• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.445-454
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• 2002

Material exposure experiments were performed to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and material corrosion rates based on collaboration with researchers in China, Japan, and Korea. Qualitative and quantitative atmospheric corrosion was estimated from damage caused to bronze, copper, steel, marble, cedar, cypress, and lacquer plates exposed to outdoor and indoor conditions in certain East Asian cities. The effects of atmospheric and meteorological factors on the damage to the copper plates and marble pieces were estimated using a regression analysis. The results indicated that sulfur dioxide produced the most destruction of the materials, especially in South Korea and China. In Japan, the copper plates were damaged as a result of natural conditions and sea salt. Copper was also found to be damaged by the surface deposition of sulfur and chlorine. Meanwhile, marble was substantially degraded by gaseous sulfur dioxide, yet sulfate ions in rain had no effect. Accordingly, the analysis of air pollution from the perspective of material damage was determined to be very useful in evaluating and substantiating the intensity of air pollution in East Asia.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2008

Long term monitoring was conducted to investigate a surface runoff of pollution from urban highway. The monitoring data was collected for 18 rainfall events and was used to correlate pollution load to various parameters, such as rainfall intensity, antecedent dry days and total discharge flow. Runoff coefficient and seasonal variation were also evaluated. The mean runoff coefficient of the highway was 0.823(range; $0.4687{\sim}0.9884$), and wash-off ratio for $COD_{Mn}$ and SS loads was 72.6% and 64.3%, respectively. For the initial rainfall event, the runoff EMC of $COD_{Mn}$ was high in summer and the EMC of SS was high in autumn season. However the seasonal variation of T-N and T-P was not significant. The discharged $COD_{Mn}$-EMC was $147.6\;mg/L{\sim}9.0\;mg/L$ on the generated $COD_{Mn}$-EMC of $98.8\;mg/L{\sim}8.9\;mg/L$. While the generated EMC of SS was in $285.7\;mg/L{\sim}20.0\;mg/L$ and its discharged EMC was in $190.4\;mg/L{\sim}8.0\;mg/L$. EMC of pollutants was not directly related to the first flush rainfall intensity and the antecedent dry days. But the correlation was relatively high between EMC and cumulative runoff flow volume. The trend of EMC was reduced with the cumulative runoff flow volume.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2002

Nowadays, a new word called SBS(sick building syndrome) has been come into existence. Since most people spend a large majority of their time indoors, indoor air may affect human health more than outdoor air. This outline survey was carried out to investigate the extent of indoor air pollution in singing room and PC room. The concentrations of major indoor air pollutants(carbon dioxide, total suspended particulate, airborne microbes) and Thermocircumstance(temperature, relative humidity, intensity of illumination) were observed from October 1 to 31, 2001. As results of the survey, the mom values of thermocircumstance in singing room and PC room were $22.1^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 37.1% of humidity, 75 Lux of intensity of illumination and $22.0^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 52.6% of humidity, 135 Lux of intensity of illumination, respectively. The mean concentrations of carbon dioxide were 1589 ppm in singing room and 615 ppm in PC room, respectively The concentrations of carbon dioxide in singing room were higher than the indoor environmental standard of the first clause of Article 45 of public utilization service which is showed at public hygiene of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The mean concentrations of total suspended particulate were $0.33{\;}mg/\textrm{m}^3$ in singing room and $0.57{\;}mg/\textrm{m}^3$ in PC room respectively. The mean concentrations of airborne microbe were $16{\;}CFU/\textrm{m}^3$ in singing room and $12{\;}CFU/\textrm{m}^3$ in PC room, respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.572-579
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• 2011

We have examined the runoff characteristics of nonpoint source (NPS) in fields. Two monitoring sites were equipped with an automatic velocity meter and water sampler. Monitoring was conducted at fields 1 and field 2 during the rainfall event. Ten rainfall-runoff events were monitored and analyzed during the study period. The results show that runoff occurred if daily rainfall and intensity were higher than 40 mm and 1.6 mm/hr except a few extreme rainfall events with very high intensity. Runoff of field 1 was approximately twice of that of field 2. Event mean concentrations (EMC) and pollution load of analyzed water quality indices were also higher in field 2 than in field 1. Especially, TN load from field 2 was $75.4 mg/m^2$ and was about 5 times higher than that from field 1. Analysis of Pearson correlation coefficient of water quality parameter indicates that besides of TN all items in fields 1 have tight relationship respectively (p < 0.01). But those of fields 2 have a significant (p < 0.05). Estimating units loading of NPS, we suggested that variable such as soil texture, rainfall amount and intensity and slope were needed to be considered from agricultural landuses. The results of this study can be used as a basic data in the development and implementation of total maximum daily loads (TMDL) in Korea.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.71-91
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• 2011

본 논문의 목적은 1998~2007년 중국 29개 성(省)을 대상로 통합오염원단위지수를 계측하고, 급격한 경제성장에 따른 환경성과의 변화를 파악하는 것이다. 각 성별 총생산, 자본 노동, 대기오염배출량($CO_2$, $SO_x$)을 활용한 통합오염원단위지수의 계측 결과, 상대적으로 경제성장의 속도가 빠르고 소득수준이 높은 동부지역의 수치가 중 서부에 비해 매우 낮은 수준을 보였으며, 시계열적으로도 이러한 경향은 더욱 뚜렷함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 논문은 통합오염원단위지수의 변화에 미치는 소득수준 및 기타변수의 영향을 분석하기 위해 추가적인 패널회귀분석을 시도하였다. 설명변수로는 소득수준을 나타내는 대표적 변수인 1인당 총생산과 함께 제조업 비중, 1인당 환경보호투자, 해외직접투자유입 등을 포함하였으며, 전반으로 높은 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 소득수준의 증가에 따라 통합오염원단위의 지속적인 하락경향을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 중국의 경제성장과정이 환경부담을 완화시키는 방향으로 작용하고 있음을 의미한다. 또한 해외직접투자유입변수의 계수가 모든 모형에서 통합오염원단위지수와 강한 음(-)의 관계를 보이는 것은 외국자본유입이 선진기의 보급 및 환경수요의 증가를 유도하여 환경적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 의미한다. 마지막으로 1인당 환경보호투자변수는 대부분의 모형에서 통계적 유의성을 보여주지 못하였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

