• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.52-55
• /
• 1997

Polysaccharides were extracted from mycelia of Phellinus linteus grown under different culture conditions. The in vitro immunostimulating activity was measured by plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. The activity of the polysaccharides was different from that of mycelia from which was extracted. The number of PFC's ranged from 40 to 600 depending on the media. When P. linteus was cultured on a medium with mannose or starch as a sole carbon source, the fungus produced polysaccharide with the highest activity of 960 PFC. Activity was therefore increased by $50%$ compared with polysaccharide which was extracted from mycelia grown on medium with glucose. pH had little effect on the change in activity. All polysaccharides on media with different pH stimulated about 600 PFC. These results suggest that activity could be increased by polysaccharide modification through changes in physiological conditions.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.253-259
• /
• 2006

Organic substances are released from phytoplankton cells during all phases of growth. The type and amounts of organic substance excreted and the effects of nutrient limitation are often highly species-specific. Dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides grown in batch culture produced an exopolysaccharide. Exopolysaccharide and intracellular polysaccharide concentrations increased as C. polykrikoides cultures progressed from exponential phase, through stationary phase, to declining phase. In the exponential phase, the concentration of exopolysaccharide was relatively low, but in the stationary phase, it showed a rapid increase which seemed to coincide with the depletion of nitrate from the medium. Of the 20 amino acids analyzed, proline dominated in the organic matter of all cultures ranging from 48.2 to 79.9 nmol L–1, and constituting the 20-90% of total amino acids, and followed by histamine varying from 0.7 to 47.5 nmol L–1. Leucine and cysteine were also abundant in the stationary phase. The release rates of exopolysaccharide and intracellualr polysaccharide were higher the end of stationary phase than in the exponential phase. Exopolysaccharide concentration per cell was more than two times higher during the end of stationary phase than that in exponential phase. C. polykrikoides produced extracellular polysaccharide at a rate of 47.04 pg cell–1 day–1.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.289-295
• /
• 2016

To elucidate the new biologically active ingredient in commercial instant coffee, a crude polysaccharide (ICP-0) was isolated by ethanol precipitation, and its immunostimulatory activity was estimated. ICP-0 mainly consisted of galactose (55.5%), mannose (25.7%), arabinose (6.0%), and galacturonic acid (10.1%), suggesting the possibility of its existence as a mixture of galactomannan or pectic polysaccharide. ICP-0 showed proliferative activity in peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes. ICP-0 dose-dependently augmented the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species by peritoneal macrophages. In addition, murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated by ICP-0 showed enhanced production of various cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12) as compared to unstimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. In an in vitro assay for assessing intestinal immunomodulation, the ICP-0-treated Peyer's patch cells showed higher bone marrow cell proliferation activity at $100{\mu}g/mL$ and higher production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, compared to the untreated Peyer's patch cells. These results suggest that polysaccharides in commercial instant coffee have a potentiality for macrophage functions and the intestinal immune system.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.152-159
• /
• 2019

To characterize new physiologically active components in Korean apple vinegar, a crude polysaccharide (KAV-0) was prepared by precipitation with 80% (v/v) ethanol. KAV-0 mainly comprises 38.2% mannose, 19.1% galactose and 14.3% glucose. In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, KAV-0 promoted the proliferation of peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and showed no cytotoxicity in B16-BL6 melanoma cells. Murine peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by KAV-0 produced various cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, and nitric oxide (NO). Intravenous (i.v.) administration of KAV-0 significantly augmented NK cell cytotoxicity against Yac-1 tumor cells. In experimental lung metastasis caused by B16-BL6 melanomas, prophylactic i.v. administration of KAV-0 at a dosage of $1,000{\mu}g/mouse$ inhibited lung metastasis by 53.0%. These results suggest that the crude polysaccharide (KAV-0) isolated from Korean apple vinegar has a considerably high anti-metastatic activity and immunomodulatory activities beneficial to human health.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.323-329
• /
• 2009

