• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.429-434
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• 2014

This study describes the efficient method for the discrimination of 'Cheonryang' in Panax ginseng Meyer using a STS primer. A total of 208 STS primers were applied to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for discriminating Korean ginseng cultivars. Co-dominant polymorphic band patterns were generated with two primers, MFGp 0019, MFGp 0248, and successful identification of 'Cheonryang' was achieved from out of 11 Korean ginseng cultivars. Two different sizes of DNA band patterns were detected with MFGp 0019 primer. Ten Korean ginseng cultivars shared the same size of amplified DNAs (389 bp), but 'Cheonryang' showed a different size. Thus 'Cheonryang' can be efficiently distinguished from the other ten ginseng cultivars by using the MFGp 0019 primer. In the case of MFGp 0248, two different sizes of DNA band patterns were detected in the eleven ginseng cultivars. Same sized amplified DNA bands (307 bp) were shown in five cultivars (Chunpoong, Gopoong, Kumpoong, Cheongsun, Sunhyang) and 254 bp sized DNA bands were identified in the other 6 cultivars (Yunpoong, Sunpoong, Sunun, Sunone, Cheonryang, K-1). In conclusion, the two STS primers, MFGp 0019, and MFGp 0248, provide a rapid and reliable method for the specific identification of 'Cheonryang' cultivar from a large number of samples.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The present study was carried out to establish the standard karyotype of the Korean Native Chicken and to find their chromosomal band markers using high-resolution banding technique. Chromosome analysis was performed on early chick embryos following in vitro culture of fertilized eggs of the yellow-brown and the red-brown lines of the Korean Native Chicken which had been established at National Livestock Research Institute. The high-resolution banding of the chromosome was achieved by treating the embryos with ethidium bromide and colchicine during culture. On GTG-banding, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited a typical chick banding pattern in all the macrochromosomes. Overall chromosomal morphology and positions of typical landmarks of the Korean Native Chicken were virtually identical to those of White Leghorn and International System for Standardized Avian Karyotypes(ISSAK). However, the lengths and G-band numbers of the Korean Native Chicken macrochromosomes were greater than those of White Leghorn and ISSAK. Especially in chromosomes 1 and Z, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited more separated bands in compared with ISSAK. In C-banding patterns, although a lot of observed cells had C-band polymorphic patterns, almost the Korean Native Chicken macrochromosomes had heterochromatic C-band on centromeres and/or near terminal part. However, the heterochromatic C-band was constantly observed at the end of q-arm of Z chromosomes and on the whole W chromosome. In addition, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited distinctive heteromorphic patterns of C-bands on the centromere of chromosome 3 and at the end of q-arm of Z chromosome between homologous chromosomes.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.213-221
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• 2005

