• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2019

The development of science and transportation technology leads to the increase of inter - city networks that play an important role in urban growth. Overall, numerous studies based on network theory pay attention to positive effects of urban network on urban growth. However, some studies have pointed out the negative effects of inter-city interactions such as straw effects. This implies that the network between cities may not be positively correlated with urban growth, and that the direction of the influence may vary from a certain threshold, such as the marginal utility curve. In this context, the purpose of this study is to measure the impacts of network with central city on urban growth in the capital region and examine the relationship between urban network and growth. Two multiple regression models are employed with changes in population and employment as dependent variables. The urban network index and other control variables are used as independent variables. Especially, the urban network indexes are used in quadratic forms to examine non linear relations with urban growth such U-shape or an inverted U-shape. The results show that the relationships between networks with the central city and urban growth are not a simple linear, and the influence can be changed from the critical point.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.21-36
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the enterprise's score index calculated from atypical data and corrected data. Research design, data, and methodology: In this study, news articles which are non-financial information but qualitative data were collected from 2,432 SMEs that has been extracted "square proportional stratification" out of 18,910 enterprises with fixed data and compared/analyzed each enterprise's score index through text mining analysis methodology. Result: The analysis showed that qualitative data can be quantitatively evaluated by region, industry and period by collecting news from SMEs, and that there are concerns that it could be an element of alternative credit evaluation. Conclusion: News data cannot be collected even if one of the small businesses is self-employed or small businesses has little or no news coverage. Data normalization or standardization should be considered to overcome the difference in scores due to the amount of reference. Furthermore, since keyword sentiment analysis may have different results depending on the researcher's point of view, it is also necessary to consider deep learning sentiment analysis, which is conducted by sentence.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.53
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• pp.47-69
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• 2020

This paper aims to understand the agents which have an impact upon artists' career development. By critically exploring previous research, this article conceptualizes the roles of intermediaries such as art schools, galleries, critics, and collectors in influencing the careers for artists. The qualitative case study is conducted by selecting KAWS as an intrinsic case. This study collects secondary data about the career trajectory of KAWS by various sources, which are analyzed according to the conceptual framework. The outcome of this research clarifies previous research from a sociological point of view in which highlights the significant importance of the art world's gallery, critics, media and collectors in developing the artist's career. In this paper, more importantly, the public attention to artists is construed as one of the agents influencing the career development of artists.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.53-61
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• 2022

As society evolves, people are making more of an effort to learn more about human aspects, one of which is emotional intelligence, a topic on which education experts have traditionally concentrated. This is due to the fact that emotional intelligence has a significant impact on how people think and manage their emotions. On the other side, it promotes the development of expressive ability and aids people in better adapting to life. This study explores the relationship between communication skills, leadership skills, stress management, adaptability, and emotional intelligence of FPT University students to determine the factors that affect students' emotional intelligence. To survey 500 FPT University students, this study used a sample size of 500. Previous studies used a 5-point Likert scale to assess the four skill elements. According to the results, students who completed the survey showed adequate communication skills, leadership qualities, stress management, adaptability, and emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is influenced by communication skills, leadership abilities, stress management, and flexibility. This suggests that students who master these four skills have higher levels of emotional intelligence. The outcomes of this study reveal that students have been conscious of Emotional Intelligence since a young age. The affirmations in this research paper will benefit students and young people interested in enhancing complimentary soft skills that boost Emotional Intelligence.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.507-518
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• 2022

This study aimed to measure the monetary and non-monetary effects on brand awareness at hypermarkets in Riyadh. The independent variable consists of three sub-variables: price reductions, free samples, and purchasing vouchers. The research population has all Saudi and non-Saudi buyers in Riyadh. The figures show that the population size reached 3.87 million in 2019. The proportional stratification sampling technique and the recommended sample size were 387 buyers. The five-point Likert scale with the fully structured questionnaire was used. The study concldes the effect of free samples on brand awareness while there was no effect of monetary instruments. The results show that the three sales promotion incentives (price reduction, free samples, and purchasing vouchers) moderately affected brand awareness and a key role in explaining consumer behavior, so the significant impact was proved. In summary, this study showed that price reductions have the power of creating the perception of buyers at hypermarkets in Riyadh. Non-cash instruments were more effective than cash instruments in enhancing brand awareness at the hypermarkets in the Saudi market. So, the price reductions and purchasing vouchers have less power in conducting communication-based awareness. Building awareness and improving brand image through free samples were most visible in communication strategy.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1103-1117
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• 2012

