• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2013

폴리글리세롤에스터 유화제를 이용한 에멀젼의 입자상태 및 시간의 변화에 따른 안정성을 여러 가지 오일을 이용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 오일의 종류에 따라 입자크기 및 안정성에 있어서 다소의 차이가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 폴리글리세롤 에스터로 유화된 가장 안정한 오일은 polar 오일인 실리콘계열과 지방산에스터 오일이고, 탄화수소계열의 nonpolar오일(Mineral oil, squalane, polydecene) 등이 유화에 있어서 가장 불안한 상태를 보였다. 식물성오일도 폴리글리세릴 에스터 유화제와는 안정한 형태의 입자형성을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2000

Deep-fat frying is a common cooking practice. There has been considerable concern regarding the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of thermally oxidized oils. Studies on deep-fried foods so far have revealed not much on the mutagenicity of the oils in the foods. Therefore, in the present study, it was attempted to investigate the mutagenicity ofthe thermally oxidized safflower oil. Oil was heated in a home-fryer at a temperature of 180$\pm$3$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. Oil samples were taken at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 hours of heating, respectively. Each sample was used to study the changes in peroxide value (POV), acid value (AV), iodine value (IV), conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) content, %, and fatty acid composition. Another series of samples were fractionated into non-polar and polar fractions by column chromatography. The mutagenicity of the samples taken from the thermally oxidized oils, as well as the non-polar and polar fractions of the thermally oxidized oils, was investigated with the Ames test. The Ames test was carried out with and without metabolic activation. Bacterial tester strains used in the present study were the histidine auxotrophic strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535 and TA102 were used for the detection of base pair mutations, and TA98 and TA1537 for frame shift mutations. Each series of samples was dissolved in tetraphydrofuran (inhibitor-free) and tested at doses ranging from 0.05 to 5 mg/plate. None of the oil samples taken during the 48 hour oxidation period showed any mugagenic activity. This was the case, even after the activaton with 59 mix. Also, none of the polar and non-polar fractions showed any mutagenic activity on all the strains tested.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.318-322
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• 1994

Aluminium alloy, comprising water, silicone manganese and porous aluminium carrier added into soybean oil in order to investigated its effect on polar lipid content, polymer content, conjugated dienoic acid and free fatty acid value during deep-fat frying at 185$^{\circ}C$. Increase rates of polar lipid and polymer content of the frying ell were reduced about one thirds of the oil without aluminium alloy during deep-fat frying. The aluminium alloy, however, have no significantly effect to inhibit the increase of conjugated dienoic acid and free fatty acid value. Treatment of the frying oil with aluminium alloy was found to be able to inhibit polymer and polar lipid formation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2019

Conventional extraction of oil and azadirachtin, a botanical insecticide, from Azadirachta indica involves defatting the seeds and leaves using hexane followed by azadirachtin extraction with a polar solvent. In order to simplify the process while maintaining the yield we explored a binary extraction approach using Soxhlet extraction device and hexane and ethanol as non-polar and polar solvents at various ratios and extraction times. The highest oil and azadirachtin yields were obtained at 6 h extraction time using a 50:50 solvent mixture for both neem leaves (44.7 wt%, $720mg_{Aza}/kg_{leaves}$) and seeds (53.5 wt%, $1045mg_{Aza}/kg_{leaves}$), respectively.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2001

Environmentally adapted synthetic base oils of polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) and polyol esters (POEs) show a high polarity because of their functional groups containing oxygen atom. The lubricating performance of these polar base oils was investigated by using a four-ball tribometer under boundary lubrication condition. Four polyalkylene glycols and five polyol ester base oils were used as sample base oils of high polarity. A mineral oil (MO) and alkylnaphthalene (AN) were used as low polarity base oils. Tricrecylphosphate (TCP) was added to all the base oils, in the range of 10 mmol/L-2000 mmol/L, as an antiwear additive. All the TCP-for-mutated base oils showed optimum concentration characteristics for minimizing wear. The order of optimum concentration of all the base oils was in a good accordance with the order of relative stability of TCP in base oils. The interaction model on solvation between additive and different polar base oils can expect the stability order of TCP. Thus, the model on solvation can explain well the order of optimum concentration of all the base oils, by using the effect of polarity (dielectric constant, $\varepsilon$) and molecular size (molecular weight, MW) of them on stability of TCP in polar base oils. Finally, a good correlation of the optimum concentration for all the base oils was obtained when it was arranged as a function of C∝(M $W_{Base Oil}$/M $W_{TCP}$)$^{-2}$.71/.($\varepsilon$$_{Base Oil}$)$^{3.38}$ by these two parameters.s..

