• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.722-728
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• 2008

This study was to investigate the quality characteristics of Seockryu-pyun by addition of different ratio of pomegranate juice and pomegranate concentrate (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%). Moisture and the pH increased as the content of pomegranate juice and pomegranate concentrate decreased respectivley. However, DPPH radical scavenging activity was decreased when adding pomegranate juice and pomegranate concentrate was decreased. With decreasing pomegranate juice addition, both the lightness(L) and yellowness(b) was significantly (p<0.05) higher, whereas, the redness(a) was significantly (p<0.05) lower. As addition of pomegranate concentrate was decreasing that lightness, a value and b value were higher. Texture profiles of hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness of Seockryu-pyun was not greatly showed significant difference among samples. Also, springiness was not significantly (p<0.05) different in any groups. For sensory evaluation, color and sourness were decreased as pomegranate juice and pomegranate concentrate was diluted. Seockryu-pyun, PJ3 made with addition of 60% pomegranate juice was the most preferred in overall acceptability. From the results, the most advisable mixture ratio of Seockryu-pyun was found as pomegranate juice 360 g (60%), water 240 g, mungbean starch 60 g and sugar 200 g.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2010

The test results of Teriyaki sauce produced adding pomegranate concentrate are as follows: pH of Teriyaki sauce adding pomegranate concentrate showed significant difference among all samples (p<0.05). In case of sugar content, the higher the amount of pomegranate concentrate rose, the higher in sugar content it was. The test result of the amount of water showed significant difference among all samples (p<0.05). As the amount of added pomegranate concentrate was increased, the amount of water in the sauce was decreased. For viscosity, as the amount of added pomegranate concentrate was increased, viscosity of Teriyaki sauce was increased. The test result of chromaticity showed that as the amount of added pomegranate concentrate was increased, brightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) were increased. According to the result of sensory evaluation, overall-acceptability was 7.5 highest at 6% compared to the control group. In view of the above results, it is advised to produce Teriyaki sauce with 6% pomegranate concentrate for its practical use.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.417-421
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• 2012

최근 막걸리 소비량이 증가함에 따라 막걸리의 기능성 및 기호도가 증진되고 있어 막걸리에 석류의 기능성을 부여하고 색택을 향상시키고자 석류즙 농축액을 이용하여 석류 막걸리를 제조하였다. 막걸리 제조를 위해 첨가 시기 및 농축액 첨가량(3, 5, 7%)을 달리하여 석류 막걸리를 제조하였으며, 제조된 석류즙 막걸리의 이화학적 특성 및 관능평가를 실시하였다. 그 결과 석류즙 농축액 첨가량이 많을수록 적정산도, 당도, 알코올 함량은 높았다. 반대로 pH 아미노산 함량은 첨가량이 많을수록 낮았으며, 석류 막걸리의 관능검사 결과 3% 석류즙 농축액을 첨가한 처리구가 단맛, 신맛, 쓴맛, 향, 색감, 전체적 기호도에서 가장 높은 점수를 얻었으며 석류즙 막걸리를 위한 밑술 제조 시 3% 석류즙 농축액을 첨가하여 제조한 막걸리의 품질이 가장 우수하였다. 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 석류즙 농축액 3%를 밑술 제조 시 첨가하여 제조하는 것이 석류 막걸리의 제조와 제조된 석류 막걸리 제품화에 있어서 가장 우수할 것으로 판단된다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2003

In this study, as preliminary research for the development of natural estrogen supplement the chemical properties of Iranian black pomegranate juice concentrate and seeds were evaluated. Proximate compositions of pomegranate juice concentrate and seeds were as follows; crude lipid 0.4% and 8.2%, moisture 39.9% and 6.6%, crude protein 0.9% and 12.2%, ash 1.4% and 1.7%, and carbohydrate 42.0% and 84.5% respectively. Major amino acids are glutamic acid (1310.0ppm) and aspartic acid (896.2ppm) in juice concentrate, and glycine (611.1ppm) and arginin (401.6ppm) in seeds. Ascorbic acid has the highest concentration of 20.0mg/l00g in juice concentrate and 0.23mg/l00 in seeds. The compositions of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid were higher than those of saturated fatty acids such as stearic palmitic acid. Major minerals were potassium, calcium and sodium, potassium was highest in both juice concentrate and seeds. Vitamins were composed of ascorbic acid (20.0mg/l00g), vitamin B$_1$(0.12mg/100g) and niacin (0.80mg/l00g) in juice concentrate, and only ascorbic acid(0.23mg/l00g) in seeds. Organic acids such as citric and L-malic acid were detected only in pomegranate juice concentrate. The contents of total polyphenols were 4.55g/L in juice concentrate and 3.5mg/l00g in seeds, respectively. Phytoestrogens detected in pomegranate juice concentrate and seeds were daidzein, quercetin, genistein and 17 $\beta$-estradiol.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.445-449
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 살균조건 및 저장온도에 따른 석류농축액의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 대장균은 모든 구간에서 검출되지 않았으나 일반미생물은 살균처리 하지 않은 구에서 조금 검출되었으며 $10^{\circ}C$보다 $37^{\circ}C$에서 저장할 때 더 많이 증식하였다. 저장 중 pH는 조금씩 증가하는 경향이며 총산은 조금 감소하는 경향으로 구간들 간에 큰 차이는 없었다. 당도는 저장 중 조금 감소하는 경향으로 나타났다. $37^{\circ}C$에서 저장할 때 L, a b값 모두 점점 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나 $10^{\circ}C$에서 (B)구간의 경우 색도에 큰 변화가 없어 석류 농축액을 $65^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 살균한 후 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면 미생물의 오염을 방지하고 색의 변화를 최소화 할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2023

