• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.41
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• pp.57-84
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• 2015

During the Japanese rule, there was an abundance of Japanese writers using colonial Taiwan as the backdrop for their work. However, after Japan's surrender and Taiwan's independence, such writers became nearly invisible. With recent relations between Taiwan and Japan drawing closer, novels and films tracing the modern relationship of the two nations are continually being introduced. Tsushima Yuko's 2008 novel Too Savage and Yoshida Shuichi's 2009 work Road also sprout from the shift in the two countries' and East Asia's historic and political atmosphere. The two books are similar in the sense that they both use countries as the backdrop and recall colonial times. However, the perspectives of the two greatly differ. This paper will compare the meaning behind the narrative strategies that the two authors take in remembering colonial Taiwan and the relationship of the two countries. It will be quite meaningful for Koreans to research the recent works of Japanese writers depicting Taiwan, as Korea also shares a similar modern history. It will also be a good opportunity to ruminate on the entangled modern history of the East Asian region and review relevant literature and culture.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.58
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• pp.97-122
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the longitudinal patterns of marital satisfaction, characteristics of each pattern, influencing factors and the difference on self-esteem, among married couples who experienced unemployment. To achieve this, the 443 married couples, who were initially employed in the first year but unemployed in next 5 years were extracted from the $2^{nd}$ to $11^{st}$ waves of Korean Welfare Panel Study(KoWePS) data. The results showed that there are five patterns on marital satisfactions of couple who experienced unemployment: maintaining low-level, mid-level, continuous declining, rebound after sharp declining, and maintaining high-level. In addition to this, the groups that maintain the marital satisfaction showed higher self-esteem than the groups that showed positive or negative change in marital relationship. Based on these results, this study suggested political and practical intervention to maintain the satisfaction of marital relationship and their self-esteem in a high level.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.51
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• pp.103-134
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• 2019

The study started with the perception that there would be numerous conflicts within and outside the organization as a national and public cultural and artistic organization. In addition, the conflict acts as a negative problem factor for the members of the organization, and the resulting emotions were identified to determine what relationship. Specifically, 1) identify ingesting the conflict factors recognized by the members of the art corps (organizations) of incumbent national and public cultural and artistic organizations (organizations), and 2) how conflicts provide influence to the art corps as a negative problem factor, 3) the feelings of conflict (exhaustion, turnover intent, job dissatisfaction, negative transition) are intended to look at the relationship. To summarize the findings, it is as follows: The conflict struck by the members of the arts corps of national and public cultural and artistic organizations could consist of 1) organizational conflicts (management, administration, operations, etc.) and 2) personal conflicts (artistic preferences, colleagues, etc.). This conflict has been found to provide anegative direction to the feelings of members of the organization. Both organizational conflict and personal emotions were found to have an effect on emotional exhaustion, and emotional exhaustion was found to affect the intention of turnover and job dissatisfaction. In addition, job dissatisfaction was examined to have an effect of the static (+) on the turnover intent, the turnover intent and job dissatisfaction has an effect of the political (+) on the negative transfer. Based on these results, the authors of this study presented effective implications for cultural and artistic marketing.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.825-846
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• 2019

This study aims to identify subgroups of ageism among young adults of age 20-39, and to examine its relationship to perceptions of generational conflict and elderly welfare policy. Latent Profile Analysis(LPA) was applied on the data 'Survey on Age Integration and Generational Integration', which was executed by institute for Age Integration Researchof Ewha Womans university, and descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation analysis were performed to examine the socio-demographic characteristics of each subgroup. Then, regression analysis was performed to observe the effect of the subgroups on the perceptions of generational conflict and elderly welfare policy. The results are as follows. The resulting subgroups of ageism among young adults were 'compound perception on aging and active age discrimination', 'medium-level aging anxiety and passive age discrimination', and 'low-level aging anxiety and beyond age discrimination'. Subgroups of ageism affected both perceptions of generational conflict and elderly welfare policy, whereas social support only affected perception of elderly welfare policy. Based on the results, political implications, such as activation of education on perception on aging, expansion of generational exchange for age integration, and renewal of social atmosphere for intergenerational coexistence, which will promote social integration

