• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.414-418
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• 2009

Pemphigus vulgaris is a chronic autoimmune intraepithelial blistering disease with oral mucosal manifestations that very often precede the skin lesions. The vesicles or bullae are produced by an acantholytic process, detachment of differentiating keratinocytes from one another in the epithelial stratum spino sum or spinous cell layer. The pathogenesis of this disease is initially manifested by IgG(mainly) binding to desmosome(desmoglein 3 or 1) in the intercellular spaces of epithelium. This autoantibody binding caused the release of a plasminogen activator(a proteolytic enzyme) from keratinocytes. This ultimately results in cell to cell separation. The mainstay therapy of pemphigus vulgaris is systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents to eliminate the pathogenic autoantibodies from circulation. A 41-year old woman presented with a 1.5 year history of oral ulceration. There were no lesions on the skin or other mucosal sites. Histology and immunostaining were consistent with pemphigus vulgaris. Control of oral ulceration and normal oral function were achieved after systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents were instituted.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.404-410
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• 1998

CHO 세포외 성장 및 생산성을 저해하는 엄포늄 이온의 동시 제거를 위해 PhJlhpsite~Gismondine 합성 zeolite가 alginate, cellulose acetate. dialysis membrane에 고정화된 흡착제가 개발되었다. 고정화 흡착체에 의한 암모늄 이온의 제거 효율 및 비에 따른 세표성장의 증진효과를 비교한 결과 최적의 고정화 흡착제로 membrane type이 선정되었다. 암모늄 이온의 제거 효파를 더욱더 명확하게 하고 고멸도의 세포 배양을 모사하가 위하여 8mM의 ammonium chloride를 첨가하고 membrane type 고정화 흡착제를 투여하여 암모늄 이온의 동시제거 효과를 조사한 결과 최대 세포 농도가 3배 이상 증가하였으며 생존율 역시 증가하였고 40%정도의 tPA 생산성 향상올 보여 주었다­. 이러한 증진 효과는 암모늄 이온의 고농도 시스템일수록 커졌다. 고정화 흡착제의 최적 투며 시기를 조사해본 결과 ammonium chlonde를 첨가하지 않았을 때 membrane type 고 정화 흡착제의 최적 투여 시기는 배양 시작 후 48시간이었고, 8mM의 ammonium chloride를 침가한 경우의 최적 투여 시기는 배양 시작 후 72시간이었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 연속확산식 무세포 단백질 발현 시스템을 이용한 이황화결합 함유 단백질의 생산 시, 발현된 단백질의 응집으로 인한 비활성화의 문제점이 분파샤페론을 통한 발현 단백질의 용해도 증가, 세포 파쇄액의 화학적 처리를 통한 환원활성 제거, 산화환원완충액을 이용한 적절한 산화환원전위의 제공 등을 통해 단백질의 폴딩에 유리한 반응조건을 구축함으로써 해결될 수 있음을 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 각종 게놈 시퀀싱 프로젝트의 빠른 진척에 따라 현재 요구되고 있는 고속, 고효율의 단백질 발현 수단으로써 무세포 단백질 발현 시스템이 적용될 수 있는 가능성을 높여 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2003년도 제120회 추계학술대회 제 5차 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회
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• pp.545-545
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• 2003

Chitosan is applied as a dressing for oral mucous wound and a tampon following radical treatment of maxillary sinus. Furthermore, it is being investigated as an absorbing membrane for endodontic and periodontic surgeries. A few studies have reported osteoconduction and osteogenesia at the site of chitosan implant in vivo. However, compared with soft tissue healing processes, the mechanisms concerning effects of chitosan for biological mineralization have not yet been resoil In the present study, we studied the gene expression pattern using cDNA microarray and RT-PCR analyses in hard tissue forming osteoblasts cultured with water-soluble and low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that 16 genes were expressed at 〉1.5-fold higher signal ratio levels in the experimental group compared with the control group after 3 days. RT-PCR analysis showed that chitosan oligomer induced an increase in the expression of two genes, CD56 antigen and tissue-type plasminogen activator. Furthermore, the expression of mRNAs for BMP-2 was almost identical in the experimental and control groups after 3 days of culture, but slightly increased after 7 days of culture with chitosan oligomer. These results suggest that a super-low concentration of chitooligosaccharide could modulate the activity of osteoblastic cells through mRNA levels and that the genes concerning cell proliferation and differentiation can be controlled by water-soluble chitosan.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.767-773
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• 2018