본 연구는 유산균과 병원성균의 성장에 미치는 영향과 요구르트 제조에 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 유산균인 W. cibaria KCCM 41287, W. paramesenteroides KCCM 40114, L. plantarum KCCM 11322, Lactobacillus lactis KCCM 43471, L. acidophilus KCCM 32820, L. cremoris KCCM 40699, L. bulgaricus KCCM 34717, S. thermophilus KCCM 40430은 석류 농축액에 의해서 성장이 촉진되었다. 석류 농축액의 농도가 증가함에 따라 현저한 성장 효과를 나타내었다. 반면 병원성균인 E. coli KCCM 11587, E. coli KCCM 11591, E. coli KCCM 11596, 그리고 E. coli KCCM 11600는 석류 농축액에 의해서 성장이 억제되었다. 석류 농축액의 농도가 증가함에 따라 성장은 현저하게 감소되었다. 병원성균에 대한 석류 농축물의 억제는 유산균에 대한 석류 농축물의 촉진 효과와는 반대의 결과를 보여주었다. 따라서 석류 농축액은 유산균에 있어서 프리바이오틱스로서 이용 가능성을 확인하였다. 한편, 석류 농축액을 첨가한 요구르트는 무첨가구에 비해 최적의 조건을 보였다. 특히 석류 농축액을 첨가한 요구르트에서 유산균의 생균 수가 유의하게 높았다. 또한 저장 중 요구르트에서는 무첨가구보다 석류 농축액을 첨가하여 제조한 요구르트에서 유산균의 생존율이 더 높았다. 따라서 석류 농축액은 프리바이오틱스로서의 가능성과 유제품의 적용 가능성이 확인되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to solve skin moisturizing action mechanism issues of pomegranate concentrated solution (PCS) and dried pomegranate concentrate powder (PCP), at least partially. Materials and methods: In this study, ceramide and $TGF-{\beta}1$ contents with $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA expressions were analysis on the skin tissue homogenate samples after 56 days of continuous oral administration of PCS 1, 2, and 4 ml/kg, and PCP 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Results: Noticeable and dose-dependent increases of skin $TGF-{\beta}1$ contents and mRNA expressions were demonstrated in all PCP and PCS treated mice as compared with intact vehicle control, but no significant changes on the skin ceramide contents were demonstrated in all PCP and PCS treated mice as compared with intact vehicle control, in the current study. In addition, PCP 200 mg/kg showed similar increases of the skin $TGF-{\beta}1$ contents and mRNA expressions as compared to those of PCS 4 ml/kg. Conclusions: The presented results suggested that in vivo skin moisturizing effects of PCP and PCS after oral administration through up regulation of hyaluronan synthesis demonstrated in our previous results, may be possibly mediated by modulation of $TGF-{\beta}1$ expressions at least partially, without critical influences on the skin ceramide contents.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to confirm the dose-dependent skin moisturizing effects of dried pomegranate concentrate powder (PCP) and pomegranate concentrate solution (PCS) in ICR mice. Materials and methods: To observe the in vivo skin moisturizing effects and possible underlying mechanisms of PCP and PCS, oral PCP (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and PCS (1, 2, and 4 mL/kg) were administered to normal ICR mice. Changes in body weight, skin water content, and skin type I collagen and hyaluronan contents were measured. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of hyaluronan synthase (Has) 1, 2, and 3, and collagen type I alpha (COL1A) 1 and 2 were determined in the dorsal skin of mice by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Significant and dose-dependent increases in dorsal skin water content and type I collagen and hyaluronan contents were seen in PCP and PCS-treated mice. Moreover, the mRNA levels of Has 1, 2, and 3, involved in hyaluronan synthesis, and of COL1A1 and COL1A2, involved in collagen synthesis, were significantly and dose-dependently upregulated in PCS- and PCP-treated mice. Conclusions: In this study, PCP and PCS led to favorable skin moisturizing effects as indicated by increased skin water content and the upregulation of hyaluronan and collagen synthesis enzymes in mice treated with PCS (4 mL/kg) and PCP (200 mg/kg).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.506-515
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• 2015

