• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.2249-2254
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• 2008

A non-thermal micron size plasma needle is applicable for medical treatment because it includes radicals, charged particles, ultraviolet emission, and strong electric fields. The electric fields around the plasma needle device driven by a radio frequency wave are investigated in order to calculate the power delivered to the cell. A commercial multi-physics code, CFD-ACE, was utilized for the calculation of electric fields for the optimization of the needle structure. The electric field and energy absorption profiles are presented with the variation of the device structure and the distance between the needle and tissues. The living tissues effectively absorb the radio frequency power from the plasma needle device with the covered pyrex structure.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.452-458
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• 2022

Three types of gas-liquid hybrid horizontal, vertical and needle-to-cylinder plasma reactors were fabricated. Through these reactors, a high-efficiency, eco-friendly cleaning concept that generates reactive active species generated in atmospheric plasma discharge and gas-liquid activation reaction of cleaning components through the potential difference within the electrode was presented. As a result of comparing the efficiency for cleaning performance, the needle-to-cylinder type reactor had the best characteristics. Through this study, it was confirmed that the gas-liquid hybrid atmospheric pressure plasma reactor has the potential to be applied to ultra-precision cleaning processes such as semiconductor processes.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.1972-1977
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• 2007

Micro plasma has been recently studied to investigate the effects on various cells. We study a micro-plasma produced by a plasma needle that is operated with RF power and its effects on G361 melanoma cells. The micro plasma size ranges from sub-mm to several mm at a few watts of RF power. For the bio-medical treatment, low-temperature plasma is obtained and gas temperature is controlled within several tens of degrees $(^{\circ}C)$ in order not to disturb cell activities. Elementary spectroscopic studies to obtain plasma characteristics are presented for Ar and He plasma with different frequencies of RF power. Also the preliminary results of the micro plasma effects on G361 melanoma cells are presented. It was observed that the irradiation of micro plasma induces cell death through the deprivation of tyrosine phosphorylation in the G361 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.926-930
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• 2003

Effects of powdered pine needle (Pinus densiflora seib et Zucc) on serum and liver lipid composition and antioxidative capacity were investigated in rat fed high oxidized fat. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 161.25$\pm$2.51 g were blocked into four groups according to body weight and raised seven weeks with basal diet (normal group, I), basal diet and 10% oxidized fat (control group, II), basal diet, 10% oxidized fat and 2% powdered pine needle (2% powdered pine needle group, III) and basal diet, 10% oxidized fat and 3% powdered pine needle (3% powdered pine needle group, IV). Food intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency were not significantly different among oxidized fat diet groups. The level of plasma total cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease, whereas the plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration revealed a tendency to increase in pine needle groups. However plasma triglyceride level showed no significant differences in the treatment groups. Intake of the oxidized fat has increased the levels of liver cholesterol and triglyceride. The powdered pine needle showed a tendency to decrease thiobarbituric acid values in plasma and liver. The pine needle samples have also decreased the plasma GOT and GPT activities, whereas they have increased the liver glutathione peroxidase activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.114-119
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• 2009

In this research, heat-acupuncture needle was coated with $Al_2O_3$ by applying a plasma spray coating method to prevent a skin burn. $Al_2O_3$, which is one of the representative bioceramics, does not have an influence on the chemical change in the body system. The ceramic coating thickness was about $100{\mu}m$. The experiments of heat conduction were performed for uncoated needle and coated needle. The results showed that the surface temperature of needle decreased as the needle was coated with $Al_2O_3$. The surface temperature of uncoated needle was about $48^{\circ}C$, while that of needle coated with $Al_2O_3$ was about $39^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1186-1190
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• 2000

Effects of pine needle on lipid composition and TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) were investigated in rat fed high cholesterol. Plasma total cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease in pine needle group(P<0.05), however plasma HDL-cholesterol and liver total cholesterol showed no significantly different(P>0.05). Contents of plasma TBARS ranged from 23.15 nmol/ml to 35.38 nmol/ml and pine needle feeding resulted in a decrease in plasma TBARS(P<0.05). Contents of TBARS in liver showed a tendency to increase in the cholesterol group, however these values were lowered by pine needle feeding(P<0.05). Activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver alues showed no significantly different among treatment groups (P>0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.512-513
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• 2013

Space and time resolved discharge images from an atmospheric pressure non-thermal Ar plasma jet have been observed by a ICCD camera to investigate the electron temperatures. Plasma jet device consisting of a syringe electrode inserted into a glass tube has been introduced. A high voltage is applied to the syringe electrode. The syringe needle has an outer diameter of 1.8 mm, an inner diameter of 1.3 mm, and a total length of 39.0 mm. The needle is inserted into a glass tube of outer diameter 2.4 mm and inner diameter 2.0 mm, and a total length of 80.0 mm. The Ar plasma propagation speed on the cathode has been shown to be about 2.1 km/s at input discharge voltage of 3.6 kV, discharge current of 19.9 mA and driving frequency of about 45 kHz. Particularly, the electron temperature in plasma jet were found to be about 1.8 eV at input discharge voltage of 3.6 kV and driving frequency of 45 kHz, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.165-177
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine effects of acupuncture by needle manipulation at $LR1{\cdot}Kl1$ on the blood pressure, plasma levels of ANP(atrial natriuretic peptide), renin and cardiomegalic index in hypertensive rat Induced by two kidney one clip(2K1C). Material and methods : The groups divided into 7 groups; Control, no treatment. Acu-1,acupuncture at $LR1{\cdot}Kl1$ bilaterally and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the thumb of the right hand 6 times. Acu-2, acupuncture at $LR1{\cdot}Kl1$ bilaterally and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the forefinger of the right hand 6 times. Acu-3, acupuncture at $LR1{\cdot}Kl1$ bilaterally and the needle was inserted in the opposite direction(body direction) as the channel runs, Acu-4, acupuncture at $LR1{\cdot}Kl1$ bilaterally, the needle was inserted in the opposite direction(body direction) as the channel runs and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the forefinger of the right hand 6 times. The acupuncture executed 5times for 2 weeks. Results : Systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly in Acu-2, Acu-3 and Acu-4. Plasma renin was decreased significantly in Acu-2 and Acu-4. Plasma ANP was increased significantly in Acu-2, however was decreased significantly in Acu-4. Cardiac hypertrophy index was decreased significantly in Acu-1, Acu-2, