• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.221-233
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• 2015

Pollen is closely related to health issues such as allergenic rhinitis and asthma as well as intensifying atopic syndrome. Information on current and future spatio-temporal distribution of allergenic pollen is needed to address such issues. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling (CMAQ) was utilized as a base modeling system to forecast pollen dispersal from oak trees. Pollen emission is one of the most important parts in the dispersal modeling system. Areal emission factor was determined from gridded areal fraction of oak trees, which was produced by the analysis of the tree type maps (1:5000) obtained from the Korea Forest Service. Daily total pollen production was estimated by a robust multiple regression model of weather conditions and pollen concentration. Hourly emission factor was determined from wind speed and friction velocity. Hourly pollen emission was then calculated by multiplying areal emission factor, daily total pollen production, and hourly emission factor. Forecast data from the KMA UM LDAPS (Korea Meteorological Administration Unified Model Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System) was utilized as input. For the verification of the model, daily observed pollen concentration from 12 sites in Korea during the pollen season of 2014. Although the model showed a tendency of over-estimation in terms of the seasonal and daily mean concentrations, overall concentration was similar to the observation. Comparison at the hourly output showed distinctive delay of the peak hours by the model at the 'Pocheon' site. It was speculated that the constant release of hourly number of pollen in the modeling framework caused the delay.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2002

Pollen analyses and $^{14}$ C dating of the sediments of the Akindonuma moor, which is situated in a closed depression of an old landslide, were peformed in order to study the vegetation history of the montane zone of the Miyagi Prefecture, Northeast Japan. The main results are as follows: Two forest zones have been distinguished: 1) the A-I zone, or the Fagus-Quercus-Betula forest (R I stage, before about 11,700 yrs B.P.), and 2) the A-II zone, or the Fagus-Quercus forest (R II stage, after about 11,700 yrs B.P.). By comparing the geological section with the pollen diagram of the moor, it is assumed that the deposit environment of the Middle Part, which mostly consists of peat layers, is very stable. During the period, the Ulmus/Zelfkova pollen ratio was very low and small peak was not recognized. According to the preceding research, theme is a close relationship between the fluctuation of the Ulmus/Zelkova pollen ratio and the general trend of hillslope instability in the changing balance of temporature and precipitation Actually, Zelkova serrata tends to cover the footslope and the lower sideslope. Ulmus davidiana covers the footslope and the alluvial cone. Therefore, the fact that the Ulmus/Zeikova pollen ratio was very low and small peak was not recognized, is believed to reflect the stability of the earth's surface environment, which was estimated from the geological section.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.189-201
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• 2004

The present study has measured eight pollen morphological parameters of Diploxylon species in Korea by light microscopy (LM). The results are as follows; 1. Diploxylon species in Korea showed significant (P＜0.01) interspecific difference in their pollen morphological parameters. 2. The discriminant analysis based on the pollen morphological parameters demonstrated that the classification ratio of Diploxylon was 49.9％. The maximum was at Pinus banksiana (72.8％) and the minimum was at P. sylvestris (62.2％). 3. The relationship among the Diploxylon species based on their pollen morphological parameters showed that P. densiflora and P. sylvestris were had the closest relationship while P. rigida and banksiana had the least relationship.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.202-212
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to compare of pollen morphological characteristics for five Haploxylon species in Korea using light microscopy(LM). The results are as follows; 1. Highly significant (P＜0.01) interspecific difference was observed in five Haploxylon species for their pollen morphological parameters. 2. The discreminant analysis based on the pollen morphological parameters demonstrated that the classification ratio of Haploxylon was 68.8 ％ ranging from 72.8 ％ of Pinus pumila to 62.2 ％ P. koraiensis. 3. The relationship among the species based on their pollen morphological parameters showed that P. koraiensis and P. pumila in Haploxylon were most closely related while P. pumila and P. bungeana were least related.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-48
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• 1998

In this paper, pollen types of plants and Pb, N, P, K, Ca and Na in pallens of trees were investigated to control the air and soil pollutions. Morphological types of about 500 species of plants were identified to make the best use of paleontology, medicine and pharmacy. There were the positive correlations between Pb, N, P, K,Ca and Na contents in pollens and soils, respectively. A heavy metal, Pb, contained in pollens was not absorbed by rats. This fact should be utilized to purify air and soils polluted by Pb. Key words: Pb, Pollen, Pollution, puripication, Control.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2017

The paleo-environments including changes in vegetation, climate, and sea level since the middle Holocene(6,400(?)-1,800(?) yr BP) were reconstructed with the special reference to pollen analysis from two trench samples at Yulha-dong, Kimhae-si, southern Korea. The environmental characteristics by the pollen zonation wassummarized asfollows: Pollenzone I(6,400(?)~3,940(?) yr BP)showed the dominance of Quercus species with broad-leaved trees, it was warm condition. Pollenzone II(3,940(?)~2,300(?) yr BP) was characterized to the yellow soil indicating terrestrial environment. Moreover, it showed Alnus-NAP period related to the extension of agriculture and deforestation by the rapid decrease of Quercus and increase of Gramineae. Pollenzone III(2,300(?)~1,800(?) yr BP) showed human impact from the increase of NAP and Pinus. Plenty of Quercus with deciduous broad-leaved trees also suggested warmer condition than before.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

