• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.846-854
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• 1995

Taurine concentrations in blood and various tissues were measured in cats fed normal trurine diet(0.15% taurine) and trurine-free diet(0% taurine) for 5 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively. Cumulative body weight gain in young cats fed normal taurine diet and taurine-free diet for the initial 5 weeks were 463$\pm$43g and 383$\pm$53g respectively. Taurine concentration was one to two orders magnitude higher in most tissues than in plasma, among which the liver taurine-free diet for 12 weeks resulted in 98% reduction in plasma taurine concentration, 93% reduction in whole blood tarurine concentration, and 40~90% reduction in tissue taurine concentrations compared to the values for normal taurine diet group. Among the tissues tested, taurine depletion was most profound in heart and kidney, while liver and intestine were relatively resistant to taurine depletion. Whole blood taruined concentration appeared to be a better index for the body taurine status of cats as in more closely reflects the rate of taurine depletion in tissues. Taurine depletion in cats significantly increased the concentrations of essential and non-essential free amino acids in liver, while free amino acid concentrations in other tissues were not affected by taurine depletion.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2003

Effect of taurine treatment on metabolism of glutathione (GSH) was studied in adult male ICR mice. An acute injection of taurine (250 mg/kg, ip) resulted in a significant decline of hepatic GSH level at t = 6 hr, but plasma GSH level was not altered. The activity of GSH-related enzyme in liver, such as GSH peroxidase, GSSG reductase, GSH S-transferases, ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase or ${\gamma}$-glutamyltranspeptidase, was not affected by taurine at t = 2.5 or 6 hr. Plasma cysteine and cystine levels were elevated rapidly following taurine treatment. Hepatic cysteine level was decreased by taurine, reaching a level approximately 70％ of control at t = 4 and 6 hr. In conclusion, the results indicate that an acute dose of taurine decreases hepatic GSH level by reducing the availability of cysteine, an essential substrate for synthesis of this tripeptide in liver. It is also suggested that taurine may decrease the cysteine uptake by competing with this S-amino acid for a non-specific amino acid transporter.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.194-198
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• 2000

Taurine, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid is widely distributed in animal tissues and has a variety of bio-logical activities. A recent worldwide study demonstrated beneficial effects of taurine on aging and age-associated disorders. In general, taurine levels in the brain decease when an animal is subjected to pathologic conditions such as ischemia-anoxia and seizure. But the taurine levles tend to increase in the brain in hypertensive state. In the present study, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport of [$^3$H]taurine was compared between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) using intravenous injection technique in vivo. We also obtained pharmacokinetic parameters of plasma volume maker, [$^{14}$ C] sucrose and [$^3$H]taurine after inject to rats simulatenously. BBB permeability surface area product (PS) value of [$^3$H]taurine in SHR (16$\pm$2.9$\times$10$^{-3}$ ml/min/g) was significantly higher than that in SD (7.4$\pm$0.8$\times$10$^{-3}$ ml/min/g). There is also significant difference for brain uptake of [$^3$H]taurine between SHR (0.195$\pm$0.031%ID/g) and SD (0.058$\pm$0.003% ID/g). This is due to difference of area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and that of total clearance (Class) between SHR and SD. No significant difference was indicated from other organ uptakes such as lung, heart, liver SHR and SD. But also kidney uptake was much higher in SHR. In conclusion, [$^3$H]taurine in plasma was slowly eliminated in SHR than in SD and uptake of [$^3$H]taurine in SHR is much higher than that of SD. This results suggest increased taurine level in the brain in hypertension state have an any effect on the brain uptake of taurine.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

This study investigated the effect of dietary taurine supplementation on the plasma and liver lipid concentrations in lats fed a cholesterol free diet Twenty male-Sprague-Dawley rats(body weight $200{\pm}10g$) were divided into two groups, the control and taurine group(2% taurine supplemented in their diet). All the rats were fed on the experimental diet and deionized water for 6 weeks libitum. There were no significant differences body weight gain, food intake and the food efficiency ratio between the control and experimental groups. The rats fed the taurine diet had a significantly lower triglyceride and AI(athrogenic index) than those fed the control diet The liver total cholesterol (p<0.05) and triglyceride levels(p<0.01) were significantly lower in the rats fed the taurine diet than in those fed the control diet. These results suggest a possible role of taurine as a hypolipidemic agent in male rats fed a cholesterol free diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.260-266
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• 1996