본 연구는 난소 적출 동물 모델을 이용하여 고흥산 석류 농축액 시험군과 함께 이란산 석류 농축액을 주성분으로 하는 시판 제품의 혈청 생화학적 지표, 골밀도 등 몇 가지 지표를 분석하여 갱년기 증상 개선 효과를 비교하였다. 고흥산 석류 농축액과 시판 제품은 난소 절제 동물 모델의 골밀도(bone mineral density, BMD) 및 percent bone volume(bone volume/tissue volume), bone surface density(bone surface/tissue volume)를 증가시켰으며, 특히 고용량의 고흥산 석류 농축액(PE3)은 통계적으로 유의하게 골밀도 및 골볼륨을 증가시켰다. 시판 제품을 투여한 군도 골밀도를 증가시키는 양상을 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 없어 고흥산 석류 농축액이 이란산 석류 제품보다 골밀도 등 뼈 건강에 관련한 갱년기 증상 개선에 더 효과적이라고 사료된다. 고흥산 석류 농축액은 난소 절제에 의한 체중 증가 및 복부/내장지방 축적을 개선하였으며, 농도 의존적으로 HDL-C(high density lipoprotein cholesterol)는 증가시키고 low density lipoprotein cholesterol은 감소시켰다. 또한 고농도 석류 농축액(PE3)의 HDL-C/total cholesterol이 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하여 고흥산 석류 농축액이 갱년기 여성의 비만 및 혈중지질을 개선할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 불안장애 실험에서는 고흥산 석류 농축액 투여로 인해 불안장애가 개선되는 경향을 보였으나 통계적 유의성이 없었고, 이란산 시판 제품 투여 시에는 대조군에 비해 유의하게 개선시키는 것으로 나타났다. 우울증 또한 시판 제품 투여군에서는 대조군에 비해 유의하게 개선 효과를 나타내었으나 고흥산 석류 농축액 투여군에서는 우울증 개선 효과가 확인되지 않았다. 이상과 같은 결과를 통해 고흥산 석류 농축액은 난소를 적출한 rat의 골 소실을 현저히 개선하고 복부/내장지방 및 혈중지질을 농도 의존적으로 개선하여 골다공증, 비만 및 심혈관 질환과 같은 갱년기 증상에 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 고흥산 석류 농축액 투여군에서 대표적인 갱년기 증상인 우울증과 불안장애 개선에 유의성 있는 효과가 나타나지 않는 것은 동물실험 모델에서 사람에게 나타나는 다양한 갱년기 증상을 모두 평가하기에 한계가 있는 바, 향후 추가적인 연구를 통해 고흥산 석류 농축액이 갱년기 여성에게 나타나는 여러 가지 증상 중 특정 증상에 대해 선택적으로 효과를 나타내는지에 대해 임상시험을 통해 검증할 필요가 있겠다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.86-113
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• 2018

Objectives: We examined the effects of a mixed formula consisting of dried pomegranate concentrate powder (PCP) and the aqueous extracts of Eucommiae cortex (EC) and Achyranthis radix (AR) in rats with surgically induced osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Two weeks after OA-inducing surgery, a PCP:EC:AR 5:4:1 (g/g) combination or single formula was orally administered. Changes in body weight, knee thickness, maximum knee extension angle, bone mineral density of the knee joints, femoral and tibial articular surfaces, and compressive strength of the femoral and tibial articular cartilage (AC) were assessed, along with the prostaglandin E2 level, 5-lipoxygenase, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity, and chondrogenic gene mRNA expression in the femoral and tibial AC with the synovial membrane (SM). In addition, the number of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, cyclooxygenase and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$-immunoreactive cells in the femoral and tibial AC with SM were monitored, and the rate of cell proliferation was determined with a 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine uptake assay. Results : The signs of surgically induced OA in rats were significantly inhibited by both PCP, EC and AR combined and single formulas. In particular, the combination formula-treated OA model rats showed dose-dependent, significantly increased inhibitory activity against all tested criteria compared with single formula-treated rats. Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that the combination formula synergistically increased the anti-OA effects of its components through anti-inflammatory and chondrogenic activity in rats with surgically induced OA. In addition, 200, 100 and 50 mg/kg combination formula treatments showed dose-dependent inhibitory activity against all of the tested criteria.