• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.977-986
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• 2011

This study analyzed the characteristics of stormwater runoff in the orchard areas and quantitatively estimated effluence of nonpoint source pollutants for the volume of runoff. Two target areas under vine cultivation were each $2,000m^2$ and $1,800m^2$, located in Gyeongju City. Since grape was the only crop on the target area, the characteristics of stormwater runoff at vineyard could be evaluated independently. A total of 51 rainfall events in the vineyard area during two years(2008-2009) was surveyed, and 19 of them became stormwater runoff, with rainfall ranging 16.5 - 79.7 mm and antecedent dry period of 1-13 days. The pollutant runoff loads by volume of stormwater runoff showed BOD ranging 19.5 - 45.3% in 30% of runoff volume. The average pollution discharge rate was 32.4%, indicating small first flush effect of BOD. The range of SS concentrations was 5 - 52.0% in 10% of runoff volume, showing the average 28.7% of discharge rate, about 3 times more than rainfall effluent. TOC and TN appeared to be similar to the results of BOD, the average discharge rate of 30.9% and 30.6% for TOC and TN, respectively, for 30% of stormwater runoff volume. Average discharge rate of COD and TP in the same runoff volume was 35.1% and 36%, respectively, showing comparatively high discharge ratio. As the targeted vineyard area was permeable land, the pollution load ratio against rainfall-runoff volume appeared to be 1:1, implying no strong first flush effect for all the survey items.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2020

The rapid development in modern industrialization pollutant the water and atmospheric air across the globe that have a major impact on the human and livings health. In worldwide, every country government increasing the importance to improve the outdoor air pollution monitoring and control to provide quality of life and prevent the citizens and livings life from hazard disease. We proposed the environmental dust level detection method for outdoor facilities using sensor fusion technology to measure precise micro-dust level and monitor in realtime. In this proposed approach use the camera sensor and commercial dust level sensor data to predict the micro-dust level with data fusion method. The camera sensor based dust level detection uses the optical flow based machine learning method to detect the dust level and then fused with commercial dust level sensor data to predict the precise micro-dust level of the outdoor facilities and send the dust level informations to the outdoor air pollution monitoring system. The proposed method implemented on raspberry pi based open-source hardware with Internet-of-Things (IoT) framework and evaluated the performance of the system in realtime. The experimental results confirm that the proposed micro-dust level detection is precise and reliable in sensing the air dust and pollution, which helps to indicate the change in the air pollution more precisely than the commercial sensor based method in some extent.

• 태양에너지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1998

국내 소비 에너지 사용량의 약 97%를 수입에 의존하고 있고, 지구온난화와 관련된 환경문제가 심각하게 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 또한 우리나라 에너지 부문별 소비형태에서 47%를 차지하는 산업용의 에너지 소비는 대부분 유류애 의존하고 있고, 그 중에서도 제조부분의 소비가 91.5%로 나타나고 있어, 이 부분에 대체어네지원의 개발, 대체 시스템의 적용이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 우리 나라에서도 국가적 에너지 절약과 쾌적한 주거환경 및 생활의 편리함을 위해 기존 화석에너지로부터 무공해 청정에너지(Clean Energy)로 그 사용형태가 바뀌어 가는 지금 그 양과 질적인 면에서 무한정이고 무공해인 대체 에너지원으로서의 태양에너지는 다양한 이용분야가 개발되어 실용화되고 있다. 국�K의 경우 대표적으로 평판형 태양열집열기를 이용한 온수급탕 시스템을 들 수 있고, 냉난방, 산업공정열 및 태양열 발전 분야에 대한 실용화 및 타당성 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 고에서는 태양열 시스템의 중요한 구성요소인 고효율 집열기술에서 산업용 응용($70{\sim}150^{\circ}C$)에 적합한 것으로 기대되는 진공유리관형 태양열집열기, 국내 외 기술개발 동향과 산업공정열의 대체 가능성에 대하여 기술하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1123-1134
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• 2009