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.145-167
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the solidarity types between parents-children and to verify whether the types of solidarity relationships are directly related to life satisfaction of older adults. To achieve this, 2,072 Korean elderlies from proportional stratified sample were participated, and the data was divided into urban and rural area where respondents live in. The Latent Profile Analysis(LPA), multiple regression analysis were mainly used for data analysis. The results of the study were as follows: The major findings are following. Patterns of parental bond among urban and rural elderly were classified into three(urban) and two(rural) patterns. For the effect of each parental bonding pattern on life satisfaction, positive effect of parental bond was found only in urban dwellers. In other words, for older people in rural areas, parental bond did not significantly affected on life satisfaction. However, elderly in rural area showed non-familial factor based relationship, such as social capital(community trust, social cohesion, and social support), was influenced their life satisfaction rather than relationship with children. Finding from the study highlight political and practical implications for improving life satisfaction for the elderly.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.18
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• pp.53-79
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• 2004

This paper explores the relationship between Korean immigrants to the United States and their religious identity from the cultural point of view. Most scholarly studies on Korean immigrants in the United States have been dominated by sociological approach and ethnic studies in examining the social dimension of the Korean immigrant communities while neglecting issues concerning their religious identity and cultural heritage. Most Korean immigrants to America attend Korean churches regardless their religious affiliation before they came to America. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is the fact that Korean church has provided a necessary social service for the newly arrived immigrants. Korean churches have been able to play a key role in the life of Korean immigrants. Korean immigrants, however, have shown a unique aspect regarding their religious identity compared to other immigrants communities in the United States. America is a nation of immigrants, coming from different parts of the world. Each immigrant community has brought their unique cultural heritage and religious persuasion. Asian immigrants, for example, brought their own traditional religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism. People from the Middle Eastern countries brought Islamic faith while European Jews brought the Jewish tradition. In these immigrant communities, religious identity and cultural heritage were homo genously harmonized. Jewish people built synagogue and taught Hebrew, Jewish history, culture, and faith. In this case, synagogue was not only the house of worship for Jews but also the center for learning Jewish history, culture, faith, and language. In short, Jewish cultural history was intimately related to Jewish religious history; for Jewish immigrants, learning their social and political history was indeed identical with leaning of their religious history. The same can be said about the relationship between Indian community and Hinduism. Hindu temples serve as the center of Indian immigrantsin providing the social, cultural, and spiritual functions. Buddhist temples, for that matter, serve the same function to the people from the Asian countries. Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Tibetans, and Thais have brought their respective Buddhist traditions to America and practice and maintain both their religious faith and cultural heritage. Middle Eastern people, for example, have brought Islamic faith to the United States, and Mosques have become the center for learning their language, practicing their faith, and maintaining their cultural heritage. Korean immigrants, unlike any other immigrant group, have brought Christianity, which is not a Korean traditional religion but a Western religion they received in 18th and 19th centuries from the West and America, back to the United States, and church has become the center of their lives in America. In this context, Koreans and Korean-Americans have a unique situation in which they practice Christianity as their religion but try to maintain their non-Christian cultural heritage. For the Korean immigrants, their religious identity and cultural identity are not the same. Although Korean church so far has provides the social and religious functions to fill the need of Korean immigrants, but it may not be able to become the most effective institution to provide and maintain Korean cultural heritage. In this respect, Korean churches must be able to open to traditional Korean religions or the religions of Korean origin to cultivate and nurture Korean cultural heritage.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2014

This study is to explain social capital characteristics of Filipino immigrant women at the level of neighborhood. This research targeted Filipino immigrant women in the metropolis, small town and rural area in Korea to find out the relevance of individual property and characteristics of the community and social capital of neighboring communities- school community, cathedral community, etc- through measurement of the participants' recognition. This study reveals that differences exist in the relationship between length of residence and social capital in the school community and the catholic church community. There is a significant positive relationship between length of residence and political factors in the catholic church community, thereby having a better relationship with longer period of stay, while length of residence and confidence show a negative trend in the school community, leading to less confidence. The catholic church community holds a dominant position in homogeneity, cohesion, and the amount of social capital. According to the findings, social capital 'relation' is more closely related to homogeneity of the community, 'norms' to cohesion. 'Relation and norms' and 'confidence and politics' factors are recognized similarly in both communities, thus resulting in the recognition that decision making within the community, the share of value, and observance of social norms approximate a friendly relationship among members, and satisfaction level, emotional support, and confidence among members approach politics that members can talk about their personal matters. It is noted in the research process that the symbolism of the cathedral community as a transnational circuit behavior occurs where collective culture and personal desires of Filipino immigrant women were combined with production of social capital. Filipino immigrant women's awareness of community and social capital appearing in the cathedral community show that not only residence, along with the cultural identity of Filipino immigrant women, but also collective social and cultural characteristics, such as 'family reunion' can not be overlooked. In particular, at this time when discussion and debate on the interculturalism over multiculturalism is heating up, communal spirit and social capital based on the ethnic identity are important in that they can be a crucial path to the cross-cultural interaction with our society, therefore, a study on the social capital of the ethnic community needs to be encouraged and extended to more diverse communities, to the space of the multilayered scale.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.54
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• pp.9-42
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• 2017

