• 공연문화연구
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• 제43호
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• pp.357-380
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• 2021

『악장요람(樂章要覽)』은 악장의 요람, 즉 악장 중에서 중요한 내용만 뽑아 간추려 놓은 책이라는 의미이다. 전반부에는 악장(樂章)이, 후반부에는 악보(樂譜)가 배치되어 있는데, 이렇게 이원화된 체재는 정조대에 구축된 것이다. 필체와 수록된 가사의 작성된 시기를 통해 『악장요람』은 1809년 즈음에 작성된 후에도 세 차례에 걸쳐 수정된 것으로 보인다. 즉, 총 네 단계를 거쳐 현재의 모습으로 전해지게 된 것이라 하겠다. 다양한 필체와 수정한 흔적이 남아있다는 사실은 곧 여러 사람의 손을 거쳤음을 의미하니, 『악장요람』의 표지 뒷면에 여러 자취가 남은 것도 이와 무관하지 않다. 전반부의 악장은 제례 절차를 기준으로 그에 수반되는 악곡명과 가사를 제시하는 방식이며, 특히 노랫말을 한문과 한글음으로 병기함으로써 가독성을 높였다. 후반부의 악보는 제례 절차를 준수하되 중복되는 선율을 과감하게 생략하여 음악을 기준으로 구성하였고, 율명·한문가사·가야금과 거문고의 격도지법·점('∙', '·')과 같은 기호를 사용하여 궁중음악을 담아냈다. 이러한 구도는 제례의 구조 이해와 제례의 의미를 글로 담아 놓은 악장을 숙지하는 것을 최우선으로 삼고, 한문과 병기된 한글음을 보면서 정확하게 노랫말을 익히게 하려는 의도가 반영된 형태라고 하겠다. 의식 절차와 딕션을 선행한 후 전체적으로 음악과 조화를 이루기 위해 연습했던 방향성이 악장과 악보를 수록하는 방식에 투영된 셈이다. 이러한 수록 방식은 악인의 음악교육과 음악연습의 효율성을 높이는 장치였다. 수록곡들의 특징은 우방(右坊)의 향악기 전공자로써 익혀야 할 필수악곡으로 구성되었다는 점이다. 아울러 『악장요람』의 표지 뒷면에서 김형식(金亨植)이라는 이름이 주목되니, 순조대에 효명세자가 기획한 궁중연향에서 무동(舞童)과 대금차비(大笒差備)로 활약했던 그의 이력을 통해 우방의 향악기 전공자였음을 알 수 있다. 즉 『악장요람』의 수록곡은 김형식과 같은 우방의 향악기 전공자들이 평소에 연습하고 현장에서 연주하던 핵심 레퍼토리로 이루어진 것이다. 『악장요람』은 궁중악인의 일상이 담긴 '음악 연습 책자'였던 셈이다. 요컨대 『악장요람』은 주요 의례에서 노랫말을 정확하게 발음하면서 가창할 수 있게 악인을 교습시키려는 목적으로 고안된 책자로, 정조의 아이디어로 '악장+가보(歌譜)'의 체계를 갖출 수 있었으며, 순조대에 효명세자가 창작한 정재를 공연했던 무동으로 맹활약한 김형식이 소장자였다는 점에서 더욱 주목된다. 우방의 향악기 전공자이기도 했던 악공 김형식의 이름이 남아있는 데에다 이후 여러 악인들이 시대의 변화를 투영하여 수정하면서 활용했다는 실용성에서, 궁중음악을 전승하기 위해 지난한 과정과 시간을 보냈던 궁중 악인의 노정이 담겨있다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2013

본 연구는 '치유의 숲'이라고 하는 공간 내에서 통합 의학적 헬스 케어, 산림치유 프로그램의 진행과 보완대체요법을 적용한 치유활동을 실현하고 발전시키는 데 있다. 이에 핵심적 역할을 담당할 가칭 '산림치유 지도사' 전문 인력을 양성하기 위해서 다양한 항목의 치유프로그램을 개발하여 보급해야 한다. 이를 위해 치유활동을 담당할 산림치유 지도사가 양성되어야 할 것이다. 이에 산림학 분야의 관련 깊은 교수 및 전문가들과 보건의료 및 보완대체요법 관련 전문가 20명을 대상으로 델파이 검사방법을 통해 교육과정에 대한 의견을 수렴하였다. 전문적인 산림학 및 의학 기초지식과 치유능력을 갖춘 산림치유 지도사를 양성하기 위한 교육대상, 이수범위, 자격취득과정, 교육목표와 교육과정 및 운영안을 만들었으며, 이를 바탕으로 교육방법과 평가방법을 만들었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

