• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.2101-2105
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• 2013

Background: Long-term survival is a problem with locally advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinomas. Sunitinib malate is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, but data on sunitinib use as a second line treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are limited. Prognostic and predictive value of peripheral blood markers has been shown for many cancers. Materials and Methods: Efficacy and safety profiles of sunitinib after interferon alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$) were evaluated based on retrospective data for 23 patients with mRCC. Hematological parameters (neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, mean platelet volume, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio) were recorded at the time of metastasis. It was evaluated whether hematological parameters were prognostic and predictive factors. Results: Median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 16.5 months (95%CI: 0-34.5). Median overall survival (OS) time was 25.7 months (95%CI: 10.8-40.0). Most common side effects were neutropenia (52.2%), stomatitis (26.1%) and hand-food syndrome (26.1%). PFS was found 3.13 vs 17.1 months in patients with neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR)>3 vs $NLR{\leq}3$ (p:0.012). Median OS was 6.96 vs 27.1 months in patients with NLR>3 vs $NLR{\leq}3$ (p:0.001).While 75% of patients who responded to sunitinib had $NLR{\leq}3$, in 72% of patients with no response to sunitinib NLR>3 was detected (p:0.036). The association between the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) criteria and NLR was statistically significant (p:0.022). Conclusions: Data on second line sunitinib treatment following cytokine in mRCC are limited. In our study, we observed second line sunitinib treatment following IFN-${\alpha}$ to be effective and tolerable. NLRappeared to have prognostic and predictive value.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2012

In this paper, we proposed a method of baseline correction for analysis of Raman spectra of platelets from Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice. Measured Raman spectra include the meaningful information and unnecessary noise which is composed of baseline and additive noise. The Raman spectrum is divided into the local region including several peaks and the spectrum of the region is modeled by curve fitting using Gaussian model. The additive noise is clearly removed from the process of replacing the original spectrum with the fitted model. The baseline correction after interpolating the local minima of the fitted model with linear, piecewise cubic Hermite and cubic spline algorithm. The baseline corrected models extract the feature with principal component analysis (PCA). The classification result of support vector machine (SVM) and maximum $a$ posteriori probability (MAP) using linear interpolation method showed the good performance about overall number of principal components, especially SVM gave the best performance which is about 97.3% true classification average rate in case of piecewise cubic Hermite algorithm and 5 principal components. In addition, it confirmed that the proposed baseline correction method compared with the previous research result could be effectively applied in the analysis of the Raman spectra of platelet.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.659-681
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• 2001

Platelet-rich plasma(PRP) has been known to increase the rate and degree of bone formation by virtue of growth factors in concentrated platelets. Although its great healing effect on bone defect or pre-implantation site preparation in conjunction with bone substitute has been reported, the effect associated with implant is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP on rapid osseointegration of endosseous dental implants in the rabbit tibiae. Twenty two adult female New Zealand white rabbits, weighing approximately 2.7-3.3kg, were used for this study. Twelve of the 22 animals were used for histomorphometric analysis and ten of the 22 were for removal torque test. Each animal received two implants in each tibia (two treated with PRP and two as control) and was given fluorochrome intramuscularly. For histomorphometric analysis, rabbits were divided into four groups according to the healing period. At 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks postoperatively, each three animals were sacrificed serially and the amount and rate of bone formation around dental implant were examined on the undecalcified sections under fluorescent microscope, polarized microscope and light microscope connected to a personal computer equipped with image analysis system. For removal torque test, rabbits were divided into two groups and removal torque tests were performed at 4 weeks, 10 weeks after implant placement. In total, 88 screw shaped, commercially pure titanium implants (Neoplant, Neobiotech, Seoul, Korea) were used in this study. Labeling pattern reflected differences of two groups in bone formation rate at each period. Histomorphometrically, PRP group showed significantly higher bone volume within threads compared to control group at 2 weeks ($70.30{\pm}4.96%$ vs. $50.68{\pm}6.33%$; P < .01) and 4 weeks ($82.59{\pm}5.94%$ vs. $72.94{\pm}4.57%$; P < .05 ). PRP group at 1, 2 and 4 weeks revealed similar degree of bone volume formation comparable to control group at 2, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. On the other hand, while PRP group showed higher bone-implant contact ($47.37{\pm}8.09%$) than control group ($33.16{\pm}13.47%$) at 2 weeks, there were no significant differences between PRP group and control group for any experimental period. Removal torque values also showed no significant differences between PRP group and control group at any experimental period (P > .05). These findings imply that PRP could induce rapid, more bone formation around implant during early healing period and get faster secondary stability for reducing healing period, though it has not induced bone maturation enough to resist functional loading.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.79 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for mechanical ventilation in the patients with scrub typhus admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital. Methods: We retrospectively selected and analyzed clinical data from the medical records of 70 patients (32 men, 38 women) admitted to the ICU with scrub typhus between 2004 and 2014. The patients had a mean${\pm}$standard deviation age of $71.2{\pm}11.1years$ and were evaluated in two groups: those who had been treated with mechanical ventilation (the MV group, n=19) and those who had not (the non-MV group, n=51). Mean ages of the MV group and the non-MV group were $71.2{\pm}8.3years$ and $71.2{\pm}11.1years$, respectively. Results: Significant differences between the two groups were observed with respect to acute respiratory failure (p=0.008), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (p=0.015), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (p=0.013), death (p=0.014), and ICU duration (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that the following factors were significantly associated with mechanical ventilation: acute respiratory failure (p=0.011), SOFA score (p=0.005), APACHE II score (p=0.011), platelet count (p=0.009), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p=0.011). Conclusion: Thus, five factors-acute respiratory failure, SOFA score, APACHE II score, platelet count, and LDH-can be the meaningful indicators for mechanical ventilation for the patients with scrub typhus admitted to ICU.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.684-688
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• 1996