It is as necessary as ever to make constant efforts to overcome the regional strife between the eastern and western parts of Korea and come to a mutual understanding. To achieve this, we must endeavor to correct Korean people's distorted understanding of the history of Korean philosophical thoughts. Ordinary Koreans commonly and mistakenly associate the academic circles of Korean Neo-Confucianism with certain regions by which to divide them into Giho School and Yongnam School and then go as far as associating the schools and parties and pegging them 'Namin'(南人) to refer to as the followers of Yongnam School and 'Seoin'(西人) as the followers of Giho School. Such false notions must be corrected. During the reign of King Seonjo, political factions of Joseon were split into Yongnam and Giho, or East and West. At the time, the two cardinal directions East and West were only used to refer to the eastern and western parts of Seoul, and not Yeongnam(East) and Giho(West) of the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, the factional split at the time has nothing to do with regional cleavages. In fact, a majority of scholars representing Korean Neo-Confucianism maintained a friendly relationship regardless of the school, party, and region. Many leading scholars in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty namely Jo Sik(曺植)/Seong Woon(成運), Lee Hwang(李滉)/Ki DeaSeung(奇大升), Lee Hwang(李滉)/Lee Yi(李珥), Noh Susin (盧守愼)/Lee Yi, the ones in the late Joseon Dynasty -Jeong Gyeong Se(鄭經 世)/Kim Jang-Saeng(金長生), Jeong Gyeong Se(鄭經世)/Song Joon Gil(宋浚吉), and also those at the end of the Joseon Dynasty such as Kwak JongSeok(郭鍾錫) and Kim BokHan(金福漢) deeply respected each other and had a close friendship rooted in their academic commitment. The friendship between the leaders of Giho and Yongnam is a testimony to the high level of their character, academic achievement, and intellect. More than ever, such intangible intellectual and cultural resources drawn from Korean tradition must be utilized to the fullest. From this point on, we need to further promote the friendship and mutual understanding the scholars of Yongnam(Gyeongsang-do), Gyeonggi, Honam (Jeolla-do), and Hoseo(Chungcheong-do) enjoyed, and use them as a cognitive basis for harmony between the eastern and western parts of the country. These invaluable assets can be specifically used in the promotion of exchange between the local autonomous governments of the regions where above-mentioned scholars built an amicable relationship, joint commemorative events, exchange between families of the scholars of both regions, opening of special exhibitions dedicated to the harmony between Yongnam and Giho at museums in the two regions, co-organization of local festivals, joint operation of culture programs, and relationship and exchange between the 'seowons' in both regions, through which to promote the long history of exchange between the scholars of the past and utilize it in joint projects.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.149-164
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• 2023

Today, when innovation and creativity become increasingly important, management of human resources is a key factor for corporate performance and competitive advantage. Corporate are implementing and introducing various types of support methods for members to achieve goals and improve organizational performance. Organizational culture and organizational trust affect the cognitive and emotional state of members. Furthermore, it can bring about changes in organizational performance such as job stress and job satisfaction. From an institutional point of view, work-life balance is also a major factor affecting organizational performance. The imbalance between work and life leads to a decline in organizational performance, such as decreased morale and dissatisfaction with work. In relation to work-life balance, the low birth rate problem intensified and the importance began to emerge. Therefore, the government has implemented various policy support for workers' work-life balance, and the "52-hour workweek" is a representative example. This study analyzed the effect of organizational culture applying the competitive value model on workers' job stress. In addition, the mediating effects of overtime work per week and organizational trust were analyzed. Job stress corresponds to a prerequisite stage that affects job commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. However, research measuring job stress by organizational performance is insufficient. In addition, there are few studies analyzing the relationship between overtime and organizational performance. Considering this, it is necessary to understand the influence relationship. The results of the study are as follows. First, a hierarchical culture increases the job stress of workers. On the other hand, innovation-oriented, relationship-oriented, and competition-oriented corporate culture reduce job stress. Second, a hierarchical culture has reduced trust in the organization, and other organizational cultures have increased trust in the organization. Third, relationship-oriented and competition-oriented organizational culture reduced overtime. Innovation-oriented, hierarchical-oriented culture increased overtime Fourth, organizational trust and overtime have the effect of mediating organizational culture and job stress. Based on these analysis results, this study presented academic and political implications.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.869-895
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• 2000

