• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.731-738
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• 2003

The technique known as proteomics is useful for characterizing the protein expression pattern of a particular tissue or cell type as well as quantitatively identifying differences in the levels of individual proteins. In present study, we carried out the comparative expression patterns of white and red muscles. We used the two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) for analyzing the protein expression. Proteins isolated from porcine white and red muscles were separated by 12% poly-acrylamide gel and then were detected by coomassie blue and silver staining. More than 600 protein spots were detected on each 2-DE gel. By visual analysis of the stained gel, five proteins were identified to be differentially expressed in the white vs red muscle. By database searching based on the molecular weights and pI(isoelectric point) of the five proteins, three of them were found to be most close to troponin I, T and myoglobin. However, further researche is needed for identification and functional analysis of the unidentified proteins. In conclusion, we found five proteins, which are differentially expressed in the white vs red muscle. The functional analysis of the differentially expressed proteins will provide valuable information on biochemical characteristics of the muscle type.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.202-206
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• 2012

$CoSi_2$ was formed through annealing of atomic layer deposition Co thin films. Co ALD was carried out using bis(N,N'-diisopropylacetamidinato) cobalt ($Co(iPr-AMD)_2$) as a precursor and $NH_3$ as a reactant; this reaction produced a highly conformal Co film with low resistivity ($50\;{\mu}{\Omega}cm$). To prevent oxygen contamination, $ex-situ$ sputtered Ti and $in-situ$ ALD Ru were used as capping layers, and the silicide formation prepared by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was used for comparison. Ru ALD was carried out with (Dimethylcyclopendienyl)(Ethylcyclopentadienyl) Ruthenium ((DMPD)(EtCp)Ru) and $O_2$ as a precursor and reactant, respectively; the resulting material has good conformality of as much as 90% in structure of high aspect ratio. X-ray diffraction showed that $CoSi_2$ was in a poly-crystalline state and formed at over $800^{\circ}C$ of annealing temperature for both cases. To investigate the as-deposited and annealed sample with each capping layer, high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was employed with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). After annealing, in the case of the Ti capping layer, $CoSi_2$ about 40 nm thick was formed while the $SiO_x$ interlayer, which is the native oxide, became thinner due to oxygen scavenging property of Ti. Although Si diffusion toward the outside occurred in the Ru capping layer case, and the Ru layer was not as good as the sputtered Ti layer, in terms of the lack of scavenging oxygen, the Ru layer prepared by the ALD process, with high conformality, acted as a capping layer, resulting in the prevention of oxidation and the formation of $CoSi_2$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.815-822
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• 2012

Piceatannol (trans-3,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene), a natural stilbene, is an analogue of resveratrol. Although recent experimental data have revealed the health benefit potency of piceatannol, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer activity have not yet been studied in detail. In the present study, the further possible mechanisms by which piceatannol exerts its pro-apoptotic action in cultured human lung cancer A549 cells were investigated. Exposure of A549 cells to piceatannol resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis induction of A549 cells by piceatannol showed correlation with proteolytic activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and concomitant degradation of activated caspase-3 target proteins such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, phospholipase C-${\gamma}1$, ${\beta}$-catenin, and Inhibitor caspase-activated DNase. The increase in apoptosis by piceatannol treatment was also associated with an increase of pro-apoptotic Bax expression and decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, and caused down-regulation of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family members and up-regulation of Fas and Fas legend. In addition, piceatannol treatment markedly inhibited the expression of mRNA and proteins of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and the levels of NO production were progressively down-regulated by piceatannol treatment in a dose-dependent fashion. The results indicate that piceatannol may have therapeutic potential against human gastric cancer cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.519-527
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• 2017

Excessive activation of microglia causes the continuous production of neurotoxic mediators, which further causes neuron degeneration. Therefore, inhibition of microglial activation is a possible target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Balanophonin, a natural neolignoid from Firmiana simplex, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and mechanism of balanophonin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. BV2 microglia cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of balanophonin. The results indicated that balanophonin reduced not only the LPS-mediated TLR4 activation but also the production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), $Interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), in BV2 cells. Balanophonin also inhibited LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) protein expression and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK. Interestingly, it also inhibited neuronal cell death resulting from LPS-activated microglia by regulating cleaved caspase-3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage in N2a cells. In conclusion, our data indicated that balanophonin may delay the progression of neuronal cell death by inhibiting microglial activation.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.212-215
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• 2011

