• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 1998

Concentrations of free amino acids in the BF of IVP bovine BL and HBL were examined in this study. The embryos derived from IVF oocytes were cultured in a SOFM containing BSA, EAA and NEAA. BF was aspirated from BL (180 h of age after insemination) and HBL (216 h of age after insemination), and introduced into drops of SOFM (30$\mu$l/drop) containing PVA through micromanipulation. The medium containing BF was then subjected to measurement of 20 amino acids by an automatic amino acid analyzer. The concentrations of isoleucine, leucine and methionine were higher (p〈0.05) in the BF from HBL than from BL, and no difference was found in aspartate or glutamate concentrations between BL and HBL, while threonine, alanine (p〈0.01) and the rest of the amino acids (p〈0.001) were significantly higher in the BF from HBL than from BL. Cystine was not found in either BL or HBL. A high concentration of glutamine was found in the BF from both BL and HBL, although it was not added to the culture medium. These results indicate that bovine BF contains several EAA (methionine in BL and isoleucine, leucine and methionine in HBL) and NEAA (alanine, glutamate, glycine, proline, serine and aspartate in BL, and glutamate and aspartate in HBL), and there is significant differences in the amino acid concentration in the BF between BL and HBL derived by WP.

• Clean Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2006

When ammonia ($NH_3$) and hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) in binary mixture gases were supplied to a biofilter packed with biomedia made of polyurethane, PVA, and worm cast. No odor gases were detected on the outlet of the biofilter when $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ were separately supplied to the biofilter at space velocity(SV) of $50h^{-1}$ until inlet $NH_3$ concentration was increased up to 300 ppmv and inlet $H_2S$ to 428 ppmv. While, inlet $NH_3$ concentration maintained at 50 ppmv, inlet $H_2S$ concentration increased from 1 to 489 ppmv, and the removal efficiency of each gas was investigated. After that, $NH_3$ concentration increased step by step such as 80, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppmv. $H_2S$ concentration increased gradually when $NH_3$ concentration was set up at each condition. Under each condition, removal efficiency of $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ gas was investigated by analysing the gases sampled from the inlet and outlet of the biofilter. When binary gases were supplied to the biofilter and inlet $NH_3$ concentration was increased from 50 to 300 ppmv, elimination capacity of $NH_3$ increase linearly as inlet loading increased to $11.14g\;N{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$. However, as inlet $NH_3$ concentration increased over 300 ppmv, both removal efficiency and elimination capacity decreased while inlet loading increased. $H_2S$ removal efficiency was not affected seriously by the simultaneous supply of $NH_3$ when maximum inlet loading of $H_2S$ was under $40.27S{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ and maximum inlet loading of $NH_3$ was under $15.25N{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2006

It is well known that unidentified factors in sera, hormones and growth factors promote the proliferation of granulosa cells and nuclear maturation of bovine COCs (cumulus oocytes complexes) in vitro. Attempts had been developed the simple composition of culture media and similar system to in vivo conditions has been applied. In the present study, we investigated the effect of FGF (fibroblast growth factor) on in vitro maturation and in vitro development of Hanwoo COCs. When the COCs were matured in HPM 199 (Inst. of Functional peptide, Japan) containing 0.1, 1 and 10 ng/ml FGF for 24 hr, maturation rates to metaphase II ($70.0{\sim}75.0%$) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of control group (0 ng/ml FGF, 37.5%). When matured COCs with FGF were cultured in maturation medium after in vitro fertilization, developmental rates to blastocysts were 9.5, 0 and 2.9%, respectively, compared to 25.0% of the control group (p<0.05). When the matured COCs with FGF were cultured in HPM 199 (IFP971, Inst. of Functional peptide, Japan) containing 10% FBS, 0.8% BSA or 0.1% PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), the blastocyst formation rates were 12.4, 12.8 and 8.5%, respectively, while the rates of matured COCs with FGF and cultured with IVMD and IVD (Inst. of Functional peptide, Japan) without serum were 38.4% and 34.8%, respectively (p<0.05). These results suggested that FGF is available for in vitro maturation of bovine COCs and is not suitable for in vitro development, but further investigation would be need for finding the synergistic autocrine/paracrine fashion of other growth factors in early bovine embryo development.