The US supports the Information and Communication (IC) industry as a strategic one to wield a complete power over the World Market. However, several other countries are also eager to have the support for the IC industry because the industry produces a high added value and has a significant effect on other industries. Korea is not an exception. Korea recently succeeded in the commercialization of CDMA for the first time in the world, after the successful development of TDX. Hence, it is highly likely to get tracked by the US. Although the IC industry is a specific sector of IT, there is a concern that there might be a trade friction between the US and Korea due to a possible competition. It will be very important to prepare a solution in advance so that Korea could prevent the friction and at the same time increase its share domestically and globally. It will be our important task to solve the problem with the minimum cost if the conflict arises unfortunately in the IT area. The parties that have a strong influence on the US trade policy are the think tank group and the IT-related interest group. Therefore, it would be important to have a close relationship with them. We found some implications by analyzing the case of Japan, which has experienced trade frictions with the US over the long period of time in the high tech industry. In order to get rid of those conflicts with the US, the Japanese did the following things : (1) The Japanese government developed supporting theories and also resorted to international support so that the world could support the Japanese theories. (2) Through continual dialogue with the US business people, the Japanese business people sought after solutions to share profits among the Japanese and the US both in the domestic and in the worldwide markets. They focused on lobbying activities to influence the US public opinion to support the Japanese. The specific implementation plan was first to open culture lobby toward opinion leaders who were leaders about the US opinion. The institution, Japan Society, were formed to deliver a high quality lobbying activities. The second plan is economic lobby. They have established Japanese Economic Institute at Washington. They provide information about Japan regularly or irregularly to the US government, research institution, universities, etc., that are interested in Japan. The main objective behind these activities though is to advertise the validity of Japanese policy. Japanese top executives, practical interest groups on international trade, are trying to justify their position by direct contact with the US policy makers. The third one is political lobby. Japan is very careful about this political lobby. It is doing its best not to give impression that Japan is trying to shape the US policy making. It is collecting a vast amount of information to make a correct judgment on situation. It is not tilted toward one political party or the other, and is rather developing a long-term network of people who understand and support the Japanese policy. The following implications were drawn from the experience of Japan. First, the Korean government should develop a long-term plan and execute it to improve the Korean image perceived by American people. Second, the Korean government should begin public relation activities toward the US elite group. It is inevitable to make an effort to advertise Korea to this elite group because this group leads public opinion in the USA. Third, the Korean government needs the development of a relevant policy to elevate the positive atmosphere for advertising toward the US. For example, we need information about to whom and how to about lobbying activities, personnel network who immediately respond to wrong articles about Korea in the US press, and lastly the most recent data bank of Korean support group inside the USA. Fourth, the Korean government should create an atmosphere to facilitate the advertising toward the US. Examples include provision of incentives in tax on the expenses for the advertising toward the US and provision of rewards to those who significantly contribute to the advertising activities. Fifth, the Korean government should perform the role of a bridge between Korean and the US business people. Sixth, the government should promptly analyze the policy of IT industry, a strategic area, and timely distribute information to industries in Korea. Since the Korean government is the only institution that has formal contact with the US government, it is highly likely to provide information of a high quality. The followings are some implications for business institutions. First, Korean business organization should carefully analyze and observe the business policy and managerial conditions of US companies. It is very important to do so because all the trade frictions arise at the business level. Second, it is also very important that the top management of Korean firms contact the opinion leaders of the US. Third, it is critically needed that Korean business people sent to the USA do their part for PR activities. Fourth, it is very important to advertise to American employees in Korean companies. If we cannot convince our American employees, it would be a lot harder to convince regular American. Therefore, it is very important to make the American employees the support group for Korean ways. Fifth, it should try to get much information as early as possible about the US firms policy in the IT area. It should give an enormous effort on early collection of information because by doing so it has more time to respond. Sixth, it should research on the PR cases of foreign enterprise or non-American companies inside the USA. The research needs to identify the success factors and the failure factors. Finally, the business firm will get more valuable information if it analyzes and responds to, according to each medium.