• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 2004

With technological advances in automatic hematology analyzers, primary and screening differential counts of white blood cells (WBC) are done with automatic hematology analyzers. They are using different measurement and analysis principles, so differences in WBC differentials and WBC morphology flag exist. This study was carried out to analyze WBC differential counts and WBC morphology flags comparing them with the manual method. Patient EDTA samples in Vacutainer requested for WBC differentials were analyzed with XE-2100. And those samples with suspect flags messages index over 100 were selected and were analyzed with ADVIA-120. Peripheral blood smear film was subsequently made. Three investigators counted 200 cells each (600 cells) in 111 Wright-Giemsa stained blood films. Between two automatic hematology analyzers, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and monocyte showed good correlations, but basophil had moderate correlation. Among automatic hematology analyzers and manual count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and eosinophil had good correlations, but monocyte had moderate correlation. XE-2100 had higher monocyte, which was due to atypical lymphocyte and myeloblast. LUC in ADVIA-120 was not due to monocyte in XE-2100. Morphology flagging rates were 146.9% in XE-2100 and was 93.2% in ADVIA-120. Positive predictive values of morphology flag were 58.2% in XE-2100 and 54.4% in ADVIA-120. Flags such as atypical lymphocyte, immature granulocyte, and left shift had higher predictive values and those such as N-RBC, platelets clump, and blast had lower ones. Between automatic hematology analyzers, WBC differentials showed good correlations. Predictive values for morphology flags can be variable with changing criteria. Reviewing criteria for WBC differentials and morphology flags should be established in each laboratory with regards to size of laboratory and patients it serves.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2003

To determine whether the diphtheria toxin-A (DT) gene disrupts development of thymocytes in transgenic animal, the DT-A gene was used for the production of transgenic mice directed by proximal Ick promoter sequences. Two transgenic founder mice that contained several copies of transgene were produced by DNA microinjection and integration of transgene in transgenic mice was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting analysis. Transgenic $F_1$ and $F_2$ mice were produced by outbreeding of founder and $F_1$ mice to investigate expression of transgene and phenotypes in transgneic mice. Expression of the diphtheria toxin gene was confirmed in thymus, spleen and liver of transgenic mice by RT-PCR. In circulating blood of transgenic mice, lower number of circulating white blood cells and platelets were observed compared with that of normal mice. In addition, transgneic mice had reduced number of circulating peripheral T-cells analyzed by FACS with anti-CD3 antibody. The data in these transgenic mice indicate that DT gene can play a disruptive role in developing thymocytes of transgenic mice resulted in lower number of T-cells that can be applicable to a wide range of tissues in other animals.

• Carbon letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2010

Graphene is one of the most promising materials for many applications. It can be used in a variety of applications not only as a reinforcement material for polymer to obtain a combination of desirable mechanical, electrical, thermal, and barrier properties in the resulting nanocomposite but also as a component in energy storage, fuel cells, solar cells, sensors, and batteries. Recent research at Michigan State University has shown that it is possible to exfoliate natural graphite into graphite nanoplatelets composed entirely of stacks of graphene. The size of the platelets can be controlled from less than 10 nm in thickness and diameters of any size from sub-micron to 15 microns or greater. In this study we have investigated the influence of melt compounding processing on the physical properties of a polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposite reinforced with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP). The morphology, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties of xGnP-PA6 nanocomposite were characterized with electrical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, AC impedance, and mechanical properties. It was found that counter rotation (CNR) twins crew processed xGnP/PA6 nanocomposite had similar mechanical properties with co-rotation (CoR) twin screw processed or with CoR conducted with a screw design modified for nanoparticles (MCoR). Microscopy showed that the CNR processed nanocomposite had better xGnP dispersion than the (CoR) twin screw processed and modified screw (MCoR) processed ones. It was also found that the CNR processed nanocomposite at a given xGnP content showed the lowest graphite X-ray diffraction peak at $26.5^{\circ}$ indicating better xGnP dispersion in the nanocomposite. In addition, it was also found that the electrical conductivity of the CNR processed 12 wt.% xGnP-PA6 nanocomposite is more than ten times higher than the CoR and MCoR processed ones. These results indicate that better dispersion of an xGnP-PA6 nanocomposite is attainable in CNR twins crew processing than conventional CoR processing.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1092-1096
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• 1997