New organic light-emitting diodes with structure of indium-tin-oxide[ITO]/N,N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis-[4-(phenyl-m-tolvlamino)-phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine[DNTPD]/1,1-bis-(di-4-poly-aminophenyl) cyclohexane[TAPC]/bis(10-hydroxy-benzo(h)quinolinato)beryllium[Bebq2]/Bebq2:iridium(III)bis(2-phenylquinoline-N,C2')acetylacetonate[(pq)2Ir(acac)]/ET-137[electron transport material from SFC Co]/LiF/Al using the selective doping of 5%-(pq)2Ir(acac) in a single Bebq2 host in the two wavelength (green, orange) emitter formation were proposed and characterized. In the experiments, with a 300${\AA}$-thick undoped emitter of Bebq2, two kinds of devices with the doped emitter thicknesses of 20${\AA}$ and 40${\AA}$ in the Bebq2:(pq)2Ir(acac) were fabricated. The device with a 20${\AA}$-thick doped emitter is referred to as "D-1" and the device with a 4${\AA}$-thick doped emitter is referred to as "D-2". Under an applied voltage of 9V, the luminance of D-1 and D-2 were 7780 $cd/m^2$ and 6620 $cd/m^2$, respectively. The electroluminescent spectrum of each fabricated device showed peak emissions at the same two wavelengths: 508 nm and 596 nm. However, the relative intensity of 596 nm to 508 nm at those wavelengths was higher in the D-2 than in the D-1. The D-1 and D-2 devices showed maximum current efficiencies of 5.2 cd/A and 6.0 cd/A, and color coordinates of (0.31, 0.50) and (0.37, 0.48) on the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage[CIE] chart, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.193-193
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• 2011

To obtain ceramic films, the sol-gel coating technique has been broadly used with heat treatment, but crack formation tend to occur during heat treatment in thick sol-gel films. We prepared PZT thin films by sol-gel method with single-step spin coating process. The PZT solution have been synthesized using lead acetate ($Pb(CH_3COO)_2$), zirconium acetylacetonate ($Zr(OC_3H_7^n)_4$), and titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) 75wt% in isopropanol ($Ti(OC_3H_7^i)_2(OC_3H_7^n)_2$) as starting materials and n-propanol was selected as a solvent. The poly(vynilpyrrolidone) (PVP) was added with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 molar ratios to control viscosity of solution. We investigated influence of the viscosity on thickness, microstructure, and electrical properties of final PZT films. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter (TGA/DSC) was carried out from room temperature to $800^{\circ}C$ in order to measure pyrolysis temperature. Structural characteristics were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ferroelectric and dielectric properties were measured by RT66A (Radiant) and impedance analyzer (Agilent), respectively. The thicknesses of PZT films depended on incorporation of an excess amount of PVP. Finally, we obtained PZT films of good quality without crack formation via single-step spin coating.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.101.1-101.1
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• 2012

이번 연구에서는 전기 방사 방법을 이용하여 합성된 산화아연 나노 섬유의 일산화질소 가스에 대한 반응 특성을 조사하였다. 이 산화아연 나노 섬유는 증류수에 용해시킨 아연 아세테이트(zinc acetate)와 폴리 비닐 알콜(poly vinyl alchol, PVA)로 만들어진 용액이 전기 방사되어지며 만들어지게 된다. 무엇보다도 나노 섬유의 직경은 용액의 점도에 의해 결정되었다. 따라서 산화아연 나노 섬유의 고른 두께를 형성하기 위하여 PVA의 양을 조절하여 적절한 용액의 농도를 찾게 되었다. 이후 진행된 열처리 공정을 통해서 우리는 직경이 30~100나노미터 가량의 나노 섬유를 얻을 수 있었으며 무작위로 배열된 통기성 네크워크 구조를 얻게 되었다. 표면 분석을 위하여 주사현미경을 이용하였는데, 산화아연 나노 섬유의 표면은 열처리 전과 후로 나누어 관찰되었으며 열처리 전보다 열처리 후의 표면이 좀 더 거친 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 열처리 공정을 거치면서 효과적으로 유기물들의 제거가 이루어진 것을 짐작할 수 있었다. 일산화질소 가스에 대한 특성 평가를 위해 자체 제작된 전류-전압 측정 장치(I-V measurement)가 사용되었다. 다양한 작동온도와 다양한 일산화질소 가스 농도의 변화를 주며 얻어진 응답도를 통해서, 전기 방사를 통해 만들어진 산화아연 나노 섬유 구조 기반의 가스 센서는 두드러질만큼 좋은 응답도를 가졌고 작동 온도 $200^{\circ}C$에서 일산화질소 가스에 대한 최대 민감도를 보임을 분명히 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, 산화아연 나노 섬유 구조 기반의 가스 센서는 ppm이하의 낮은 일산화질소 가스 또한 감지할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 전기 방사를 통해 만들어진 산화아연 나노 섬유기반의 가스 센서는 저비용, 고감도의 장점을 갖는 일산화질소 가스 센서가 될 것임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2000

