• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 경계요소를 갖는 철근콘크리트 전단벽의 잠재소성힌지길이를 합리적으로 평가할 수 있는 단순모델의 제시이다. 전단벽의 높이에 따른 이상화된 곡률분포로부터, 기본방정식은 항복모멘트와 최대모멘트 그리고 사인장균열에 의한 부가모멘트의 함수로 일반화되었다. 전단벽의 항복모멘트와 최대모멘트는 변형률 적합조건과 힘의 평형조건을 기반하여 산정하였다. 사인장균열 발생의 여부는 ACI 318-11에서 제시된 콘크리트의 전단력으로부터 검토되었으며, 부가모멘트는 Park and Paulay에 의해 제시된 트러스기구를 이용하여 산정하였다. 이들 모멘트식들은 다양한 변수범위에서 변수연구를 수행하였다. 결과적으로 등가소성힌지길이는 주철근 및 수직철근지수와 축력지수의 함수로 제시될 수 있었다. 제시된 등가소성힌지길이의 모델은 실험결과의 비교에서 평균 및 표준편차가 각각 1.019와 0.102로 실험 결과를 정확하게 예측하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2002

A model of the process of local buckling in tubular steel structural elements is presented. It is assumed that this degrading phenomenon can be lumped at plastic hinges. The model is therefore based on the concept of plastic hinge combined with the methods of continuum damage mechanics. The state of this new kind of inelastic hinge is characterized by two internal variables: the plastic rotation and the damage. The model is valid if only one local buckling appears in the plastic hinge region; for instance, in the case of framed structures subjected to monotonic loadings. Based on this damage model, a new finite element that can describe the development of local buckling is proposed. The element is the assemblage of an elastic beamcolumn and two inelastic hinges at its ends. The stiffness matrix, that depends on the level of damage, the yielding function and the damage evolution law of the two hinges define the new finite element. In order to verify model and finite element, several small-scale frames were tested in laboratory under monotonic loading. A lateral load at the top of the frame was applied in a stroke-controlled mode until local buckling appears and develops in several locations of the frame and its ultimate capacity was reached. These tests were simulated with the new finite element and comparison between model and test is presented and discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.669-681
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• 2017

The design of reinforced concrete buildings must satisfy the serviceability stiffness criteria in terms of maximum lateral deflections and inter story drift in order to prevent both structural and non-structural damages. Consideration of plastic hinge formation is also important to obtain accurate failure mechanism and ultimate strength of reinforced concrete frames. In the present study, an iterative procedure has been developed for the analysis of reinforced concrete frames with cracked elements and consideration of plastic hinge formation. The ACI and probability-based effective stiffness models are used for the effective moment of inertia of cracked members. Shear deformation effect is also considered, and the variation of shear stiffness due to cracking is evaluated by reduced shear stiffness models available in the literature. The analytical procedure has been demonstrated through the application to three reinforced concrete frame examples available in the literature. It has been shown that the iterative analytical procedure can provide accurate and efficient predictions of deflections and ultimate strength of the frames studied under lateral and vertical loads. The proposed procedure is also efficient from the viewpoint of computational time and convergence rate. The developed technique was able to accurately predict the locations and sequential development of plastic hinges in frames. The results also show that shear deformation can contribute significantly to frame deflections.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2007

A new finite shear wall element model and a method for calculation of 3D multi-storied only shear walled or shear walled - framed structures using finite shear wall elements assumed ideal elasto - plastic material are developed. The collapse load of the system subjected to factored constant gravity loads and proportionally increasing lateral loads is calculated with a method of load increments. The shape functions over the element are determined as a cubic variation along the story height and a linear variation in horizontal direction because of the rigid behavior of the floor slab. In case shear walls are chosen as only one element in every floor, correct solutions are obtained by using this developed element. Because of the rigid behavior of the floor slabs, the number of unknowns are reduced substantially. While in framed structures, classical plastic hinge hypothesis is used, in nodes of shear wall elements when vertical deformation parameter is exceeded ${\varepsilon}_e$, this node is accepted as a plastic node. While the system is calculated with matrix displacement method, for determination of collapse safety, plastic displacements and plastic deformations are taken as additional unknowns. Rows and columns are added to the system stiffness matrix for additional unknowns.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2004

It is known that lap splices in the longitudinal reinforcement of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns are not desirable for seismic performance, but it is sometimes unavoidable. Lap splices were practically located in the potential plastic hinge region of most bridge columns that were constructed before the 1992 seismic design provisions of the Korea Bridge Design Specification. The objective of this research is to evaluate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers with lap splicing of longitudinal reinforcement in the plastic hinge region, to develop an enhancement scheme for their seismic capacity by retrofitting with glassfiber sheets, and to assess a damage of bridge columns subjected to seismic loadings for the development of rational seismic design provisions in low or moderate seismicity region. Nine (9) test specimens with an aspect ratio of 4 were made with three confinement ratios and three types of lap splice. Quasi-static tests were conducted in a displacement-controlled way under three different axial loads. A significant reduction of displacement ductility was observed for test columns with lap splices of longitudinal reinforcements, whose displacement ductility could be greatly improved by externally wrapping with glassfiber sheets in the plastic hinge region. A damage of the limited ductile specimen was assessed to be relatively small.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2019