In order to search for antithrombotic peptides from soybean paste, the inhibitory activity of water extract of soybean paste and its peptide fractions on ADP-induced aggregation of washed platelets was assayed. Soybean paste extract treated with ultrafiltration (M.W. cut off, 3,000 daltons) was found to have inhibitory activity of 90% at the dose of $96\;{\mu}g/ml$ by the method of turbidometric aggregometer. Soybean paste extract was fractionated to 19 fractions (No. B-18) by Dowex 50W X-2 ion exchange column chromatography and activity test was performed by the microplate method. All of the fractions had antithrombotic activity $(IC_{50},\;101,000\;{\mu}g/ml)$, and most fractions had higher activity than positive control, RGDS $(IC_{50}.\;205\;{\mu}g/ml)$. Especially, basic fractions No.16-18 showed higher activity than soybean paste extract $(IC_{50},\;30\;{\mu}g/ml)$. The fraction No.16 with the highest activity $(IC_{50},\;10\;{\mu}g/ml)$ was purified and analysed for amino acid composition. The results showed that histidine, arginine, and alanine were major residues in the peptide part of the fraction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1348-1353
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes and readjustment capacity in the hematological characteristics of the horse during and after a prolonged training program. One pony and two hot-blooded horses were used in this study. Resting or basal blood parameters were assessed by collecting blood samples of the animals for 1 to 2 months prior to start of the training program. Each animal was subjected to arbitrary exercise for 30 min by an automatic hot trotter and was bled at 0, 15, 30, 45 (15 min of recovery), 60 (30 min of recovery), and 75 min (45 min of recovery) after onset of exercise. All animals were exercised 3 times a week over a fivemonth period. Hematological parameters including average white blood cell counts (WBC, ${\times}$$10^3$/$\mu$l), erythrocyte concentrations (RBC, ${\times}$$10^6$/$\mu$l), hematocrit (HCT, %), mean corpuscular volume (MCV, fl), number of platelets (PLT, ${\times}$$10^4$/$\mu$l), hemoglobin concentration (Hb, g/dl), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH, pg), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, g/dl) were analyzed using an automatic cell counter. All animals showed that RBC, WBC, and HCT were significantly (p<0.05) increasing from 7.09, 8.55, and 43.5 to 8.11, 9.67, and 49.5, respectively, during the 30 min of exercise and were back to or lower than the initial basis (resting and 0 min) 30 min after exercise. However, no significant differences were detected in MCV (50.3-51.3 fl), MCH (17.2-17.4 pg), and MCHC (33.7-34.4 g/dl) values (p>0.05) regardless of the training periods. Similar trends were observed after 1, 3, 4, and 5 months of training when compared to the resting state. When these parameters were analyzed by the effect of training periods (month), mean WBC concentrations significantly reduced in the fourth and fifth month after onset of training compared to that in resting condition or the first month of training program (p<0.05). The RBC values elevated at the second month (9.40) and reaching a significantly low level (p<0.001) at the fifth month (8.62) after training compared to the first month of training (7.89). In conclusion, a mild training program enhances blood parameters gradually in both the horse and the pony. Therefore, an optimized training program is beneficial in promoting the endurance performance of the horse.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5653-5657
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate factors which effect treatment interruption during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and overall survival in patients with uterine cervical cancer stage IB2-IVA in Srinagarind Hospital. Materials and Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2007, 107 patients with stage IB2-IVA as FIGO staging, 2000, were treated with CCRT in Srinagarind Hospital. Factors which caused treatment interruptions and impacted on overall survival were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Twenty of 107 patients had treatment interruption during CCRT in patients with uterine cervical cancer stage IB2-IVA in Srinagarind Hospital. The causes of treatment interruption were as follows: hematologic toxicity was found in 16 of 20 cases, 12 cases with grade 2 and 4 cases with grade 3; three of 20 cases had gastrointestinal toxicities, 1 case with grade 2 and 2 cases with grade 3; one case had grade 3 skin toxicity. The mean total treatment time of the uninterrupted and interrupted groups were significantly different (78.98 days vs 161.80 days, p <0.001). The patients who could tolerate ${\geq}5$ cycles of cisplatin administration had significantly higher mean white blood counts (WBC) ($9,769cells/mm^3$ vs $7,141cells/mm^3$, p=0.02). The mean initial hemoglobin (Hb) in the uninterrupted group was significantly higher than the interrupted group (11.5 mg% vs 10.3 mg%, p=0.03). Other factors including age, KPS, initial platelets, initial serum creatinine levels showed no statistical significance. The 3-year overall survival of the uninterrupted group was better than in the interrupted group (78.6% vs 55.0%, p=0.03). Conclusions: The initial Hb and WBC levels were significantly correlated with treatment interruption during CCRT in patients with uterine cervical cancer. The 3-year overall survival of the uninterrupted group was significantly better than interrupted group. These factors may then be used indirectly to predict the outcomes of treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5237-5242
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• 2013