Bioavailability of ipriflavone (3-phenyl-7-isopropoxy-4H-I-benzopyran-4-one, IP), an antiosteoporotic drug with poor water-solubility, was studied for various types of pharmaceutical preparation in SD rats. The IP preparation types included (1) intact IP, (2) freezer milled IP (FIP), (3) freezer milled IP physically mixed with freezer milled poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (FIP+FPVP) and (4) spray-dried IP with PVP (SIP). Upon oral administration, SIP showed significantly higher absorption and elimination half-lives and the lag time $(t_{lag})$ than those of FIP+FPVP (approximately 2-fold). These results may be due to a sustained releasing effect of IP in the gastrointestinal tract by spray-drying with PVP. The $C_{max}$ of SIP was about 2 and 10 times higher than those of FIP+FPVP and FIP, respectively. The AUC of SIP was about 6 times higher than that of FIP+FPVP and 60 times that of FIP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that SIP consisted of the finest particle size and minimal aggregation than other IP preparations. It is concluded that the IP formula prepared by the spray-drying method with PVP is the most effective approach to the improvement of bioavailability of IP.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.44 no.6 s.301
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• pp.291-296
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• 2007

Porous $Al_2O_3-(m-ZrO_2)$ composites were fabricated by pressureless sintering, using different volume percentages (40% - 60%) of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) powders as a pore-forming agent. The pore-forming agent was successfully removed, and the pore size and shape were well-controlled during the burn-out and sintering processes. The average pore size in the porous $Al_2O_3-(m-ZrO_2)$ bodies was about $200\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. The values of relative density, bending strength, hardness, and elastic modulus decreased as the PMMA content increased; i.e., in the porous body (sintered at $1500^{\circ}C$) using 55 vol % PMMA, their values were about 50.8%, 29.8 MPa, 266.4 Hv, and 6.4 GPa, respectively. To make the $Al_2O_3-(m-ZrO_2)$/polymer hybrid composites, a bioactive polymer, such as PMMA, was infiltrated into the porous $Al_2O_3-(m-ZrO_2)$ composites. After infiltration, most of the pores in the porous $Al_2O_3-(m-ZrO_2)$ composites, which were made using 60 vol % PMMA additions, were infiltrated with PMMA, and their values of relative density, bending strength, hardness, and elastic modulus remarkably increased.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1437-1449
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• 2007

In this study, the effect of extract of Corydalis yanhusuo (ECT) used in Oriental medicine therapy was investigated on the cell growth and apoptosis of HepG2 human hepatoma cells. It was found that ECT could inhibit the cell growth effectively in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with morphological change and apoptotic cell death such as formation of apoptotic bodies, DNA fragmentation and increased populations of apoptotic-sub G1 phase. And we observed the effects of ECT on loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), using the JC-1 probe by DNA flow cytometric analysis. Apoptosis of HepG2 cells by ECT was associated with a down-regulation of anti apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) expression and proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. However, ECT did not affect the pro-apoptotic Bax expression and activity of caspase-8. ECT treatment also concomitant degradation and /or inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), phospholipase C-1 ($PLC{\gamma}1$). Furthermore, ECT treatment caused a dose-dependent inhibition of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2). Additionally ECT have been implicated in the regulation of telomerase expression. ECT treatment induced the down-regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA (hTERT) expression of HepG2 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that ECT may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of HepG2 human hepatoma cells.