In this paper, numerical and experimental assessments have been conducted in order to investigate the capability of using CFRP for the seismic capacity improvement and relocation of plastic hinge in reinforced concrete connections. Two scaled down exterior reinforced concrete beam to column connections have been used. These two connections from a strengthened moment frame have been tested under uniformly distributed load before and after optimization. The results of experimental tests have been used to verify the accuracy of numerical modeling using computational ABAQUS software. Application of FRP plate on the web of the beam in connections to improve its capacity is of interest in this paper. Several parametric studies were carried out for CFRP reinforced samples, with different lengths and thicknesses in order to relocate the plastic hinge away from the face of the column.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 고강도철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 고성능화 기술 즉 콘크리트의 고강도화, 접합부 영역의 손상을 최소화하고 보의 소성힌지를 보의 내측으로 완전히 이동함과 동시에 내진성능을 향상시키는 고성능 설계상세 기술 및 고인성섬유 복합모르타르을 도입한 시험체를 제작하고 실험을 수행하여 이력거동을 평가하였다. ${\blacksquare}$ 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 내진성능을 향상시키고, 보-기둥 접합면에 인접하여 발생하는 소성힌지를 보의 내측으로 이동시킬 목적으로 새로운 접합부 설계상세를 도입한 정착형 중간철근(1.5d)과 이중폐쇄스터럽 보강 시험체(HJCI)는 소성힌지의 이동은 물론 내진성능이 현저히 개선 되었다. ${\blacksquare}$ 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 철근배근 및 콘크리트 밀실타설의 문제점을 해소하고 기둥의 띠철근 및 보의 스터럽을 고인성섬유 복합모르타르(HDFRM)로 대체한 실험체 (HJRP)의 경우 안정적인 이력거동, 충분한 내력확보 및 만족스런 파괴형태를 나타내었다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.617-624
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• 2008

잘 설계된 철골 모멘트 접합부의 경우, 유효회전능력에 도달하기 전에 국부좌굴이 발생하고 비탄성 후좌굴 변형이 접합부 회전능력을 정의하는데 중대한 역할을 한다. 이 연구에서는 국부좌굴로 인한 강도저하와 보 소성힌지의 회전을 모델링하여, 단조증가하중 및 반복하중이 작 용하는 특별철골모멘트골조의 강접합 보-기둥 접합부의 회전능력을 예측하기 위한 근사적 해석모델을 제안한다. 제안된 항복선 소성힌지 모델은 좌굴된 소성힌지부의 형상에 기초하여 항복선과 소성존으로 구성되고, 소성메커니즘을 통해 국부좌굴후의 거동까지 포함한 모멘트-회전각 관계를 제 공한다. 향상된 WUF-W 와 RBS 접합부를 위해 제안된 모델을 개발한 후 실험결과와 비교를 통해 검증하였다. 동반논문(변수연구)에서는 광범위 한 H-형강의 기하학적 변수 따른 접합부 회전능력에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.513-520
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 스트라치 시스템의 긴장설치과정 해석을 수행하기 위한 개선된 명시적 해석법을 제안하였다. 스트라치 시스템은 Stressed-Arch에서 유래한 용어로 슬리브에 의한 갭이 도입된 유동 하현재가 내부의 긴장재에 의한 초기장력의 도입으로 서서히 닫히게 되고, 이에 따라 전체 구조물이 상승하여 최종적인 아치형태의 구조물을 형성하는 독창적인 구조시스템이다. 스트라치 시스템의 초기장력 도입과정을 긴장설치(stress-erection process) 과정이라 하며, 초기곡률의 도입에 따라 유동 상현재에는 과도한 초기변형이 발생하여 소성거동에 의한 강체회전이 발생하는 불안정 구조물이 된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 스트라치 시스템의 불안정 거동특성을 해석하기 위해서 소성힌지가 적용된 보-기둥요소를 사용하여 유동상현재를 모델링하였고, 불안정 구조물의 해석법에 효과적으로 사용되는 동적이완법의 개선된 알고리즘을 개선하여, 실제 스트라치 구조물의 긴장설치과정 해석을 수행하였으며, 실제 프로젝트에 대한 해석결과의 분석을 통하여 제안된 해석법의 적용성을 검증하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

The aim of this paper is to design the blank shape of SPFH 590 high strength steel for stamping of the center hinge of automotive via numerical analyses and experiments for multi-stages transfer forming process. Three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element analyses for the transfer forming process with six stages were performed using a commercial code AUTOFORM V4.2. The influence of the blank shape on the formability and the shape conformity were quantitatively examined through the FE analyses. From the results of the FE analysis, a feasible shape of the blank and the forming load were estimated. Stamping experiments were carried out using the proposed blank shape. The results of experiments were shown that the center hinge parts with the desired shapes can be manufactured successfully as the proposed blank shape is used. Through the comparison of the results of the experiments with those of the analyses, it was shown that the estimation of blank shape using the FE analysis is a proper methodology to create a feasible shape of the blank for the center hinge of automotive.