Thromboelastography(TEG) enables a global assessment of hemostatic function to be made from a single blood sample, documenting the interaction of platelets with protein coagulation cascade from the time of the initial platelet-fibrin interaction, through platelet aggregation, clot strengthening and fibrin cross linking to eventual clot Iysis. Thirty-five patients(mean age 34$\pm$ 12) undergoing open heart surgery from April 1st, 1996 to August 31th, 1996 were investigated at preoperatively and immediate, one hour, and 24 hours after cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass using TEG. Comparisons were made between classic hematological indices and TEG data. There were statistically significant correlation between maximal amplitude(MA) and platelet count before CPB, activating clotting time(ACT) and TEG date(R time, K time and a angle) at 24-hour after CPB. The data on the predictive accuracy for postoperative bleeding at 24-hour after CPB, the TEG was significantly better than ACT(57%) or the coagulation profiles(43%) as a predictor of postoperative bleeding, with an accuracy rate of 100% (P=0.0043). In conclusion, TEG seems to be easy to use, clinically accurate, cost effective and provides data which can effectively manage a patient's hemostasis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.224-236
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• 2007

Background : Chunghyul-dan is a combinatorial herbal medicine; previous studies reported it had therapeutic effects for microangiopathy, a major part in the progression of small vessel disease, as well as having anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefor, we examined the inhibitory effect of Chunghyul-dan on stroke recurrence in patients with small vessel disease. Methods : We prescribed Chunghyul-dan at 600 mg a day to patients with small vessel disease, and monitored stroke recurrence, drug compliances, and adverse effect for 1 year. We then performed follow-up brain MRI to find new vascular lesions after 1 year of Chunghyul-dan medication. For the subjects lost to follow-up, we assessed their prognosis after 1 year by telephone. Results : There were 73 subjects treated with Chunghyul-dan for 1 year; new vascular events were found in 3. Of the 85 subjects lost to follow-up, fifty four could be contacted, and eight of them had stroke recurrence. One year of Chunghyul-dan medication reduced the odds ratio of stroke recurrence by 75% compared to the subjects lost to follow-up and the rate increased to 88%, when adjusted for other relevant risk factors for stroke recurrence. These reductions were much higher than those of aspirin and other kinds of conventional anti-platelets. There was no adverse effect in any of the study subjects. Conclusions : We suggest Chunghyul-dan could be useful for inhibition of stroke recurrence. Further study with a randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm this suggestion.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 2011

Background: The leukocyte common antigen (CD45) is a transmembrane-type protein tyrosine phosphatase that has five isoforms. Methods: We generated seven murine mAbs against human CD45 by injecting cells from different origins, such as human thymocytes, PBMCs, and leukemic cell lines. By using various immunological methods including flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation, we evaluated the reactivity of those mAbs to CD45 of thymus as well as tonsil lysates. Furthermore, we transiently transfected COS-7 cells with each of gene constructs that express five human CD45 isoforms respectively, and examined the specificities of the mAbs against the transfected isoforms. Results: In case of thymocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes, all the seven mAbs demonstrated positive reactivities whereas none was reactive to erythrocytes and platelets. The majority of immune cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded thymus and tonsil tissues displayed strong membranous immunoreactivity, and the main antigen was detected near 220 kDa in all cases. Among the mAbs, four mAbs (AP4, DN11, SHL-1, and P6) recognized a region commonly present in all the five isoforms. One mAb, YG27, recognized four isoforms (ABC, AB, BC, and O). Two mAbs, P1 and P14, recognized the isoforms that contain exon A encoded regions (ABC and AB). Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed that AP4, DN11, SHL-1, YG27 and P6, are mAbs reactive with the CD45 antigen whereas P1 and P14 are reactive with the CD45RA antigen.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.354-364
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• 2015