This study was designed to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the pollutant compositions, which were emitted from three types of mosquito repellents(MRs)(mat-, liquid-vaporized, and coil-type) by utilizing a 50-L environmental chamber. A qualitative analysis revealed that 42 compounds were detected on the gas chromatography/mass spectrometer system, and that the detection frequency depended upon chemical types. Nine of the 42 compounds exhibited a detection frequency of 100%. Four aromatic compounds(benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, and xylene) were detected in all test MRs. The concentration equilibriums in the environmental chamber were achieved within 180 min after sample introduction. The coil-type MR represented higher chamber concentrations as compared with the mat- or liquid-vaporized-type MR, with respect to the target compounds except for naphthalene. In particular, the chamber concentrations of ethyl benzene, associated with the use of coil-type MR, were between 0.9 and $65\;mg\;m^{-3}$ whereas those of mat- and liquid-vaporized-type MRs we~e between 0.5 and $2.0\;mg\;m^{-3}$and 0.3 and $1.4\;mg\;m^{-3}$, respectively. However, naphthalene concentrations in the chamber, where a liquid-vaporized-type MR was placed, were measured as between 17.8 and $56.3\;mg\;m^{-3}$, but not detected in the chamber, where a mat- or coil-type MR was placed. The empirical model fitted well with the time-series concentrations in the environmental chamber(in most cases, determination coefficient, $R^2$ ≿ 0.9), thereby suggesting that the model was suitable for testing emissions. In regards to the target compounds except for benzene, although they were emitted from the MRs, health risk from individual exposure to them were estimated not to be significant when comparing exposure levels with no observed adverse exposure levels or lowest observed adverse exposure levels of corresponding compounds. However, it was concluded that the use of MRs could be an important indoor source as regards benzene.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1040-1049
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• 2010

GHG 및 대기오염물질 배출 규제는 고효율 및 친환경에 적합한 새로운 선박용 동력장치의 필요성을 제기하고 있다. 최근 이와 같은 문제들을 근본적으로 해결하기 위한 지속가능한 방법으로서 연료전지를 선박의 동력발생장치로 도입하고자 하는 검토가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문은 액체연료인 메탄올을 기반으로 한 고체산화물형 연료전지/가스터빈 하이브리드시스템의 성능을 평가한 것으로 스택의 작동온도, 전류밀도, 가스터빈 압력비, 공기예열기 온도효율, TIT(turbine inlet temperature)의 영향을 시뮬레이션으로 검토하고 그 결과를 기체연료인 메탄의 경우와 비교하고 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.150-160
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• 2014

