• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to propose an analytical model for the simulation of the hysteretic behavior of RC (reinforced concrete) beam-column subassemblages under various loading histories. The discrete line element with inelastic rotational springs is adopted to model the different locations of the plastic hinging zone. The hysteresis model can be adopted for a dynamic two-dimensional inelastic analysis of RC frame structures. From the analysis of test results it is found that the stiffness deterioration caused by inelastic loading can be simulated with a function of basic pinching coefficients, ductility ratio and yield strength ratio of members. A new strength degradation coefficient is proposed to simulate the inelastic behavior of members as a function of the transverse steel spacing and section aspect ratio. The energy dissipation capacities calculated using the proposed model show a good agreement with test results within errors of 27%.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 1995

This study was designed to obtain the basic data developing the UV ray protective garments for the plastichouse workers. Two subjects were volunteered for 1hr. wear test in plastic house, and the ensembles was composed of one of three kinds blouse (UV blocking blouse, polyester/cotton 47/53 blouse, and polyester blouse), shorts, sleeveless undershirts, pants and socks. The measurements were rectal temperature, skin temperature, microclimate inside clothing, subjective sensation, and the colour difference of UV sensor. The results were as follows: 1. Microclimate especially, temperature inside clothing of polyester blouse was the highest among the garments. And UV-proof polyester blouse showed the lower mean skin temperature and microclimate than others. Showing the highest sweat volume. 2. No significant difference on UV ray blocking function among 3 kinds of garment was shown. 3. We could conform that in spring for the plastic house wぉw s garment low thermal insulating value and wide covering area were more important factors than UV blocking function of fabric.

• 대한조선학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 1988

A new discrete method using idealized rigid body-spring model is introduced. This rigid element method is known to be more efficient and accurate than the finite element method in the inelastic range of structural analysis owing to simplified stress-strain and strain-displacement relations This kind of physical concept using idealized rigid model has been already applied among structural engineers to some problems such as rigid-plastic analysis or plastic design considering rigid bodies and plastic hinges. However the most rigorous and systematic research has been recently performed by T. Kawai et al.[1]. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze the collapse behavior of stiffened plates under lateral loading by some modification and expansion of Kawai's rigid element approach to the collapse of plates without stiffener. Stiffened plates are treated as orthotropic plates which have equivalent bending rigidities. By employing Morley's plate element resubdivision technique, variety is given to mesh-division styles which have greate effect on the accuracy of numerical results. Some examples are shown to verify the validity of applying rigid element method to the ultimate strength analysis of stiffened plates. It is clarified that lateral deflections and detailed collapse patterns up to the ultimate state of stiffened plates can be easily obtained by the present approach.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.78-86
• /
• 2013