We used nine decamer primers to generate DNA fragment sizes ranging from 100 bp to 1,600 bp from two bullhead (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) populations of Dangjin in Korea. 376 fragments were identified in the cultured bullhead population, and 454 in the population of wild bullhead from Dangjin: 287 specific fragments $(76.3\%)$ in the cultured bullhead population and 207 $(45.6\%)$ in the wild bullhead population. On average, a decamer primer was used to generate 34.2 amplified products in a cultured bullhead. A RAPD primer was used to generate an average of 3.1 amplified bands per sample, ranging between 2.5 and 6.0 fragments in this population. Nine primers also generated 24 polymorphic fragments (24/376 fragment, $6.4\%$) in the cultured bullhead population, and 24 (24/454 fragments, $5.2\%$) in the wild bullhead population. The OPA-16 primer, notably, produced which 11 out of 11 bands $(100\%)$ were monomorphic in the wild bullhead population. 110 intra-population-specific fragments, with an average of 12.2 per primer, were observed in the cultured bullhead population. 99 fragments, with an average of 11.0 per primer, were identified in the wild bullhead. Especially, 55 inter-population-common fragments, with an average of 6.1 per primer, were observed in the two bullhead populations. The bandsharing value (BS value) of individuals within the wild bullhead population was substantially higher than was determined in the cultured bullhead population. The average bandsharing value was $0.596\pm0.010$ within the cultured bullhead population,. and $0.657\pm0.010$ within the wild bullhead population. The dendrogram obtained with the nine primers indicates two genetic clusters, designated cluster $1\;(CULTURED\;01\~CULTURED\;11)$, and cluster $2\;(WILD\;12\~WILD\;22)$. Ultimately, the longest genetic distance displaying significant molecular differences was determined to exist between individuals in the two bullhead populations, namely between individuals WILD no. 19 of the wild bullhead population and CULTURED no. 03 of the cultured bullhead population (genetic distance = 0.714). RAPD-PCR allowed us to detect the existence of population discrimination and genetic variation in Korean population of bullhead. This finding indicates that this method constitutes a suitable tool for DNA comparison, both within and between individuals, populations, species, and genera.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.613-618
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological characteristics of leaf and the genetic diversity of Berchemia racemosa var. magna which is only found in Anmyeon Island of South Korea. ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences among individuals within population in all 10 leaf characteristics. Average characteristics of 39 individuals were 11.8 cm in leaf length, 7.1 cm in leaf width, 1.67 in leaf index, 5.4 cm in upper 1/3 width, 6.2 cm in lower 1/3 width, 3.6 cm in petiole length, 0.19 mm in leaf thickness, 11.5 ea. in number of veins (left), 11.4 ea. in number of veins (right) and 61.7 $cm^2$ in leaf area, respectively. Except for leaf thickness (18.8%), petiole length (21.7%) and leaf area (22.0%), the coefficients of variation of most leaf characteristics were relatively low (<15.0%). A total of 50 bands was generated from 8 selected I-SSR primers. The estimates of genetic variation were 1.719 in effective number of alleles ($A_e$), 26.0% in proportion of polymorphic bands (P), 0.410 in expected heterozygosity ($H_e$) and 0.598 in Shannon's diversity index (S.I.), respectively. In spite of the small number and the limited distribution, the B. racemosa var. magna population in Anmyeon Island showed high genetic diversity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2001

Amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) technique is based on the polymorphism detection through selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments from digested genomic DNA and thus includes the procedures of the total DNA digestion by endonucleases, ligation of adapters to the ends of the fragments, and following the selective amplification of the restricted DNA fragments. This study were aimed to : (1) determine the genetic variability of S aureus strains, (2) estimate genetic diversity within and among these strains, (3) compare phylogenetic relationships among these strains as genetic markers using AFLP techniques. Genomic DNA was digested with a particular combination of three restriction enzymes with specific recognition sites and the DNA fragments were ligated to restriction specific adapters and amplified using the selective primer combinations. In the S aureus strain, the number of scorable AFLP bands detected per each primer combination varied from 29 to 102, with an average of 61.59 using 27 primer combinations. A total of 1,663 markers were generated, 904 bands of which were polymorphic, showing a 33.48% level of polymorphism with these primer combinations. Among the primer combinations, E02/T02, E02/T03, E04/H02, E02/T01 and E04/H03 primer combinations showed a high level of polymorphism with 0.78, 0.76, 0.74, 0.71 and 0.70, respectively. But T03/H01, E01/T02 and E01/T03 primer combinations showed a low level of polymorphism with 0.38, 0.37 and 0.15, respectively, Therefore, the former primer combinations will be the most effective for AFLP analysis of S aureus. In SA1 sub-types the level of polymorphism of S aureus KCTC 1927 was similar to that of S aureus CU 01(0.825) and higher than those of other strains such as S aureus CU 02 (0.715), S aureus KCTC 2199(0.625), S aureus KCTC 1916(0.607) and S aureus KCTC 1621 (0.553). In SA2 sub-types the level of polymorphism of S aureus CU 07 was similar to that of S aureus CU 08(0.935) and higher than those of both S aureus CU 04(0.883) and S aureus CU 05(0.883) and lower than those of S aureus CU 03(0.583). In SA3 subtypes the level of polymorphism of S aureus CU 11 was similar to that of S aureus CU 12(0.913) and lower than that of S aureus CU 15(0.623). The results proved that AFLP marker analysis of S aureus strain could be used to study the epidemiology of mastitis and in addition, common genotype in geographic region could be useful for the development of an effective vaccine or DNA marker for easy diagnosis of mastitis caused by S aureus infection.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.517-522
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological and anatomical characteristics of needle and the genetic diversity of Pinus pumila Regel which is a unique and the southern peripheral population in South Korea. ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences among individuals within population in all 8 needle characteristics. Average characteristics of 66 individuals were 53.59 mm in needle length, 0.78 mm in needle width, 68.98 in needle index, 0.65 mm in needle thickness, 4.56 ea. in maximum stomata row, 3.80 ea. in minimum stomata row, 8.36 ea. in total stomata row and 1.71 ea. in resin canals, respectively. Resin canal per needle of this species ranged from one to three, depending on external type. Especially, arrangement types were 69.47% in two resin canals and 30.45% in a single resin canal. A total of 78 bands was generated from 9 selected I-SSR primers. The estimates of genetic variation were 61.5% in proportion of polymorphic bands (P), 1.698 in effective number of alleles ($A_e$), 0.388 in expected heterozygosity ($H_e$) and 0.567 in Shannon's information index (S.I.), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2008