본 연구는 광안대교 인근의 해저퇴적토에 포함된 중금속을 분석하여 퇴적토의 오염도를 평가하고자 하였다. 오염도 평가를 위해 Enrichment Factor(EF), Geoaccumulation index, Potential ecological risk factor(PERF), mean PEL quotient와 같은 평가방법을 사용하였다. 각 평가방법에 따라 대상 지역의 중금속 오염 정도를 확인하였고 이를 종합적으로 고려하여 어떤 지역에서 어떤 중금속이 문제가 되는지를 확인하였다. Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn의 경우 전 지역에서 비오염 혹은 영향없음으로 판별되었으나(EF<1) Cd의 경우에는 모든 지역에서 외부영향으로 인한 농도증가 양상을 보여주었다(1$I_{geo}$에 의한 평가에서는 Cd의 경우 G4에서 다소 오염으로 분류되었으나 다른 지역에서는 모두 비오염으로 평가되었다. 각 평가방법에 의한 결과를 요약하면 Cd의 경우 전 지역에서 높게 검출되었고 지역별로는 G4와 G5 지역에서 Cd를 비롯하여 Pb와 Zn의 농도가 다른 지역보다 다소 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.555-563
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• 2005

This study presents the characteristics of nocturnal inversion layer and their effect on the concentration variations of surface air pollutants using tethersonde and automatic weather station (AWS, 2 layer tower) system in Ulsan during 2003, The method for the distinction of inversion intensity was decided based on the sum of nocturnal temperature gradient. As the results, there was a close correlation (correlation coefficient of 0,76) between the maximum inversion height obtained from tethersonde and the sum of nocturnal temperature gradient. The air pollutant concentration was also directly proportional to the inversion intensity. When the inversion intensity was strong in the nighttime, ozone $(O_3)$ concentration was lower, while nitrogen dioxide $(NO_2)$ concentration was higher. The carbon monoxide (CO) concentration was gradually higher according to the nocturnal inversion intensity, whereas sulfur dioxide $(SO_2)$ concentration was relatively constant. In addition, we found that there was no correlation between the inversion intensity and TSP concentration.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.104-114
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• 1997

This study was carried out to research the influence of climatic conditions including wind direction, wind speed on air pollution in Seoul. The data were obtained from the 4 sites of air pollution monitoring stations in Seoul from '95 to '96, and analyzed statistically by SAS program. The results were as follows 1. The prevailing wind directions by season in each site were as follows Nangajwa-dong were showed SE in spring, fall, winter and WNW in summer. Ssangmun-dong were showed NW in spring, fall, winter and NNE in summer. Kuro-dong were showed SW in spring, summer, ENE in fall and NW in winter. Bangi-dong were showed WNW in four seeasons. 2. The concentrations of 5 kinds(SO$_2$, Dust, NO$_2$, CO, THC) of air pollutants were relatively low in west wind. In case of O$_3$ was opposite. 3. The concentrations of 5 kinds of air pollutants were increase with decreasing wind speeds. 4. The washing effects of air pollution by rain were significant. The concentrations of 5 kinds of air pollutants were high when the humidity were 61-80%, and low as it were 0-20%. In case of O$_3$ was opposite. 5. All of air pollutants concentrations but O$_3$ were high when the UV intensity level and temperature within the range of above zero were low level.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2011

This research focused on the investigation of runoff and nonpoint sources (NPS) pollution characteristics from small soil box plots treated by livestock waste composts. An indoor rainfall simulation was performed over the plots for 60 minutes. Simulated rainfall intensities were 32.4, 43.2, 50.3 and 57.1 mm/hr respectively. Slope of soil box plots was $10^{\circ}$ and $20^{\circ}$, respectively. Rainfall simulation replicated 5 times and the experiment was conducted every four days five times. As the slope of soil box increased, NPS pollution loads increased. And as rainfall intensity was increased from 32.4 to 57.1 mm/hr, NPS pollution loads gradually increased, too. Discharge of NPS pollution loads was the largest in the first simulation and thereafter decreased gradually. Discharged BOD load to the total applied load from $10^{\circ}$ plots, ranged 0.2 to 0.7 %, was 8.4 to 50.0 % lower than slope $20^{\circ}$ plots. When the application rate increased twice, the increase of pollution load was between 1.7~5.7 times. Analysis of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that organic matter content in pig compost and NPS pollution loads were correlated well. While under liquid compost application, the correlation coefficients between them were not good. It was concluded that application of livestock resources need to consider long-term weather forecast and if necessary, NPS reduction measures must be preceded in order to reduce NPS pollution discharge.

• 동굴
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• 제88호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2008

The black pollution that was able to include green pollution to appear for the intensity of light by an illumination institution is what after all I cannot ignore, and it may be said that chase thing damage by the isolation action that is white pollution done a long story in this outside a certain range by air quality change, dried present situation is really the environmental disruption by development and a damage phenomenon. If I am replaced in winker and I install a sensor light in the outlet by addition and use the electricity illumination that I installed for a tourist in the cave, it is expected that I can be available all the time that it is possible for electricity reduction more than the present and watches tourist passage plan private business Electric illumination in the cave for the environmental save in the cave because it is possible for more electricity reduction to be particularly off-season than on-season.