In order to analyze the pollution extent of small plastic debris(SPD) ashore on the shoreline of coastal flow, 12 of survey was conducted at Song-Jung beach of Busan for several years. The sampled beach was divided into 9 sites with unit area($m^2$). Many of SPD were detected in the southern part of the beach and classified into 11 items as P1 to P11 according to the contents. Average densities of total items' weight were $2.955g/m^2$ and weights of P2, P3 item were composed of about 64% among them. And average densities of total items' quantity were $56.259ea/m^2$ and quantities of P6 only were composed of about 63%. Seeing the seasonal variation, fall season was abundant extremely whereas nearly nothing in spring. The correlation of weights and quantities have reliable coefficients to some extent on sites and season but nearly don't have reliances on item, tide, wind and precipitation. Many researching data were required if possible in order to discussing about the correlation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study is to experiments the environmental conditions and the adaption of the human body in the vinyl house. The study was done in spring and winter and experimental clothes were used working clothes in the vinyl house. The results are as follows. 1. Environmental Conditions In the spring season, the indoor air temperature was $27.4{\pm}3.7^{\circ}C$ and the outdoor air temperature was $14.4{\pm}2.7^{\circ}C$. In the winter season, the indoor air temperature was $18.3{\pm}4.8^{\circ}C$ and the outdoor air temperature was $7.6{\pm}2.5^{\circ}C$ on the average. 2. Skin Temperature In the spring season, the mean skin temperatures indoor and outdoor were $33.81{\pm}0.7^{\circ}C\;and\;31.57{\pm}0.8^{\circ}C$ respectively, a difference of $2.24^{\circ}C$. In the winter season, they were $31.95{\pm}1.93^{\circ}C\;and\;29.86{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$ respectively, a difference of $2.09^{\circ}C$. 3. Clothing Climate In the spring season, the temperature and humidity in the inner layer of clothing were $34.77{\pm}0.80^{\circ}C\;and\;70.75{\pm}1.65%$ indoor, $31.9{\pm}0.52^{\circ}C\;and\;51.9{\pm}3.70%$ outdoor respectively. In the winter season, those were $32.52{\pm}1.04^{\circ}C\;and\;64.65{\pm}3.68%$ indoor, $30.27{\pm}0.96^{\circ}C\;and\;45.07{\pm}2.68%$ outdoor respectively. 4. Physiological Factors Body temperature increased slightly and the pulse rate also rises, but blood pressure decreased a little with the rise of environmental temperature both in the spring and winter seasons. 5. Psychological Factors Thermal sensation in the spring season was expressed as 'slightly warm' or 'warm' indoor and as 'neutral' in the open air, while in the winter it was expressed as 'neutral' or 'slightly warm' outdoor the house and as 'cold' in the open air. Comfort sensation was characterized as 'uncomfortable' or 'slightly uncomfortable' indoor both in the spring and winter seasons, but in the open air it was characterized as 'comfortable' in the spring and as 'slightly uncomfortable' in the winter.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.1091-1097
• /
• 2011

본 논문은 자동차용 시트의 내부에 설치되어 탑승자의 등 부위를 지지하여 편안한 승차감을 제공하는 자동차용 시트의 플라스틱 서스펜션 어셈블리 개발에 관한 것이다. 운전자의 허리를 균등하게 지지하여 주는 구조를 갖도록 설계하고 시트 백 프레임과 플라스틱 서스펜션이 원활하게 조합될 수 있는 구조로 개발하고자 한다. 체압 분포 특성을 고려하여 서스펜션의 단품을 설계하고 기능성을 평가하였다. 또한 실제와 동일한 사이즈의 서스펜션을 모델링하고 구조해석을 수행하였다. 기존 스프링 서스펜션과 새로 개발된 플라스틱 서스펜션의 해석결과 및 실제 측정값이 유사함을 확인하고 최적의 해석 및 설계를 확립하였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.202-208
• /
• 1991

소아에 있어서 수부손상의 대부분은 가정이나 외부로부터의 위험인자에 대한 자기방어능력이 부족한데서 발생되는데, 핵가족화로 인해 자녀에 대한 부모의 관심이 줄어들면서 그 빈도가 더욱 증가되고 있는 추세이다. 본 영남대학교 의과대학 성형외과학교실에서는 1983년 6월부터 1991년 10월까지 수부손상으로 재건술을 받은 10세이하의 소아를 대상으로 조사를 시행하여, 주로 봄, 가을에 활동력이 주어지기 시작하는 2세-4세의 남아에서 수지 첨부와 zone II에 많이 발생하고, 문틈에 끼여서 손상을 입는 경우가 많았으며, 전충피부이식이나 복합조직이식에서 좋은 결과가 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국윤활학회 2003년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.313-323
• /
• 2003

The sliding wear behaviors of Zircaloy-4 nuclear fuel rod were investigated using two support springs with convex and concave shapes in room temperature air and water. The main focus is to compare the wear behavior of various test variables such as slip amplitude, environment, contact contours with different spring shape and a number of cycles. The results indicated that wear volume and maximum wear depth increased with slip amplitude in both air and water, but their trends tended to change according to the spring shapes and test environments. In air condition, the wear volume was controlled by wear debris behavior generated on worn surface. As a result, final wear volume and maximum wear depth decreased if a ratio of protruded wear volume to worn area $(D_p)$ would be saturated to specific value. This is because wear particle layer could accommodate large strain by accumulating and transforming wear particle layer. However, in water condition, metal-to metal contact was more dominant and wear volume was greatly affected by changed mechanical behavior between contact surfaces since wear debris should be generated after repeated plastic deformation and fracture. After wear test, worn surfaces were examined using optical microscope and SEM and details of wear mechanism were discussed using a ratio of wear volume to worn area $(D_e)$ at each test condition.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.310-319
• /
• 2009