Eighteen crossbred pigs were weaned at 4 days of age and fed up to 28 days of age to examine the effect of sulfur amino acid content of three diets upon plasma taurine concentration and hepatic cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity. The experimental diets consisted of either whey protein (W) or partialy hydrolyzed soy protein (S) as the source of protein. 0.25% methionine was added to the S diet for the third dietary regimen (SM). Sulfur amino acid content(methionine plus cystine)of the three diets was 1.53%, 1.34% and 1.09% for the W, SM and S diet, respectively. Plasma taurine concentration from the pigs fed the three experimental diets reflected the total sulfur amino acid content of the diet. The S diet resulted in a significantly lower plasma tarrine level than the W and SM diets throughout the experiment. After three weeks, pigs fed the W diet had significantly higher plasma taurine concentration than those fed SM diet. Therfore it appears that taurine requirement of the pig depends on the sulfur amino acid contents of the diets and the conversion o sulfur amino acid to taurine seemed not to be limited by any factor when sulfur amino acid was below 1.53% of the diet. There was no significant difference between three dietary groups in hepatic cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity and this suggests that the reduced cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity due to high sulfur amino acid in the diet may not occur in the pig liver.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2005

The propose of this study was to investigate taurine intake in formula-fed and breast-fed infants and to estimate the level of taurine of blood and urine in order to determine the requirement of taurine intake in infants. These results will be useful to suggest the guideline of requirement of taurine intake and may contribute toward the proper use of breast milk substitutes. Experimental groups were breast-fed infants (n=10) and formula-fed infants (n=10) of 20 normal delivery infants in general hospital. This study was longitudinal study from birth up to 16weeks (0 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks). The items of test were anthropometry(weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference), intake of taurine, taurine level of blood and urine in breast-fed and formula-fed infants. There were no significant differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants in weight, height, head and chest circumference. There is a need for future studies of exclusive infants with larger samples to determine which growth pattern should be considered as the norm. Taurine concentration of plasma and urine did not differ between breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Taurine intake recommendations for infants is about 30mg/day from this study. This data will be useful for production of human-like formula milk and suggestion of an index of selection of a consumer in taurine.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1310-1317
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• 2003

본 논문은 타우린 및 콜레스테롤이 체내 항산화체계 및 지질과산화물농도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 흰쥐를 대상으로 콜레스테롤(1.5%) 및 타우린(1.5%)이 첨가된 식이로 5주간 사육하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫 번째로 혈장의 MDA 농도는 콜레스테롤 또는 타우린 첨가에 의해 유의한 영향을 받지 않은 반면, 간조직의 MDA 농도는 HCD군에서 CD군에 비해 70% 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 고콜레스테롤식이에 타우린을 첨가해 준 결과 간조직의 지질과산화물 농도가 HCD군에 비해 유의하게 감소한 반면(p<0.05),콜레스테롤을 섭취하지 않는 상태에서 타우린을 첨가한 HTD군의 경우에는 간조직 MDA 농도가 대조군(CD)과 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않아 식이내 타우린 첨가가 간의 지질과산화물 농도에 미치는 영향은 콜레스테롤 섭취수준에 의해 그 결과가 상이하게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 두 번째, 혈장 및 간조직 의 GSH-Px 활성 은 식이내 콜레스테롤 및 타우린 첨가에 의해 유의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 간조직의 총SOD활성은 타우린 첨가에 의해 감소되었으며 (p<0.05), HTD군에서 CD군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였고 (p<0.05), HCHTD군의 경우에는 HCD군에 비해 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 통계적 유의성은 나타나지 않았다. 세 번째, 혈장 및 간조직의 지질과산화물농도, 항산화효소 활성, 콜레스테롤 및 타우린농도와의 상관관계를 평가한 결과, 혈장 총콜레스테롤농도는 간조직의 콜레스테롤농도와 매우 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.712 p<0.001). 혈장(r=0.399, p < 0.05) 또는 간조직의 콜레스테롤농도(r=0.429, p <0.05)는 간조직의 MDA농도와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 혈장 타우린농도는 간조직의 GSH-Px 활성과는 유의하지는 않지만 음의 상관관계(r=-0.188, p > 0.05)를, 그리고 간조직의 SOD활성과는 유의적인 음의 상관관계(r=-0.481,p < 0.01)를 나타냈다. 한편, 간조직의 총 SOD 활성은 간조직의 GSH-Px 활성과 유의한 양의 상관관계 (r=0.554, p<0.001)를 나타내, 두가지 항산화효소의 활성이 서로 밀접하게 연관되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 콜레스테롤이 산화촉진제로 작용하여 조직의 지질과산화가 촉진된 상황에서 타우린의 보충섭취가 간조직의 SOD 활성을 감소시키고 MDA 수준을 유의하게 감소시킨 본 연구의 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 산화적 손상을 초래하지 않는 안전한 혈중 지질저하제로서 타우린의 이용 가능성이 전망된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.29.1-29.10
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• 2016