Genetic diversity and population genetic structure within or among three stream populations (Gab, Baekgok and Ji streams) of Korean endangered natural monument fish, Iksookimia choii, were assessed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). AFLP analysis using three primer combinations generated 104 to 106 AFLP bands, and percent polymorphic bands were similar in those three populations ranging 21.5 to 24.5%. Heterozygosity and genetic diversity within or among populations were quite low for all of these populations with average values ranging from 0.067 to 0.084 and from 0.076 to 0.087, respectively. Analyses of pairwise distance and genetic similarity among three populations of I. choii also revealed the similar results with very low genetic differentiation one another. Although pairwise Fst values were very low, our data clearly indicated distinct genetic differentiation among the three populations. This is the first report concerning the genetic diversity and differentiation of this species, and provides basic genetic information that should facilitate attempts to conserve this species.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2011

In this study, we performed ovule culture after reciprocal crosses of two Alstroemeria accessions and investigated genetic contribution of parents by using RAPD markers. The best method was half-ovule culture on MS medium supplemented with $60g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose and $2.2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ gelrite at 14 days after pollination. Embryos began to germinate after 6 weeks of culture. The complete plantlets were formed after 4 months of culture. In eight progenies and two parental cultivars, 59 polymorphic bands were obtained out of 89 total bands by RAPD analysis using 7 primers. Eight $F_1$ progenies from the crosses between two accessions using reciprocal crosses showed 1:1 contribution of maternal and paternal parents. It is confirmed that $F_1$ progenies were obtained from parental accessions by using RAPD markers. We conclude this cross combination showed pre-fertilization barriers with incompatibility between stigma or style, and pollen because progeny number was different in each cross combination. Thereby, it warrants overcoming pre-fertilization barrier together with post-fertilization barrier in order to broaden the heterozygosity within progeny populations in Alstroemeria breeding program.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.109-113
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• 2005

To analyze the genetic relationship 8 accessions of Ostericum koreanum Kitakawa, random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis was performed using 60 Operon primers. The 25 primers out of 60 random primers were amplified DNA by PCR using genomic DNA of O. koreanum. Eighty-five (49.1%) among 173 bands derived from 25 primers showed poly morphism, On the basis of similarity coefficient analysis by UPGMA, 8 accessions of O. koreanum Kitakawa could be classified into three groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.71. Group I contained three accessions (Nam Gangwhal), Group II contained one accession (Nam Gangwhal) and Group III contained four accessions (Buk Gangwhal), The range of total genetic similarity coefficient value of 8 accessions of O. koreanum Kitakawa was $0.63{\sim}0.96$. Buk Gangwhal was flowered 18 to 26 days earlier than Nam Gangwhal, and Nam Gangwhal leaf stalk was thin and long as bolting rate high compared with Buk Gangwhal.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2002

To develop DNA markers for analysis of genetic characteristics of Phytophthora capsici population, randomly selected clones from HindIII-digested genomic DNA library of P. capsici 95CY3119 were surveyed by hybridizing to Southern blots of HindIII-digested total genomic DNA of P. capsici. Probe DNAs inserted into selected individual clones strongly hybridized with HindIII digests of P. capsici. Among probes examined, PC9 revealed the repetitive and highly polymorphic bands to HindIII digests of inter-and intra-field P. capsici isolates. Genetic diversity of individual isolates was also clearly revealed in cluster analysis based on its band patterns. The other probe, PC22, was hybridized only to DNA from P. capsici and this was highly repetitive. However, there was no response to other Phytophthora species and Pythium sp. These DNA probes could be used as very useful markers in analysing genetic diversity and identification for P. capsici population throughout the world.