This study tried to reconstruct paleovegetation environments during the late Holocene with pollen analysis from archeological trenches at the right bank of Geumgang in Sejong-si. The lower hills was dominantly covered with pine trees, while alder trees and hygrophytes extended on the floodplain since 2,000yr BP. The pollen composition of Alnus dominance in the floodplain during the times is different from the general charateristics of Korean peninsula. Such a phenomenon is thought to be influenced by the fluvial process on the floodplain in the middle reaches of Geumgang around Sejong-si. Mihocheon and some tributaries join to Geumgang around Sejong-si, and the channel of Geumgang becomes narrow around the boundary between Sejong-si and Gongju-si. This narrow channel could attribute to the formation of extensive floodplain around Sejong-si. Moreover, human impacts such as agriculture appear continuously since 1,800yr BP.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 2012

Paleo-environments such as vegetation and climate changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene are reconstructed by the results of pollen analysis in the floodplain of Cheonan River, Seongjeong-dong, Cheonan-si, Chungnam Province. In the pollen zone I (approximately 23,000-15,000 yr BP), the area studied was covered by the extensive grassland with sparse wood. The climatic conditions were very cold, but it might not be so severe compared to the intermontane area in the Yeongnam area. This zone corresponds to the 'very cold' stage of Woldstedt(1962) and Yoon and Jo(1996). No pollen horizon(pollen zone II) deposited between approximately 15,000 and 10,000 yr BP corresponds to the transitional stage from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. The horizon consists of the dark gray brown sand deposits different from the other horizons dominated by the silty deposits and these sedimentary properties may be attributed to the dramatic climate changes between the very cold stage and warm stage. The pollen zone III formed between approximately 10,000 and 6,000 yr BP shows clearly different pollen compositions indicative of temperate climate conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.3
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• pp.344-352
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• 2010

To investigate the mating system of clones in the seed orchard of Japanese red pine, parameters of mating system, such as outcrossing rates, number of potential pollen contributors, and degree of pollen contamination, were estimated in the seed orchard of Japanese red pines on the basis of DNA data including 4 nSSR and 6 cpSSR markers. Estimates of outcrossing rates were ranged from 94.9 to 100% with an average of 98.9% on the basis of the analysis of cpSSR haplotypes. They were ranged from 90.3% to 100% with an average of 95.9% on the basis of the analysis of nSSR genotypes. However, cross checking of both DNA markers revealed that the seeds presumed to be products of self pollination were turned out to be generated by pollination between mother tree and other tree (i.e., 100% of cumulative outcrossing rate). Estimates of pollen contamination ranged from 43.6% (Gangwon-10) to 56.4% (Gangwon-12) with the average of 48.9%. On the basis of pooled cpSSR haplotype of each seed, maximum number of 21 pollen contributors were verified from the seeds reproduced by Kyungbuk-38. Minimum number of 13 pollen contributors were verified in Gangwon-10. Mean of 16.2 pollen contributors were verified from a total of 5 mother trees. In conclusion, considering pretty high outcrossing rates between clones within a seed orchard, it may be expected that a fairly good genetic potential of the seeds, produced in '77 plot of the seed orchard of Japanese red pines at Anmyeon island, may be guaranteed. Observed results from the analysis of mating system of Japanese red pines in a '77 plot of the seed orchard may also provide useful information for the establishment and management of the seed orchard of the progressive generation.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-185
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• 2012

Authors performed pollen analysis in deposits at a coastal plain at Yeongjong-do Island located in Incheon, South Korea. Sampling site (7.2 m a.s.l.) belongs to the cool temperate deciduous broad-leaf forest. Environmental changes since 8,900 yrs B.P. reconstructed from pollen analysis are as follows; JS-I stage (c.a. 8,900~8,500 yrs B.P. ) was cool temperate northern mixed-forest which is comparable to the early PostGlacial pollen stage RI in Japan, in which Pinus and Quercus were dominant and Abies and Picea were also found. At that time, climate was relatively cooler and dryer than today. JS-II stage (sometime between 8,500~4,000 yrs B.P.) was Pinus-dominant coniferous forest, which is comparable to the mid-Post-Glacial pollen stage RII. Mixed forest of Pinus, Quercus and Carpinus was dominant in JS-III stage (c.a. 4,000 yrs B.P). We assumed that JS-II and JS-III stage were relatively warmer and more humid than JS-I stage, and were more like present conditions. JS-IV stage (sometime between 4,000~900 yrs B.P.) was Pinus-dominant coniferous forest which is comparable to the late Post-Glacial pollen stage RIII. JS-V stage (c.a. 900 yrs B.P. ~present) was second growth Pinus-dominant coniferous forest stage. During the last stage, non-arboreal pollen was more common than arboreal pollen and Fagopyrum appeared among the herbaceous plant, which indicates that it is comparable to the RIIIb stage which was the age of human interference. From the JS-V stage, humans in the study site started agricultural activities.