광대역 네트워크의 발달과 함께 멀티미디어 산업의 발달은 IPTV와 같은 디지털 콘텐츠 시장의 확산을 가져오고 있다. 이러한 배경 속에서 멀티미디어에 대한 욕구를 만족시키기 위해 Time-Shift 시스템이 개발되었다. 이 시스템은 시간(Time)에 대한 독립적 특성만 강조되었기 때문에 장소(Place)와 상황(Occasion)에 대해서는 독립적이지 못하다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 휴대용 멀티미디어 디바이스를 위한 TPO(Time, Place, Occasion)-Shift 시스템에 대한 설계를 제안한다. 휴대용 멀티미디어 디바이스에서 지원 가능한 프로파일과 일반 셋탑박스에서 지원 가능한 프로파일은 다르고, 휴대용 디바이스에서는 대용량의 멀티미디어 데이터를 무한정으로 저장할 수 없기 때문에 한정된 양의 데이터를 원하는 프로파일로 계속저장하는 것이 설계의 핵심이다. 따라서 보다 효율적인 버퍼 관리를 위해서 지정시간 단위의 바스켓을 구성하고, 바스켓의 파일이름에 시간정보를 삽입함으로써 새로운 콘텐츠 구성을 위한 DTS(Decoding Time Stamp) 정보로 파일이름을 사용할 수 있다. 따라서 트랜스코딩을 통하여 데이터 변환할 때, DTS정보를 이용하여 새로운 포맷의 콘텐츠를 휴대용 멀티미디어 디바이스에 구성할 수 있게 된다. 또한 바스켓 기반의 버퍼시스템를 이용하여 모바일 디바이스에 실시간으로 컨텐츠를 구성하고 셋탑박스내에서 메모리를 적게 사용한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 TPO-Shift시스템은 윈도우즈 비스타의 환경에서 다이렉트쇼(Directshow) 재생기를 이용한 셋탑박스, 그리고 휴대용 디바이스인 MS340 단말기로 구현하였으며, 실시간으로 TPO-Shift 시스템을 충분히 실행함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 섬유기술과 산업
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.490-508
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• 1998

One of the latest fields of research in the area of output devices is tactual display devices [13,31]. These tactual or haptic devices allow the user to receive haptic feedback output from a variety of sources. This allows the user to actually feel virtual objects and manipulate them by touch. This is an emerging technology and will be instrumental in enhancing the realism of wearable augmented environments for certain applications. Tactual displays have previously been used for scientific visualization in virtual environments by chemists and engineers to improve perception and understanding of force fields and of world models populated with the impenetrable. In addition to tactual displays, the use of wearable audio displays that allow sound to be spatialized are being developed. With wearable computers, designers will soon be able to pair spatialized sound to virtual representations of objects when appropriate to make the wearable computer experience even more realistic to the user. Furthermore, as the number and complexity of wearable computing applications continues to grow, there will be increasing needs for systems that are faster, lighter, and have higher resolution displays. Better networking technology will also need to be developed to allow all users of wearable computers to have high bandwidth connections for real time information gathering and collaboration. In addition to the technology advances that make users need to wear computers in everyday life, there is also the desire to have users want to wear their computers. In order to do this, wearable computing needs to be unobtrusive and socially acceptable. By making wearables smaller and lighter, or actually embedding them in clothing, users can conceal them easily and wear them comfortably. The military is currently working on the development of the Personal Information Carrier (PIC) or digital dog tag. The PIC is a small electronic storage device containing medical information about the wearer. While old military dog tags contained only 5 lines of information, the digital tags may contain volumes of multi-media information including medical history, X-rays, and cardiograms. Using hand held devices in the field, medics would be able to call this information up in real time for better treatment. A fully functional transmittable device is still years off, but this technology once developed in the military, could be adapted tp civilian users and provide ant information, medical or otherwise, in a portable, not obstructive, and fashionable way. Another future device that could increase safety and well being of its users is the nose on-a-chip developed by the Oak Ridge National Lab in Tennessee. This tiny digital silicon chip about the size of a dime, is capable of 'smelling' natural gas leaks in stoves, heaters, and other appliances. It can also detect dangerous levels of carbon monoxide. This device can also be configured to notify the fire department when a leak is detected. This nose chip should be commercially available within 2 years, and is inexpensive, requires low power, and is very sensitive. Along with gas detection capabilities, this device may someday also be configured to detect smoke and other harmful gases. By embedding this chip into workers uniforms, name tags, etc., this could be a lifesaving computational accessory. In addition to the future safety technology soon to be available as accessories are devices that are for entertainment and security. The LCI computer group is developing a Smartpen, that electronically verifies a user's signature. With the increase in credit card use and the rise in forgeries, is the need for commercial industries to constantly verify signatures. This Smartpen writes like a normal pen but uses sensors to detect the motion of the pen as the user signs their name to authenticate the signature. This computational accessory should be available in 1999, and would bring increased peace of mind to consumers and vendors alike. In the entertainment domain, Panasonic is creating the first portable hand-held DVD player. This device weight less than 3 pounds and has a screen about 6' across. The color LCD has the same 16:9 aspect ratio of a cinema screen and supports a high resolution of 280,000 pixels and stereo sound. The player can play standard DVD movies and has a hour battery life for mobile use. To summarize, in this paper we presented concepts related to the design and use of wearable computers with extensions to smart spaces. For some time, researchers in telerobotics have used computer graphics to enhance remote scenes. Recent advances in augmented reality displays make it possible to enhance the user's local environment with 'information'. As shown in this paper, there are many application areas for this technology such as medicine, manufacturing, training, and recreation. Wearable computers allow a much closer association of information with the user. By embedding sensors in the wearable to allow it to see what the user sees, hear what the user hears, sense the user's physical state, and analyze what the user is typing, an intelligent agent may be able to analyze what the user is doing and try to predict the resources he will need next or in the near future. Using this information, the agent may download files, reserve communications bandwidth, post reminders, or automatically send updates to colleagues to help facilitate the user's daily interactions. This intelligent wearable computer would be able to act as a personal assistant, who is always around, knows the user's personal preferences and tastes, and tries to streamline interactions with the rest of the world.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1997년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.176-178
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• 1997