Background: It is known that large dogs who are fed lamb and rice diets are at increased risk to develop taurine-deficiency-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. Since dogs obligatorily conjugate bile acids (BA) with taurine, we determined whether rice bran (RB) or other fibers (cellulose; CL, beet pulp; BP) would affect BA excretion and/or the taurine status of dogs. Results: Eighteen medium/large mixed-breed dogs were given purified diets containing CL, BP, or RB for 12 weeks. Taurine concentrations in plasma and whole blood were significantly decreased at week 12. The BP group, compared to the CL or RB groups, showed significantly lower taurine concentrations in plasma ($6.5{\pm}0.5$ vs $20.4{\pm}3.9$ and $13.1{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol/L$, respectively, P < 0.01, $mean{\pm}SEM$) and in whole blood ($79{\pm}10$ vs $143{\pm}14$ and $127{\pm}14{\mu}mol/L$, respectively, P < 0.01), lower apparent protein digestibility ($81.9{\pm}0.6$ vs $88.8{\pm}0.6$ and $88.1{\pm}1.2%$, respectively, P < 0.01), and higher BA excretions ($5.6{\pm}0.1$ vs $3.4{\pm}0.5$ and $3.4{\pm}0.4{\mu}mol/g$ feces, respectively, P < 0.05) at week 12. Conclusions: These results do not support the hypothesis that RB is likely to be a primary cause of lamb meal and rice diets, increasing the risk of taurine deficiency in large dogs. However these indicate that BP may contribute to a decrease taurine status in dogs by increasing excretion of fecal BA and decreasing protein digestibility, thus decreasing the bioavailability of sulfur amino acids, the precursors of taurine.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.501-510
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• 2010

This study was conducted to assess blood components caused by metabolic syndrome increasing in postmenopausal elderly women. The blood samples of these subjects were analyzed to investigate the correlation of plasma taurine levels and plasma homocysteine levels, and serum lipid profiles. The subjects were 33 elderly women($72.8{\pm}4.4$ years). Their mean height, weight and BMI were $150.5{\pm}5.7\;cm$, $57.5{\pm}6.3\;kg$ and $25.4{\pm}2.5\;kg/m^2$. 16 women of this study subjects have been chronic diseases such as hypertension or diabetes. Their fasting blood glucose was $98.2{\pm}24.0\;mg/d{\ell}$, and their plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride(TG) were $216.5{\pm}29.9$, $52.1{\pm}10.7$, $145.7{\pm}27.9$ and $141.2{\pm}59.6\;mg/d{\ell}$, respectively. Their blood lipid profiles were higher than the standard levels of metabolic syndrome, thus these levels of lipid profiles may play a role as risk factors on the elderly person. Plasma taurine level of the subjects was $278.5{\pm}48.1\;{\mu}mol/{\ell}$, and their plasma homocysteine level was $12.8{\pm}2.9\;{\mu}mol/{\ell}$. The concentration of plasma vitamin $B_{12}$ was significantly decreased by aging(p<0.05). The correlation of plasma homocysteine and plasma folate showed significantly negative(p<0.05). Thus, the decreased levels of plasma vitamin $B_{12}$ and folate by aging might affect on the plasma homocyteine concentration acting as a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases for elderly person. The correlation of plasma taurine and hemoglobin, and their platelet showed significantly positive(p<0.05). In conclusion, the diet on the elderly person is one of the important factors to prevent their health from chronic diseases. This study recommends that well balanced diets are needed for elderly person to keep their health and prevent from metabolic syndrome.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2002

This study compared the blood-brain barrier permeability of [$^3H$] taurine in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) and normal mouse with common carotid artery perfusion (CCAP) method and intravenous injection technique to establish a possible relation between aging and changes in tissue levels of taurine. The SAM strains show senescence acceleration and age-associated pathological phenotypes similar to geriatric disorders seen in humans. In the result of this experiments, the plasma clearance of [$^3H$]taurine in SAM was almost comparable with that of normal mice by intravenous injection technique, but the brain volume of distribution ($V_{D brain}$) of [$^3H$]taurine in SAM by CCAP method reduced by 85% compared with that in normal mice. These results suggest that aging may have an effect on the brain transport activity of taurine in disease state model animal.