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The Effect of pH on the Condensation Reaction of Benzaldehyde and Semicarbazide (Benzaldehyde와 Semicarbazide의 결합에 미치는 pH치의 영향)

  • 이길상;김인자
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.5-7
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    • 1962
  • Like the condensation reaction of general aldehyde, that of benzaldehyde with semicarbazide also depends upon the concentration of carbonium ion that is produced by hydrogen ion. The lower pH value is the facility of the formation of carbonium ion in the condensation reaction, while the reactivity of semicarbazide as a reactant is reduced. In this paper, therefore we want to find out the optimum pH value in the condensation reaction of benzaldehyde with semicarbazide. This optimum pH value was determined by using the simple paper-chromatographic method. According to the result of this experiment, the condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and semicarbazide reacts with its highest point at 3.5pH value. It seems clear that at this point the benzaldehyde acquires the most suitable amount of carbonium ion for the condensation reaction with semicarbazide, and the semicarbazide also has the optimum reactivity.

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FIXED POINT THEOREMS ON GENERALIZED CONVEX SPACES

  • Kim, Hoon-Joo
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.491-502
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    • 1998
  • We obtain new fixed point theorems on maps defined on "locally G-convex" subsets of a generalized convex spaces. Our first theorem is a Schauder-Tychonoff type generalization of the Brouwer fixed point theorem for a G-convex space, and the second main result is a fixed point theorem for the Kakutani maps. Our results extend many known generalizations of the Brouwer theorem, and are based on the Knaster-Kuratowski-Mazurkiewicz theorem. From these results, we deduce new results on collectively fixed points, intersection theorems for sets with convex sections and quasi-equilibrium theorems.

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A Study on Optimal Power Flow Using Interior Point Method (Interior Point Method를 이용한 최적조류계산 알고리듬 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Kim Balho H.
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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    • v.54 no.9
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    • pp.457-460
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    • 2005
  • This paper proposes a new Interior Point Method algorithm to improve the computation speed and solution stability, which have been challenging problems for employing the nonlinear Optimal Power Flow. The proposed algorithm is different from the tradition Interior Point Methods in that it adopts the Predictor-Corrector Method. It also accommodates the five minute dispatch, which is highly recommenced in modern electricity market. Finally, the efficiency and applicability of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated with a case study.

Vision-based Real-time Velocity Detection Method (비젼 베이스 실시간 속도 검출 방법)

  • Kim Beom-Seok;Park Sung-Il;Ko Young-Hyuk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.301-304
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    • 2006
  • As is different from formerly used fixing camera method in this paper, proposed method that can measure the speed of vehicles and logarithm of vehicles in video. Vehicles that proposed method runs with 50km/h, 80km/h, 90km/h's the speed recording on Video Tape beginning point and time of reaching point draw, and calculated 47.57km/h, 81.20km/h, the 90.00km/h speed by time and distance, the tracking cars and the velocity detection in video with the 'begin-line mark' and the 'end-line mark' processing.

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Effect of Electroacupuncture Applied to the Won Point and Rak Point in the Rat Model of Ankle Sprain Pain (원락(原絡) 배혈(配穴) 전침 자극이 백서의 족과 염좌(捻挫) 통증에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Kim, Sun-Young;Koo, Sung-Tae;Kim, Kyoung-Sik;Sohn, In-Cheul
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.7-21
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    • 2005
  • Objectives : In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to SI6 and won-rak point on the ankle sprain model was examined. A common source of persistent pain in humans is the lateral ankle sprain. Methods : To model this condition, the rat's right ankle was bent repeatedly, overextending lateral ligaments, for 4 min under enflurane anesthesia. The rat subsequently showed swelling of the ankle and a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for the next several days. The reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful ankle. EA was applied to the several acupuncture point on the contralateral forelimb for 30 min under gaseous anesthesia. After the termination of EA, behavioral tests measuring stepping force and Paw volume were Periodically conducted during the next 4 h and 18 h respectively. Results : EA applied to $SI_6$ with won-rak point produced more powerful improvement of stepping force of the sprained foot than to $SI_6$ alone lasting for at least 4 h. However, neigher $KI_4$ point nor $BL_{64}$ point produced any significant increase of weight bearing force. The improvement of stepping pressure was interpreted as an analgesic effect. The analgesic effect was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effort on the ankle sprain pain model could not be mimicked by EA applied to $KI_4$ or $BL_{64}$. In addition, EA applied to $SI_6$ with won-rak combination point showed inhibitory effect on the paw edema induced by ankle sprain. Also, COX-2 protein expression increased by ankle sprain were suppressed by the EA stimulation. Conclusion : These data suggest that EA with won-rak combination point produces a more potent analgesic effect on the ankle sprain pain model in the rat and that EA with won-rak combination point induced anti-inflammatory effect through the suppression of COX-2 protein expression.

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The Development and Evaluation of OMM(On the Machine Measuring) System Using Scanning Probe (Scanning Probe를 이용한 OMM(On the Machine Measuring) 시스템 개발 및 평가)

  • Kim, S.H.;Kim, I.H.
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.13 no.10
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    • pp.71-77
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    • 1996
  • This paper describes the development of on the machine measuring(OMM) system which can directlry measure the three dimensional machined dimensilnal accuracy using scanning probe in milling machine. Two algolithms, continuous path(CP) measurement using UC program and CAD data assisted point to point(PTP) measurement, were developed regarding specification of scanning probe. The OMM system was contructed to verify the developed system suing the proposed algorithm, and actually measured three kinds of machined TV shadow mask molds. The developed system was evaluated it's repeatability and compared with the current measurement system of CMM(Coording Measuring Machine) in terms of relative accuracy and time reduction and productivity increase.

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Experimental Study on the Effect of Velocity gradient on Propagation speed of Ttribrachial flame in Laminar Coflow Jets (삼지화염의 전파속도에 대한 속도구배의 영향에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Kim, M.K.;Won, S.H.;Chung, S.H.;Fujita, O.
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.10a
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    • pp.221-228
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    • 2005
  • The tribrachial flame in laminar coflow jet has been investigated experimentally with unsteady propagating condition. In this experiment, we found that the tribrachial point has an angle of flame surface because the location of tribrachial point is not on the base point of flame but on the inclined surface of flame. This angle of Flame surface at tribrachial point are increasing when the flame is approaching to the nozzle exit. With considering this angle of flame surface, the radial velocity gradient can affect flame propagation speed by increasing flow-stretch effect. The propagation speed of tribrachial flame was calculated with including above stretch effect. The speed decreases with increasing velocity gradient due to the increment of stretch effect.

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