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2001

The Arctic consists of numerous sedimentary basins containing voluminous natural resources and two of the world's major oil and gas producing areas. The western Siberia Basin in the Arctic region has the largest petroliferous province with an area of 800 ${\times}$ 1,200 km and produces more than 60% of total Russian oil production. The North Slope of Alaska produces about 20% of the U.S. output, i.e., 11% of the total U.S. consumption. Being small compared to those regions, the Canadian Northwest Territories and the Pechora Basin in Russia produce only fair amount of oil and natural gas. There are also many promising areas in the northern continental shelf of Russia. In addition to Russia, Svalbard and Greenland have been investigated for oil and gas. Gas hydrates are widespread in both permafrost regions and arctic continental shelf areas. The reserves of gas hydrates in the Arctic Ocean are about 20${\sim}$32% of total estimated amounts of gas hydrates in the world ocean. Mineral mining is well developed, especially in Russia. The major centers are located around the Kuznetsk Basin and Noril'sk. They are major suppliers of gold, tin, nickel, copper, platinum, cobalt, iron ore, coal as well as apatite. There are also some minings of lead-zinc in Alaska and Arctic Canada.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1990

튀김유의 품질평가 방법으로서 high performance size exclusion chromatography를 이용하여 이중체, 다중체 등의 중합체를 보다 신속하게 분리할 수 있었다. 단일체 triglyceride는 가열시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타났으나, 복합처리제를 처리한 처리구의 경우에는 감소속도가 현저히 늦어지는 경향을 나타냈다. 단일체 triglyceride와 극성지질 함량사이에는 좋은 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 회기직선의 기울기에 있어서는 처리구와 대조구 모두 거의 같은 경향을 나타났다. 이러한 방법에 의하면, 단일체 중성지질 함량이 71% 이하로 저하된 튀김유는 폐기되어야 하며, 이 값은 극성지질 함량 27%에 대응하는 측정값이다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.160-164
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• 1993

The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts from defatted perilla flour was investigated by measuring peroxide value of perilla oil during storage at $45^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts was also compared with BHA, BHT and tocopherol. Anti-oxidant activity of ethanol extracts was also examined in corn oil and lard. The ethanol extracts contents of defatted perilla flour and the original perilla seed were 7.69 and 4.56% respectively. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts was superior to that of 0.02% BHT, BHA and tocopherol in the perilla oil substrate, merely in concentration of one-twentieth as much as that contained in original perilla oil seeds. The fractions of non-polar solvent (hexane and chloroform) obtained from silicic acid column chromatography are less effective than that of polar solvent as an antioxidant. Antioxidant activity of partially purified ethanol fraction is slightly inferior to that of original crude ethanol extracts. Ethanol extracts were also effective in corn oil and lard almost same as in perilla oil. The total phenolic compound contents of crude ethanol extracts and partially purified ethanol fraction were 9.3, 6.4%, respectively.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

Various single solvents were tested to find the effective solvent for the extraction of algae oil from wet-form Chlorella minutissima. In the case of single solvents, their extractabilities for algae oil were increased with their polarity because the water in wet algae cell is to form a solvent shell around the lipids. Based on these results, the wet-form algae samples were treated with a polar alcohol solvent and then a nonpolar solvent was added in algae residue. In the algae oil extraction by ethanol/n-hexane, total lipid contents were 40-50% and composition of triglyceride in extracted oil was 46.50%. Considering solvent toxicity of conventional solvent mixture such as chloroform and methanol for algae oil extraction, the ethanol/n-hexane system was identified as the effective one for the oil extraction from wet-form Chlorella minutissima.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2012

CNT 센서는 산가와의 연계성이 $R^2$>0.96으로 산가의 화학적 측정방법을 대체할 수 있는 유지의 산패도 측정기기로서 적합할 것으로 기대된다. 현재 유탕유의 품질에 대한 국내 법적 기준은 산가와 과산화물가를 기준으로 하고 있지만 일부 유럽국가의 기준인 polar-compounds 25%내외의 규정에 비하여 유지의 상태를 판별하는 데에 변화요구 가능성이 있어 국내규정에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 실험결과에서 산가와 CNT센서, 산가와 polar-compounds간의 높은 연관성을 확인하였으므로, CNT센서를 산가 뿐만 아니라, polar-compounds 측정법을 대신할 수 있는 장치로서 개발도 가능할 것이다. 다만, 식용오일마다 구성성분과 함량이 다르므로 보다 정밀한 유지의 산패도 측정이 가능하기 위해서는 식용유지의 종류별로 데이터베이스를 구축하는 것이 필요하다.