To make a long story short I made up my mind to experiment with a multimedia approach to my classroom presentations two years ago because my ways of giving instructions bored the pants off me as well as my students. My favorite ways used to be sometimes referred to as classical or traditional ones, heavily dependent on the three elements: teacher's mouth, books, and chalk. Some call it the 'MBC method'. To top it off, I tried audio-visuals such as tape recorders, cassette players, VTR, pictures, and you name it, that could help improve my teaching method. And yet I have been unhappy about the results by a trial and error approach. I was determined to look for a better way that would ensure my satisfaction in the first place. What really turned me on was a multimedia CD ROM title, ELLIS (English Language Learning Instructional Systems) developed by Dr. Frank Otto. This is an integrated system of learning English based on advanced computer technology. Inspired by the utility and potential of such a multimedia system for regular classroom or lab instructions, I designed a simple but practical multimedia language learning laboratory in 1994 for the first time in Korea(perhaps for the first time in the world). It was high time that the conventional type of language laboratory(audio-passive) at Hahnnam be replaced because of wear and tear. Prior to this development, in 1991, I put a first CALL(Computer Assisted Language Learning) laboratory equipped with 35 personal computers(286), where students were encouraged to practise English typing, word processing and study English grammar, English vocabulary, and English composition. The first multimedia language learning laboratory was composed of 1) a multimedia personal computer(486DX2 then, now 586), 2) VGA multipliers that enable simultaneous viewing of the screen at control of the instructor, 3) an amplifIer, 4) loud speakers, 5)student monitors, 6) student tables to seat three students(a monitor for two students is more realistic, though), 7) student chairs, 8) an instructor table, and 9) cables. It was augmented later with an Internet hookup. The beauty of this type of multimedia language learning laboratory is the economy of furnishing and maintaining it. There is no need of darkening the facilities, which is a must when an LCD/beam projector is preferred in the laboratory. It is headset free, which proved to make students exasperated when worn more than- twenty minutes. In the previous semester I taught three different subjects: Freshman English Lab, English Phonetics, and Listening Comprehension Intermediate. I used CD ROM titles like ELLIS, Master Pronunciation, English Tripple Play Plus, English Arcade, Living Books, Q-Steps, English Discoveries, Compton's Encyclopedia. On the other hand, I managed to put all teaching materials into PowerPoint, where letters, photo, graphic, animation, audio, and video files are orderly stored in terms of slides. It takes time for me to prepare my teaching materials via PowerPoint, but it is a wonderful tool for the sake of presentations. And it is worth trying as long as I can entertain my students in such a way. Once everything is put into the computer, I feel relaxed and a bit excited watching my students enjoy my presentations. It appears to be great fun for students because they have never experienced this type of instruction. This is how I freed myself from having to manipulate a cassette tape player, VTR, and write on the board. The student monitors in front of them seem to help them concentrate on what they see, combined with what they hear. All I have to do is to simply click a mouse to give presentations and explanations, when necessary. I use a remote mouse, which prevents me from sitting at the instructor table. Instead, I can walk around in the room and enjoy freer interactions with students. Using this instrument, I can also have my students participate in the presentation. In particular, I invite my students to manipulate the computer using the remote mouse from the student's seat not from the instructor's seat. Every student appears to be fascinated with my multimedia approach to English teaching because of its unique nature as a new teaching tool as we face the 21st century. They all agree that the multimedia way is an interesting and fascinating way of learning to satisfy their needs. Above all, it helps lighten their drudgery in the classroom. They feel other subjects taught by other teachers should be treated in the same fashion. A multimedia approach to education is impossible without the advent of hi-tech computers, of which multi functions are integrated into a unified system, i.e., a personal computer. If you have computer-phobia, make quick friends with it; the sooner, the better. It can be a wonderful assistant to you. It is the Internet that I pay close attention to in conjunction with the multimedia approach to English education. Via e-mail system, I encourage my students to write to me in English. I encourage them to enjoy chatting with people all over the world. I also encourage them to visit the sites where they offer study courses in English conversation, vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, reading, and writing. I help them search any subject they want to via World Wide Web. Some day in the near future it will be the hub of learning for everybody. It will eventually free students from books, teachers, libraries, classrooms, and boredom. I will keep exploring better ways to give satisfying instructions to my students who deserve my entertainment.