Background: Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) is a platelet aggregation-inducing molecule. Therefore, understanding the inhibitory mechanism of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$mobilization is very important to evaluate the antiplatelet effect of a substance. This study was carried out to understand the $Ca^{2+}$-antagonistic effect of total saponin from Korean Red Ginseng (KRG-TS). Methods: We investigated the $Ca^{2+}$-antagonistic effect of KRG-TS on cyclic nucleotides-associated phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type I ($IP_3RI$) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in thrombin (0.05 U/mL)-stimulated human platelet aggregation. Results: The inhibition of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ mobilization by KRG-TS was increased by a PKA inhibitor (Rp-8-BrcAMPS), which was more stronger than the inhibition by a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)- dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor (Rp-8-Br-cGMPS). In addition, Rp-8-Br-cAMPS inhibited phosphorylation of PKA catalytic subunit (PKAc) ($Thr^{197}$) by KRG-TS. The phosphorylation of $IP_3RI$ ($Ser^{1756}$) by KRG-TS was very strongly inhibited by Rp-8-Br-cAMPS compared with that by Rp-8-BrcGMPS. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ mobilization by KRG-TS is more strongly dependent on a cAMP/PKA pathway than a cGMP/PKG pathway. KRG-TS also inhibited the release of adenosine triphosphate and serotonin. In addition, only G-Rg3 of protopanaxadiol in KRG-TS inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Conclusion: These results strongly indicate that KRG-TS is a potent beneficial compound that inhibits $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ mobilization in thrombin-platelet interactions, which may result in the prevention of platelet aggregation-mediated thrombotic disease.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2008

In this study, we have investigated the effect of panaxatriol (PT) on phosphoinositides (PIS) breakdown and $Ca^{2+}$-elevation in thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Thrombin (5U/ml), a potent platelet agonist which activates phospholipase $C_{\beta}$ via protease activated receptor (PAR), hydrolyzed PIS in platelet membrane. The phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate $(PIP_2)$ was hydrolyzed after 10 sec of the thrombin-stimulation, and both the phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate (PIP) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were brokendown after 30 sec of the thrombin-stimulation. However, PT inhibited the thrombin-stimulated hydrolysis of $PIP_2$, PIP, and PI. On the other hand, thrombin increased the level of phosphatidic acid (PA) which is phosphorylated from diacylglycerol (DG) generated by PIS-hydrolysis. However, Pr inhibited the thrombin-increased PA level non-significantly. Thrombin increased cytosolic free $Ca^{2+}([Ca^{2+}])_i$) up to 72% as compared with control $(30.8{\pm}0.9 nM)$ in intact platelet. However, PT (100 ${\mu}g/ml$) inhibited the thrombin-elevated $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ to 100%. These results suggest that PT may have a beneficial effect on platelet aggregation-mediated thrombotic disease by inhibiting thrombin-induced platelet aggregation via suppression of the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ level and PIS breakdown.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 1976

In this research chromoproteins, namely phycoerythrin and phycocyanin in Korean laver are isolated and purified and their characteristics and the contents of amino acid are investigated. Three kinds of laver, Yonpyungdo product, Jindo product, and Kohung product are used in the experiments. The results are as following: 1) 0.68g of phycoerythrin and 0.72g of phycocyanin are isolated from 50g of laver. 2) when observed by microscope (1,000 times amplification), the crystals of phycocrythrin have the shape of small needles and phycocyanin that of platelets. 3) Absorption spectra of purified phycoerythrin shows strong absorption peaks at 546, 526, and $496m{\mu}$,and phycocyanin shows strong absorption peaks at 610 and $546m{\mu}$. After the phycoerythrin and phycocyanin were kept at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24 and 48 hours. The peaks of phycoerythrin are slightly shifted and those of phycocyanin are decreased. 4) In amino acid analysis, sixteen kinds of amino acids are detected in phycoerythrin and phycocyanin. Amino acids found in the greatest amounts in phycoerythrin are glutamic acid, alanine, glycine and leucine. Essential amino acids are found to exist in phycocyanin in greater amounts than in phycoerythrin.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

The radiation has been utilized in a number of fields, even though the use of plenty cause a variety of side effects. This study was confirmed for radiation protective effects of aged garlic to contribute to the prevention of disasters that are radiation exposure. We studied the Complete Blood cell Count(CBC) and the small intestine after feeding aged garlic extract into Sprague Dawley Rat which irradiated X-ray beam 7 and 13 Gy. Garlic extract was administered to the results in the experimental group showed a notable difference in the CBC of platelets (p<0.05), red blood cells (p<0.05) and early damaged white blood cells (p<0.05). In addition, it was confirmed that experimental group's small intestine crypt is more survival than irradiation group significantly. And experimental group has small intestine villi length almost similar to the normal group. result of the aged garlic study will be able to be of great benefit for the radiation relevant emergency management.