Background: Inflammation is a critical component of tumor progression. Many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation, and inflammation. It is now becoming clear that the tumour microenvironment, which is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells, is an essential participant in the neoplastic process, promoting proliferation, survival and migration. Platelets can release some growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor, platelet factor 4, and thrombospondin. Such factors have been shown to promote hematogenous tumour spread, tumor cell adhesion and invasion, and angiogenesis and to play an important role in tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate effects of the pretreatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on survival and response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Ninety-four patients with non-metastatic NSCLC were included and separated into two groups according to median valuse of NLR and PLR (low:<3.44 or high:${\geq}3.44$ and low:<194 or high${\geq}194$, respectively). Results: Pretreatment high NLR and PLR were associated with significantly shorter disease-free and overall survival rates. Multivariate analysis revealed that the overall survival rates were significantly linked with PLR (OR: 1.87, CI: 1.20-2.91, p: 0.006) and response to chemoradiotherapy (OR: 1.80, CI: 1.14-2.81, p: 0.012) and the disease-free survival rates were significantly associated with NLR (OR: 1.81, CI: 1.16-2.82, p: 0.009) and response to chemoradiotherapy (OR: 2.30, CI: 1.45-3.66, p: 0.001). There was no significant difference between patients with high and low NLR in terms of response to chemoradiotherapy. Similarly, there was no significant influence of the PLR. Conclusions: Pretreatment NLR and PLR measurements can provide important prognostic results in patients with NSCLC and assessment of the two parameters together appears to better predict the prognosis in patients with NSCLC. The effect of inflammation, indicators of NLR and PLR, on survival seems independent of the response to chemoradiotherapy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2008

Purpose : Recently, various materials were developed for enhancing bone formation capacity. Platelet rich plasma(PRP) is an autologous source with several growth factors and obtained by sequestering and concentrating platelets by gradient density centrifugation. This study was to evaluate the effect of PRP on healing of grafted bone. Materials and methods : Two blood samples were obtained and analysed for measuring platelet counts of normal blood and PRP. In experimental group, two defects of mandibular bone, 10mm in diameter and 4.0mm deep, were created in the mandible and immediately grafted with autogenous bone chips mixed with PRP. In control group, same bone defects were prepared and grafted with autogenous bone chips. Gelform was used for carrier of PRP. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks later, each group was evaluated with histologi-cal and histomorphometric analyses. Results : According to histological observation, experimental group was showed more anastomosing newly-formed woven bone having osteoblastic activation than control group. According to histomorphometric analysis, there were 9.11% more newly-formed bone volume in experimental group than control group at 2 weeks, 7.91% more at 4 weeks, 20.08% more at 8 weeks. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated PRP in autogenous bone graft could enhance the bone formation.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2000

The blood compatibilities of PU/PVA polymer blends with different mixing ratios were evaluated using various methods, such as fibrinogen adsorption, plasma recalcification time, platelet adhesion, whole blood clotting time, and complement activation. In addition, PVA on the surface of the polymer blends was crosslinked by glutaraldehyde to restrain the mobility of PVA molecules for characterizing the effect of PVA in the polymer blends on blood compatibility. The fibrinogen adsorption on the polymer blends decreased with the increase of PVA amount in the polymer blends. The plasma recalcification times of the polymer blends with 10-50 wt% PVA were longer than those of PU, PVA, and polymer blends with higher amount of PVA. The morphological changes and adhesion of platelets on the polymer blends with 30-50 wt% PVA were less than those on the other materials. The blood clotting times and complement activation on the polymer blends with 30-50 wt% PVA were reduced, compared to the other materials. On the other hand, the blood compatibility of the crosslinked polymer blends was relatively decreased, compared to the non-crosslinked ones. According to these experimental results, the blood compatibility of the polymer blends with 30-50 wt% PVA was better than that of the other materials and such a blood compatibility of the polymer blends might be related to the mobility of PVA molecules on the surface.