This paper focuses on eighteenth-century English pastor, poet, and hymnist, Isaac Watts (1674-1748), a significant yet neglected nonconformist dissenter, who defines a public religion and transforms poetry as a new literary political genre. During England's post-Revolutionary religio-political turmoil, Watts's poem, "The Hurry of the Spirits, in a Fever and Nervous Disorders" (1734), deliberately engages in a methodical refusal to settle upon a single system of images or terms for describing or referring to the speaker's identity or situation. Watts's, literal and metaphoric, refusal to identify with one religio-political approach to nonconformist dissent has been the very point of criticism that not only undermines the poet's monumental work on hymns but also the lasting impact that the poet had upon England's national consciousness. This study, therefore, questions why the poet refuses to choose one ideal path in his pursuit for religious freedom and, further, analyzes how the hymn writer defends his demotic aesthetics. This paper investigates Watts's comprehensive and detailed formulation of what a secularized "social religion" should entail and, further, explores its beneficial role in the pursuit for society's peace. In contrast to Milton's apocalyptic vengeance, Watts's nonconformist goal seeks to balance and locate authority in the individual with the ancient ideal of a "sacred order" that is represented in "The Hurry of the Spirits" through the means of poetic imagination.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2001

The spatial distribution characteristics of airborbe mercury(Hg) were investigated used its concentration data from six measurement sites selected to represent:(1) three terminal sites with heavy traffic loads in urban area, (2) one urban residential site and (3) two mountainous sites in Korea. The measurement data obtained during September 1997 through May 1998 indicated that the mean concentration of Hg from different study sites were comparably high with the mean values spanning from 5-9ng./㎥. The concentration from all those sites were systmatically high compared to those of most background sites around world or to other Korean sites investigaed previously. When results of correlation analysis between Hg and relevant parameters were compared among different study sites. temperature was most frequently found out to be in strong correlation with Hg concentrations. Results of factor analysis also indicated that Hg concentrations could be affected simultaneously by th factors affecting such parameters as ozone, temperature, ozone, carbon monoxide, and PM. The findings of enhanced Hg levels from Ji-Ri Mountain relative to terminal site suggest that is distributions may be rather homogeneous not enough to clearly distinguish areal differences and the associated source signatures between urban and rural area. The existence of systmatically high concentrations from all investigated sites also indicate that the impact of its source processes should be quite ubiquitous, while highly variable in relatively long term scale.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.481-488
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• 1988

In the analysis of impulsive response of plate, Lagrange's theory, Reissner's theory and Mindlin's theory are generally used. But, in applying these theories the impulsive stresses directly underneath the concentrated impact point cannot be analyzed because the solution fails to converge. In this paper, therefore, an attempt for a supported square plate is made by using three-dimensional dynamic theory of elasticity on the supposition that the uniform distributed load acts on the central part of it. In order to clarify the validity of theoretical analysis, the strain variations are measured experimentally for a square glass plate. Finally it is shown that these theoretical results are in close agreement with the experimental results.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.2076-2082
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• 2003

A cross-flow fan is widely used on many industrial fields: mining industry, automobile and home appliances, etc. The design point of the cross-flow fan is generally based on the region within low static pressure and high flow rate. It relatively makes high dynamic pressure at low speed because a working fluid passes through an impeller blade twice. However, it has low static pressure efficiency between 30% and 40% because of relative high impact loss. Recently, in the air-conditioning systems, the operating behaviors at the off-design points are highly regarded to broaden the application area for various air-cooling loads. Especially, at the lower flow rate, there exists a rapid pressure head reduction, a noise increase and an irregular flow field against a rearguider as a scroll of centrifugal fan. Numerical analyses are carried out for investigating the flow characteristics in a cross-flow fan including the impeller, the rearguider and the stabilizer. Especially, various types of rearguiders are estimated by numerical and experimental methods to insure the stable operation in the region of lower flow rate. Numerical domains are discretized by hexahedral cells. Three-dimensional, unsteady governing equations are solved using FVM, PISO algorithm, sliding grid system and standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. ASHRAE standard fan tester is also used to estimate the performance of the modeled crossflow fan.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.877-887
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• 2015

Rapid development of cities with constant increasing load and deregulation in electricity market had forced the transmission lines to operate near their threshold capacity and can easily lead to voltage instability and caused system breakdown. To prevent such catastrophe from happening, accurate readings of voltage stability condition is required so that preventive equipment and operators can execute security procedures to restore system condition to normal. This paper introduced Enhanced Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to estimate the voltage stability condition which utilized Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) to indicate how far or close is the power system network to the collapse point when the reactive load in the system increases because reactive load gives the highest impact to the stability of the system as it varies. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) had been combined with the ANN to form the Enhanced Hybrid PSO-ANN (EHPSO-ANN) algorithm that worked accurately as a prediction algorithm. The proposed algorithm reduced serious local minima convergence of ANN but also maintaining the fast convergence speed of PSO. The results show that the hybrid algorithm has greater prediction accuracy than those comparing algorithms. High generalization ability was found in the proposed algorithm.