed by polypectomy, and the subjects were followed with surveillance every three years. For subjects with a normal result, colonoscopy was resumed within ten years in the repeat screening strategy. In single screening strategy, screening process was terminated. Direct costs such as screening tests, cancer treatment and costs of complications were included. Indirect costs were excluded from the model. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the different screening strategies. Results: Assuming a first-time compliance rate of 90%, repeat screening colonoscopy and single colonoscopy can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer by 65.8% and 67.2% respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for single colonoscopy (49 Renminbi Yuan [RMB]) was much lower than that for repeat screening colonoscopy (474 RMB). Single colonoscopy was a more cost-effective strategy, which was not sensitive to the compliance rate of colonoscopy and the cost of advanced colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Single colonoscopy is suggested to be the more cost-effective strategy for screening and management of colorectal neoplasms and may be recommended in China clinical practice.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2009

Purpose: Injuries are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the childhood population worldwide. Thus, this study was down to investigate the type and the severity of injuries according to the age group in childhood. Methods: A survey of injury information and a chart review were done on 378 children (257 boys, 121 girls) who visited the Emergency Departments of Asan Medical Center from March 1, 2009, to March 31, 2009. To determine differences in injury mechanism, accident place, injury site, New Injury Severity Score (NISS) and Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS), we divided the 378 patients into 4 group: under 1 year, 1 to 4 years, 5 to 9 years, and 10 to 15 years. Results: The mean (${\pm}SD$) age of the study group was 5.1 (${\pm}4.4$) years. Two year olds formed the largest group of injured children, with 77 cases (20.4% of the total). The most common cause of injury in childhood was being hit by an object (26.2%). Falls were frequent in the under-1-year group (22.2%) and slip downs (30.1%) were more frequent in 1-to-4-year group. More than half (53.4%) of the injuries occurred in the home, and the most common places of home-related injuries were the living room (41.1%) and the bedroom (31.2%). The mean (${\pm}SD$) NISS was 1.5 (${\pm}1.8$), and traffic accidents had the highest NISS ($2.8{\pm}5.1$). Injuries occurred most frequently during the evening. The peak period was 4:00 PM to 8:00 PM (33.7%). Conclusion: Patterns of childhood injury by age group were considerably different, and less severe and nonhospitalized injuries were common. Thus, need to improve surveillance of a variety of injuries, promote intersectional collaboration, build institutional capacities and mobilize community support and policy as an investment in prevention.