Three male patients diagnosed with surfer's myelopathy (19-30 years) were admitted to our hospital. All three patients were novice surfers showing a typical clinical course of rapid progression of paraplegia following the onset of back pain. Typical history and magnetic resonance imaging features indicated the diagnosis of surfer's myelopathy. Two patients received high-dose steroid therapy and the other was treated with induced hypertension. One patient treated with induced hypertension showed almost full recovery; however, two patients who received high-dose steroid therapy remained completely paraplegic and required catheterization for bladder and bowel dysfunction despite months of rehabilitation. Our case series demonstrates the potentially devastating neurological outcome of surfer's myelopathy; however, early recovery in the initial 24-72 hours of presentation can occur in some patients, which is in accordance with previous reports. Ischemic insult to the spinal cord is thought to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of surfer's myelopathy. Treatment recommendations include hydration, induced hypertension, early spinal angiography with intra-arterial intervention, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, and high-dose steroid therapy; however, there is no standardized treatment option available. Early recovery appears to be important for long-term neurological outcome. Induced hypertension for initial treatment can be helpful for improving spinal cord perfusion; therefore, it is important for early and long-term neurological recovery. Education and awareness are essential for preventing surfer's myelopathy and avoiding further deterioration of neurological function.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2019

Objective : In patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, collateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow has a protective role against ischemia. However, some of these patients may experience initial major neurological deficits and major worsening on following days. Thus, we investigated the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) for ICA occlusion with collateral MCA flow by comparing clinical outcomes of medical treatment versus EVT. Methods : The inclusion criteria were as follows : 1) acute ischemic stroke with ICA occlusion and presence of collateral MCA flow on transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA) and 2) hospital arrival within 12 hours from symptom onset. The treatment strategy was made by the attending physician based on the patient's clinical status and results of TFCA. Results : Eighty-one patients were included (30 medical treatment, 51 EVT). The EVT group revealed a high incidence of intracranial ICA occlusion, longer ipsilesional MCA contrast filling time, and a similar rate of favorable clinical outcome despite a higher mean baseline the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. By binary logistic regression analysis, intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and EVT were independent predictors of favorable clinical outcome. In subgroup analysis based on stroke etiology, the non-atherosclerotic group showed a higher baseline NIHSS score, higher incidence of EVT, and a higher rate of distal embolization during EVT in comparison with the atherosclerotic group. Conclusion : In patients with ICA occlusion and collateral MCA flow, decisions regarding treatment strategy based on TFCA can help achieve favorable clinical outcomes. EVT strategy with respect to etiology of ICA occlusion might help achieve better angiographic outcomes.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to the functional state of stroke patients after discharge from hospital. Methods : The data was provided from a hospital in Wonju, Gangwon-do. The subjects of the analysis were those who were admitted to the emergency room due to stroke from July to December 2016. The dependent variable was the patient's functional status as measured by the modified Rankin Scale(mRS). Independent variables were demographic factors (age, sex, and marriage status), transportation and distance factors (transportation, travel distance), inpatient factors (lengths of stay, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Tissue plasminogen activator, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Hierarchial regression analysis was applied for the analysis. Results : In the hierarchical regression analysis, Model 3, including socio-demographic factors, transportation, distance factors, and inpatient factors, was the best fitted model. It showed that functional status of stroke patients was positively associated with age, length of stay, CCI, NIHSS, and negatively associated with unmarried status. Conclusions : Results indicated that management of stroke requires care from the pre-disease stage, and a customized education program policy is needed for high-risk stroke patients who are older and have comorbid illness.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.431-443
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Nobiletin (NOB), a citrus flavonoid, is reported to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic health. However, there is limited research investigating the effect of long-term supplementation with low-dose NOB on high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced hypercholesterolemia and non-obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, we investigated the influence of NOB on hypercholesterolemia and NAFLD in HCD-fed mice. SUBJECTS/METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or HCD (35 kcal% fat, 1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid) with or without NOB (0.02%) for 20 weeks. RESULTS: HCD feeding markedly reduced the final body weight compared to ND feeding, with no apparent energy intake differences. NOB supplementation suppressed HCD-induced weight loss without altering energy intake. Moreover, NOB significantly decreased the total cholesterol (TC) levels and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/very-LDL-cholesterol to TC ratio, and increased the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol/TC ratio in plasma, compared to those for HCD feeding alone. The plasma levels of inflammatory and atherosclerosis markers (C-reactive protein, oxidized LDL, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) were significantly lower, whereas those of anti-atherogenic adiponectin and paraoxonase were higher in the NOB-supplemented group than in the HCD control group. Furthermore, NOB significantly decreased liver weight, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents, and lipid droplet accumulation by inhibiting messenger RNA expression of hepatic genes and activity levels of cholesterol synthesis-, esterification-, and fatty acid synthesis-associated enzymes, concomitantly enhancing fatty acid oxidation-related gene expression and enzyme activities. Dietary NOB supplementation may protect against hypercholesterolemia and NAFLD via regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism in HCD-fed mice; these effects are associated with the amelioration of inflammation and reductions in the levels of atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular markers. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that NOB may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCD-induced hypercholesterolemia and NAFLD.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2013