The prescriptions (DB-1-DB-5) were prepared with the active herbal medicines, Acanthopanax senticosus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Polygonatum odoratum, and Cichorium intybus. The most active crude polysaccharide fraction (DB-2-3), which was isolated through the fractionation of hot-water extract from DB-2, was significantly reduced by periodate oxidation (52.7 and 63.7%) on intestinal immune system modulating and anticancer activity. When DB-2-3 was further fractionated by column chromatographies, DB-2-3IIc-2 showed the most potent activities. In addition, DB-2-3IIc stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow cells via Peyer's patch in dose-dependent pattern by oral administration. The metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 lung carcinoma had significantly inhibited in mice fed DB-2-3IIc at 1 mg/mouse (43.8%). DB-2-3IIc-2 mainly contained uronic acid (46.1%) and 42.5% of neutral sugar with a small amount of protein (7.6%), and component sugar analysis also showed that DB-2-3IIc-2 was composed Ara, Gal, and GalA (molar ratio; 0.50:0.63:1.00). It may be suggested that activities of DB-2-3IIc-2 are resulted from pectic polysaccharides containing a polygalacturonan moiety with side chain of neutral sugars, such as Ara and Gal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.752-757
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out in order to develop the method for isolation of red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) haying immunomodulating antitumor activity from red ginseng by-product. The red ginseng by-product was obtained from red ginseng residues produced in processing of red ginseng ethanol extract. The yield of RGAP isolated by ultrafiltration was 20.9%. The active substance (GFP) was purified by DEAE-sepharose column chromatography RGAP induced nitric oxide (NO) exhibited tumoricidal activities against P8l5 (mastocytoma) tumor cells. Acid-hydrolyzed RGAP fragments were shown four to five spots. These sopts showed the same R$_{f}$ values with sugars designated as rhamnose, glucose, glactose and glucuronic acid. Some physico-chemical properties of RGAP were investigated. pH and dry reduction content at 105$^{\circ}C$ were 4.74 and 4.72%, respectively. Crude protein, ash and Pb contents were 3.30%, 4.74% and 2.30 ppm. These results suggest that we will be able to produce RGAP from red ginseng by-product by ultrafiltration in a large scale.e.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.8
• /
• pp.1099-1106
• /
• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of crude polysaccharide separated from Cudrania tricuspidata leaf. C. tricuspidata polysaccharide (CTP) was extracted by ethanol precipitation. Immunomodulation activity was tested in macrophage cells (RAW 264.7 and bone-marrow derived macrophage) and splenocytes. CTP treatment significantly increased cell proliferation up to $250{\mu}g/mL$ in both RAW 264.7 and bone-marrow derived macrophages. In this concentration range (below $250{\mu}g/mL$), nitric oxide and cytokine [tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-6] production also significantly increased. Similarly, splenocyte proliferation dosedependently increased except for the $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ treated group. Regarding cytokine production activity in splenocytes, CTP treatment significantly increased production of Th 1 type cytokines [interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$] production but not Th 2 type cytokines (IL-4). Therefore, the results indicate that CTP may have a potential effect on immunomodulatory activity in various immune cells, and this is useful for development of immune enhancing adjuvant materials as a natural ingredient.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2000

We could produce algin-like biomaterial of polyiduronan using polyglucuronic acid C5-epimerase with polyglucuronic acid prepared by specific oxidation of primary alcohol groups of four kinds of polysaccharides(corn starch, rice starch, sweet potato starch, and cellulose). The enzyme activity was determined by the modified Dische carbazole methodology with the isolated crude enzyme from the supernatant centrifuged at $100,000{\times}g$ for 1 hr after grinding fresh bovine liver. And then, the optimal substrate, pH, and temperature for the enzyme reaction of polyglucuronic acid C5-epimerase were determined as the oxidized sweet potato starch, 7.0, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Conclusively, it could be possible to epimerize polyglucuronic acid in the oxidized sweet potato starch to polyiduronic acid. Therefore, we could obtain algin-like polysaccharide using the oxidized sweet potato starch and polyglucuronic acid C5-epimerase isolated from bovine liver.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.734-738
• /
• 2011

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of invasive infection in young infants and older adults. There are currently 90 capsular serotypes identified and 23 serotypes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19F, 19A, 20, 22F, 23F, and 33F) are responsible for about 90% of invasive disease. Among the more than 90 different S. pneumoniae serotypes, serotype 19A is globally very prevalent. A simplified purification procedure including adjustment of cell lysate pH to 4.5, fractionation with 50. 80% ethanol, and dialysis rendered capsular polysaccharide (CPS) in a yield of $31.32{\pm}3.11$ mg from 1 l culture (75% recovery after lyses). The product contained only 69.6 ${\mu}g$ of protein (99.78% purity) and 0.8mg (sum of the precipitants from 50~60%, 60~70%, and 70~80%) of nucleic acid (97.45% purity). The purified CPS was conjugated with bovine serum albumin; the product size ranged from 100 to 180 kDa.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.236-239
• /
• 2003

Erinacine which is produced from Hericium erinaceus mycelia is known to have a stimulating activity of nerve growth factor(NGF) synthesis. Thus, this work was concentrated on the maximum production of Hericium erinaceus mycelia. In order to maximize cell growth, the cultivation was performed with varying the agitation rate and applying the additional medium. As the results, the mycelium concentration was 24.2g/L.