• 제목/요약/키워드: polychlorinated biphenyl

검색결과 71건 처리시간 0.023초

Reductive Dechlorination of Low Concentration Polychlorinated Biphenyls as Affected by a Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant

  • Kim, Jong-Seol;Frohnhoefer, Robert C.;Cho, Young-Cheol;Cho, Du-Wan;Rhee, G-Yull
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권9호
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    • pp.1564-1571
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    • 2008
  • We investigated whether the threshold concentration for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dechlorination may be lower in biosurfactant-amended sediments compared with biosurfactant-free samples. At PCB concentrations of 40, 60, and 120 ppm, the surfactant amendment enhanced the PCB dechlorination rate at all concentrations and the rate was also faster at higher concentrations. On a congener group basis, dechlorination proceeded largely with group A (congeners with low threshold) in both surfactant-free and -amended sediments, accumulating mainly group C (residual products of dechlorination) congeners, and surfactant enhanced the dechlorination rate of group A congeners. Since the PCB threshold concentration for the inoculum in the experiment was lower than 40 ppm, we carried out another experiment using sediments with lower PCB concentrations, 10, 20, and 30 ppm. Sediments with 100 ppm were also performed to measure dechlorination at a PCB saturation concentration. Comparison between the plateaus exhibited that the extent of dechlorination below 40 ppm PCBs was much lower than that at a saturation concentration of 100 ppm. There was no significant difference in the extent of dechlorination between surfactant-free and -amended sediments. Moreover, surfactant did not change the congener specificity or broaden the congener spectrum for dechlorination at PCB concentrations below 40 ppm. Taken together, it seems that at a given PCB concentration, dechlorination characteristics of dechlorinating populations may be determined by not only the congener specificity of the microorganisms but also the affinity of dechlorinating enzyme(s) to individual PCB congeners.

국내의 다양한 장소에서 채취된 수질, 토양 및 저질시료의 폴리염화비페닐에 의한 오염도 (Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contaminations of Water, Soils and Sediments Sampled from Various Places of Korea)

  • 박현미;류재천;김영만;이강봉
    • 분석과학
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    • 제13권6호
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    • pp.802-809
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    • 2000
  • 국내의 다양한 장소에서 채취된 수질 43종, 토양 35종 및 저질 11종 중에 포함 되어있는 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)의 congeners 성분들을 GC/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 수질시료의 평균 회수율은 $83.8{\pm}10.4%$이며, 토양 및 저질시료의 평균 회수율은 $94.9{\pm}12.2%$였으며, $^{13}C{_{12}}$-PCBs(Surlegate)에 대한 회수율도 $80.2{\pm}8.7%$로 비교적 양호하였다. 검출 한계는 수질의 경우 0.01 ng/ml이며, 토양 및 저질의 경우 0.05 ng/g로 결정되었다. 수질시료는 정량한계 범위 내에서 검출되지 않았으나, 토양 및 저질시료에서는 대부분의 시료에서 한 개 이상의 PCBs congener가 검출되었다. 이번 국내의 PCBs 생태계 오염 실태조사 결과는 미국, 유럽 및 일본과 같은 선진국에 비해 PCBs의 오염도가 상당히 낮은 것으로 평가되었다.

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Isolation and Characterization of Comprehensive Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Degrading Bacterium, Enterobacter sp. LY402