Objectives : Mori Folium was popularly used as one of the traditional medicinal herbs. Although M. Folium has been cultivated for rearing silkworm historically, it's use has been expanded as natural therapeutic agent for the treatment of filariasis, diabetes and dropsy in East Asia. However, little has been known about the effect of M. Folium on liver fibrosis. Therefore, we would like to explore an anti-fibrogenic potential of M. Folium extract (MFE) using immortalized human hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2 cells. Methods : We examined the effects of MFE on the transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$ ($TGF{\beta}1$)-induced liver fibrosis in LX-2 cells. Cell viability, Smad binding element-driven luciferase activity, phosphorylations level of Smad 2/3, and expression level of $TGF{\beta}1$-dependent target genes were monitored in the MFE-treated LX-2 cells. Results : Up to 30 ${\mu}g/ml$ MFE treatment did not show any possible toxic effect in LX-2 cells. MFE inhibited $TGF{\beta}1$-inducible Smad binding element-driven luciferase activity and decreased the $TGF{\beta}1$-inducible phosphorylations of Smad 2 and Smad 3 in hepatic stellate cell in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, increases of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, $TGF{\beta}1$ and matrix metalloproteinases 2 genes by $TGF{\beta}1$ were also attenuated by MFE treatment. Conclusions : These findings suggested that MFE would be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment liver fibrosis, which might be mediated by the inhibition of $TGF{\beta}1$-inducible Smad 2/3 transactivation and target genes expression.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.116-126
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• 2023

Mainly due to the slanted focus on the mechanism and regulation of neuronal aging, research on astrocyte aging and its modulation during brain aging is scarce. In this study, we established aged astrocyte culture model by long-term culturing. Cellular senescence was confirmed through SA-β-gal staining as well as through the examination of morphological, molecular, and functional markers. RNA sequencing and functional analysis of astrocytes were performed to further investigate the detailed characteristics of the aged astrocyte model. Along with aged phenotypes, decreased astrocytic proliferation, migration, mitochondrial energetic function and support for neuronal survival and differentiation has been observed in aged astrocytes. In addition, increased expression of cytokines and chemokine-related factors including plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1) was observed in aged astrocytes. Using the RNA sequencing results, we searched potential drugs that can normalize the dysregulated gene expression pattern observed in long-term cultured aged astrocytes. Among several candidates, minoxidil, a pyrimidine-derived anti-hypertensive and anti-pattern hair loss drug, normalized the increased number of SA-β-gal positive cells and nuclear size in aged astrocytes. In addition, minoxidil restored up-regulated activity of PAI-1 and increased mitochondrial superoxide production in aged astrocytes. We concluded that long term culture of astrocytes can be used as a reliable model for the study of astrocyte senescence and minoxidil can be a plausible candidate for the regulation of brain aging.