폐쇄형 니켈-티타늄 코일 스프링은 탈부하 과정에서 힘이 거의 일정하게 유지되는 초탄성을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 각 제조사에 따른 니켈-티타늄 스프링의 실제 특성에 대한 보고는 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수종의 폐쇄형 니켈-티타늄 코일 스프링들의 하중-변위 특성과 소성 변형에 대해 비교하고 임상적으로 적용 가능한 신장 범위에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 다섯 개 제조회사에서 생산된 일곱 종의 폐쇄형 니켈-티타늄 코일 스프링을 각 종류별로 2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm로 신장시켜 하중-변위 곡선을 얻은 후 같은 길이로 4주간 유지시킨 후 다시 하중-변위 곡선을 얻었다. 실험 결과 Sentalloy (Tomy, Tokyo, Japan), Jinsung (Jinsung, Seoul, Korea)은 모든 범위에서 초탄성을 나타내며 영구변형도 1 mm 이하로 작아 가장 바람직한 물성을 보였다. 반면 Ni-Ti (Ormco, Orange, CA, USA)는 10 mm부터 초탄성 구간을 보였는데, 이는 이러한 스프링을 적용 시에는 10 mm 이상 신장시켜야 초탄성 성질을 활용할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. Orthonol (RMO, Denver, CO, USA)과 Nitanium (Ortho Oganizers, San Marcos, CA, USA)은 초탄성을 보이지 않았다. 4주 동안 신장 후의 소성 변형 정도를 측정한 결과 25 mm 이내의 신장 범위에서는 1 mm 이하의 소성 변형만이 나타났다. 폐쇄형 니켈-티타늄 코일 스프링의 초탄성 성질은 제조사에 따라 다양하게 나타났으므로, 임상 적용 시 이를 고려하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.459-469
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 제주지역에서 재배되고 있는 부지화[不知火, Shiranuhi, (Citrus unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis) ${\times}$ C. reticulata)]의 과실품질 향상을 위한 재배체계를 확립하고 부지화 재배농가의 소득 증대를 위하여 봄철 눈의 발아 및 개화 시기의 가온처리가 부지화의 생장 및 과실 품질에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이른 봄철에 가온처리I($25/15^{\circ}C$, 주간/야간) 또는 가온처리II($28/18^{\circ}C$, 주간/야간) 조건에서 2월 중순부터 5월 말까지 100일 동안 재배하였을 때 대조구인 무가온 시설재배에 비하여 눈의 발아가 각각 11일, 15일 정도, 만개시기는 각각 22일, 45일 정도 앞당겨졌다. 구엽당 발생하는 봄순의 수는 가온처리구에서 감소하지만 봄순의 평균 길이와 엽면적은 증가하였다. 평균 과중 또한 봄철 가온처리에 의해 더 증가하였으며 과형지수는 측정시기에 관계없이 가온처리구에서 1.0 이상을 나타내었다. 그리고 봄철 가온처리 시에는 과피가 일찍 착색되어 수확시기를 1-2개월 앞당길 수 있을 것으로 보였다. 수확기의 가용성고형물 함량은 대조구와 가온처리I에서 각각 13.9와 $13.6^{\circ}Brix$ 정도로 가온처리II에서 보다 더 높았다. 그리고 산 함량은 가온처리II에서 가장 낮았으나 유의성이 없었고, 당산비는 처리간 유의성이 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 부지화 과실의 조기 수확 및 수확량 증대, 크기가 크고 당도가 높은 고품질 과실의 생산 등을 위해 봄철 생육기의 온도를 $25/15^{\circ}C$(주간/야간) 조건으로 재배하는 것이 적절한 것으로 보인다.