  • Jia, Ling-Yun;Zheng, Ai-Ping;Xu, Li;Huang, Xiao-Dong;Zhang, Qing;Yang, Feng-Lin
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.952-957
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    • 2008
  • A Gram-negative bacterium, named LY402, was isolated from contaminated soil. 16S rDNA sequencing and measurement of the physiological and biochemical characteristics identified it as belonging to the genus Enterohacter. Degradation experiments showed that LY402 had the ability to aerobically transform 79 of the 91 major congeners of Aroclor 1242, 1254, and 1260. However, more interestingly, the strain readily degraded certain highly chlorinated and recalcitrant polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Almost all the tri- and tetra-chlorobiphenyls (CBs), except for 3,4,3',4'-CB, were degraded in 3 days, whereas 73% of 3,4,3',4'-, 92% of the penta-, 76% of the hexa-, and 37% of the hepta-CBs were transformed after 6 days. In addition, among 12 octa-CBs, 2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6-CB was obviously degraded, and 2,2',3,3',4,5,6,6'- and 2,2',3,3',4,5,5',6'-CB were slightly transformed. In a metabolite analysis, mono- and dichlorobenzoic acids (CBAs) were identified, and parts of them were also transformed by strain LY402. Analysis of PCB degradation indicated that strain LY402 could effectively degrade PCB congeners with chlorine substitutions in both ortho- and para-positions. Consequently, this is the first report of an Enterobacteria that can efficiently degrade both low and highly chlorinated PCBs under aerobic conditions.

Dechlorination of Individual Congeners in Aroclor 1248 as Enhanced by Chlorobenzoates, Chlorophenols, and Chlorobenzenes

  • Kim, Jong-Seol;Cho, Young-Cheol;Frohnhoefer, Robert C.;Rhee, G-Yull
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권10호
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    • pp.1701-1708
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    • 2008
  • Previous investigations showed that three classes of haloaromatic compounds (HACs; chlorobenzoates, chlorophenols, and chlorobenzenes) enhanced the reductive dechlorination of Aroclor 1248, judging from the overall extent of reduction in CI atoms on the biphenyl. In the present study, we further investigated the kind of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners involved in the enhanced dechlorination by four isomers belonging to each class (2,3-, 2,5-, 2,3,5-, and 2,4,6-chlorobenzoates; 2,3-, 3,4-, 2,5-, and 2,3,6-chlorophenols; and 1,2-, 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and penta-chlorobenzenes). Although the PCB congeners involved in the enhanced dechlorination varied with the HACs, the enhancement primarily involved para-dechlorination of the same congeners (2,3,4'-, 2,3,4,2'-plus 2,3,6,4'-, 2,5,3',4'- plus 2,4,5,2',6'-, and 2,3,6,2',4'-chlorobiphenyls), regardless of the HACs. These congeners are known to have low threshold concentrations for dechlorination. To a lesser extent, the enhancement also involved meta dechlorination of certain congeners with high threshold concentrations. There was no or less accumulation of 2,4,4'- and 2,5,4'-chlorobiphenyls as final products under HAC amendment. Although the dechlorination products varied, the accumulation of ortho-substituted congeners, 2-, 2,2'-, and 2,6-chlorobiphenyls, was significantly higher with the HACs, indicating a more complete dechlorination of the highly chlorinated congeners. Therefore, the present results suggest that the enhanced dechlorination under HAC enrichment is carried out through multiple pathways, some of which may be universal, regardless of the kind of HACs, whereas others may be HAC-specific.

Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls as Affected by Natural Halogenated Aromatic Compounds

  • Kim Jongseol;Lee Ahmi;Moon Yong-Suk;So Jae-Seong;Koh Sung-Cheol
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제44권1호
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    • pp.23-28
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    • 2006
  • We investigated the effects of halogenated aromatic compounds (HACs) including naturally occurring ones (L-thyroxine, 3-chloro-L-tyrosine, 5-chloroindole, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and chlorobenzene) on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dechlorination in sediment cultures. A PCB-dechlorinating enrichment culture of sediment microorganisms from the St. Lawrence River was used as an initial inoculum. When the culture was inoculated into Aroclor 1248 sediments amended with each of the six HACs, the extent of dechlorination was not enhanced by amendment with HACs. The dechlorination patterns in the HAC-amended sediments were nearly identical to that of the HAC-free sediments except the 3-chloro-L-tyrosine-amended ones where no dechlorination activity was observed. When these sediment cultures were transferred into fresh sediments with the same HACs, the dechlorination specificities remained the same as those of the initial inoculations. Thus, in the present study, the substrate range of the highly selected enrichment culture could not be broadened by the HACs. It appears that HACs affect PCB dechlorination mainly through population selection rather than enzyme induction of single population.

Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in shellfish collected from a market

  • Lee, Ga-Jeong;Moon, Ji Yong;Lee, Eun-Hwa;Ha, Hye-Sook;Jeong, Gi Ho
    • 분석과학
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.529-534
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    • 2005
  • We collected seven species of shellfish; all originating from the southern coastal areas of Korea, from a market every three months from Dec. 2001 to Sept. 2002, and determined the total polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB) levels by the sum of 26 individual congener levels. A GC-ECD system was applied for identification and quantification of these PCB congeners. Mussel showed the highest level in Sept. 2002 at 34.5 ng/g dry weight(d.w.). All species except mussel showed the lowest total PCB level in Dec. 2001 and their levels in tissue ranged from 0.6 to 5.5 ng/g d.w. The total PCB levels ranged from 0.8 to 17.3 ng/g in Mar. 2002, 2.2 to 9.5 ng/g in June 2002, and 1.8 to 34.5 ng/g d.w. in Sept. 2002. The principal congener group was penta-CBs, which accounted for 32% of the total PCBs, followed by hexa-CBs at 23%, and tetra-CBs at 21%.

Pseudomonas sp. P2에 의한 Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs) 분해에 대한 영양원의 영향 (Effects of Nutritional Sources on Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) by Pseudomonas sp. P2)

  • 최상기;금정호
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제5권5호
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    • pp.611-617
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    • 1996
  • 유일한 탄소원으로서 Biphenyl을 포함하고 있는 액체배지에서 Pseudomonas sp. P2의 생육에 미치는 영양원의 효과에 관해 연구하였다. Pseudomonas sp. P2의 특성을 조사하기 위한, 배양시간은 균의 생육 유선에서 대수성장기 말인 100시간으로 하였다. PCBs를 분해하는 Pseudomonas sp. P2의 생육을 위한 최적 조성은 1000 mg/L $NH_4NO_3$, 1000 mg/L KH_2PO_4$, 100 mg/L MgSO_4$.$7H_2O$, 30 mg/L $CaCl_2$.$2H_2O$, 200 mg/L NaCl, 10mg/L $FeSO_4$.$7H_2O$였다. Pseudomonas sp. P2에 의한 100시간 배양후 절연유 내에 있는 PCBs의 분해률은 500mg/L에서 59.3%, 1000mg/L에서 57.6%, 1500mg/L에서 51.4%, 2000mg/L에서는 48.775 였다.

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낙동강 유역에 서식하는 붕어와 황소개구리 체내의 Polychlorinated biphenyls의 축적도와 분포특성 (Accumulation Levels and Distribution Characteristics of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Crucians and Leopard Frogs from the Nakdong River Basin)

  • 문지용;이성인;송희영;이경진;최경희;정기호
    • 분석과학
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.347-354
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    • 2004
  • 본 연구에서는 낙동강과 그 유역에 서식하는 붕어와 황소개구리 체내의 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)의 축적도와 분포특성을 조사하였다. 낙동강의 구미부터 하구언까지 모두 5개 지점에서 붕어와 황소개구리를 채집하였으며, 이들의 근육 부분을 최종 분석시료로 하였다. PCBs의 정량분석은 GC-MSD 시스템으로 처리하였으며, PCBs 총농도를 대변할 수 있는 62개 congener를 분석항목으로 선정하였다. 붕어에서는 모두 24개의 congener가 검출되었고 총 PCBs 농도는 0.74~5.41 ng/g wet weight 범위로 나타났다. 황소개구리에서는 낙동강 하구언 1개 지점에서 단지 2개의 congener가 검출되었고 그 농도도 0.24 ng/g wet weight로서 붕어보다 약 22배 정도 낮게 검출되었다. 전체적으로, PCB 153이 가장 높게 검출된 congener이고, penta- 및 hexa-CBs가 총 PCBs의 78%를 차지하였다.