• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.59-72
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• 2000

Vocal tract resonances are of paramount importance to voice sounds. Resonance frequencies determine vowel quality and the personal voice timber. The aim of this study was to make an effective diction program according to tuning formant frequencies by adjusting the vocal tract shape in professional voice users. Twelve male student singers and eleven female student singers participated in this study. The subjects repeated five simple vowels /a, e, i, o, u/ in normal speech and singing. The spoken vowels and sung vowels were measured by formant frequencies and the singer's formant frequencies using CSL and DSP Sona-Graph. Separately, Plot formants program was used to draw the vowel chart. The results were as follows. (1) Total formant frequencies of female singers were 11% higher than those of males singers in singing. (2) The F1 and F3 of sung vowels increased compared to F1 and F3 spoken vowels. However, The F2 of sung vowels decreased in comparison with F2 of spoken vowels. (3) Posterior vowel /u/ were moved anteriorly. This phenomenon seemed to be due to head voice singing training. (4) Singer's formant frequencies in student singers appeared according to the part: 2560 Hz for baritone, 2760 Hz for Tenor, 2821 Hz for Mezzo soprano and 3420 Hz for soprano.

• MALSORI
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• no.44
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• pp.15-32
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the production of English vowels by native speakers of Korean. In the production test, two English speakers and four native Korean speakers served as subjects. The four native Korean speakers were divided into two groups, experienced and inexperienced. Native English speakers generally showed significant differences both in vowel duration and in F1 & F2 values between members of vowel pairs which are of special interest of this study: /i/l vs. /I/, /$\varepsilon$/ vs. /${\ae}$/, and /u/ vs. /$\mho$/. The overall results showed that the experienced group produced more accurate results in vowel duration, F1, and F2 values.