Greenhouse gas (GHG) and Air Pollution (AP) emission inventories have been constructed and estimated independently up-to-date in Seoul. It causes difficulty in GHG and AP integrated management due to a difference in emission inventories. In this study, we constructed GHG and AP integrated emission inventories for direct and indirect sources in Seoul during the year 2010 in Energy activities for estimating GHG and AP emissions were derived from IPCC guideline, guidelines for local government greenhouse inventories, air pollutants calculation manual, and Indirect Emission Factors (IEF) reported by Korea Power Exchange. The annual GHG emission was estimated as 50,530,566 $tonCO_{2eq}$, of which 54.8% resulted from direct sources and the remaining 45.2% from indirect sources. Among direct sources, transportation sector emitted the largest GHG, accounting for 47.3% of the total emission from direct sources. As with indirect sources, purchased electricity sector only emitted 98.6% of the total emission from indirect sources. The annual AP emission was estimated as 283,701 tonAP, of which 85.9% was contributed by the combined AP emissions of transportation and fugitive sectors. Estimation of individual air pollutant showed that the largest source were transportation sector for CO, $NO_x$, TSP, $PM_{10}$ and NH3, non-energy sector for $SO_x$, and fugitive sector for VOCs. This study found some limitations in estimating GHG and AP integrated emissions, such as nonconforming emission inventories between GHG and AP, and no indirect AP emission factor of purchased electricity, and so on. Those should be further studied and improved for more effective GHG and AP integrated management.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to seek AEI(Air Environmental Indices), PSI(Pollutant Standard Index) and the urban air quality control goal(the best available alternative energy program) by assessing the best ratio of energy types used in urban enterprises, based on harmful health effect and air quality standard and costs. This study is focused on an urban area(Puchun), where area sourcees are associated with heavy traffic, large population, and its industrial sources with large emissions. In the first step, air modeling, estimation of AEI and PSI, and benefit-cost analysis were carried out. In the second step, we assessed that 660 scenarios about the ratio of B-C oil, light oil and LNG used in urban enterprises with regard to air quality and cost. In the third step, the best available alternative energy program was selected for the ratio of energy species(B-C oil, light oil and LNG) by using the lexicographic method. From the emission analysis, main source of $NO_2$ is identified as industries and air quality is evaluated according to the ratio of B-C oil, light oil and LNG used in urban enterprise. The modeling data of TSP, $SO_2$, $NO_2$, CO, $O_3$, by ISC3 and PBM are respectively $118{\mu}g/m^3$, 0.027ppm, 0.025ppm, 2.0ppm, 0.55ppm in indurstrial area. That data are close to Environmental Air Quality Standard. By means of sensitivity analysis, we obtained the difference in concentration between the areas(Nae-dong, Joong-dong) according to the ratio of B-C oil, light oil and LNG used in the industries. From the result of alternatives assessment the lowest AEI value and cost, the ratio of B-C oil, light oil and LNG are 2.5%, 20%, 77.5%, respectively.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 도로이동오염원을 대상으로 추진하는 교통환경정책의 대기질 개선효과 분석 방법론을 제시하였으며, 해당 방법론은 정책 추진에 따른 도로이동오염원의 통행량과 대기오염물질 배출량 변화, 대기오염물질의 공간적 확산과 이로 인한 노출인구의 건강영향을 순차적으로 고려한다. 특히 도로이동오염원의 통행량 변화는 정책 효과와 직접적인 연관이 있기 때문에 대기질 개선효과 분석시 반드시 고려되어야 하며, 본 연구에서는 교통수요모형 기반의 상향식 방법을 적용하여 기존 하향식 방법 대비 정책 추진에 따른 통행자의 통행행태 변화를 상세하게 반영하고자 하였다. 정책 시나리오 분석을 통하여 본 연구에서 제시한 분석 방법론의 활용가능성을 검토하였으며, 통행자의 통행행태 변화가 예상되는 정책의 대기질 개선효과 분석은 본 연구의 분석 방법론 적용이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.653-664
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• 2015

TPLMS (Total water pollutant load management system) that is the most powerful water-quality protection program have been implemented since 2004. In the implementation of TPLMS, target water-quality and permissible discharged load from each unit watershed can be decided by water-quality modeling. And NPS (Non-point sources) discharge coefficients associated with certain (standard) flow are used on estimation of input data for model. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) recommend NPS discharge coefficients as 0.15 (Q₂₇₅) and 0.50 (Q₁₈₅) in common for whole watershed in Korea. But, uniform coefficient is difficult to reflect various NPS characteristics of individual watershed. Monthly NPS discharge coefficients were predicted and estimated using surface flow and water-quality from HSPF watershed model in this study. Those coefficients were plotted in flow duration curve of study area (Palger stream and Geumho C watershed) with monthly average flow. Linear regression analysis was performed about NPS discharge coefficients of BOD, T-N and T-P associated with flow, and R² of regression were distributed in 0.893~0.930 (Palger stream) and 0.939~0.959 (Geumho C). NPS Discharge coefficient through regression can be estimated flexibly according to flow, and be considered characteristics of watershed with watershed model.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.804-812
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• 2012

This study contemplated domestic and other country's effluent limitation standards and suggested a methodology to establish technology-base limitation value. Current effluent limitation regulates industrial point sources discriminated by discharge flow rate and by regional distinction in Korea. Discharged $BOD_5$ load from large-scale plants(flow rate above $2,000\;m^3/day)$ exceeds 50% of overall industrial wastewater, which present rationale for discrimination based on plant size. However, regional distinction and pollutant- specific regulation might be insufficient to meet practical effectiveness of wastewater management policy, due to the nearly same limitation. Water quality data and treatment methods were investigated in hospital industry. And their distribution of effluent $BOD_5$ concentrations was statistically analyzed to suggest limitation value. Effluent $BOD_5$ concentrations showed lognormal distribution and $95^{th}$ percentile was corresponded to 87.9 mg/L, which could be suggested as tentative effluent limitation in hospital industry. The $95^{th}$ percentile of log-transformed distribution showed similar value of 86.5 mg/L. This study demonstrated reasonable methodology for establishing effluent limitation reflecting wastewater characteristic and treatment technology in separately categorized industry.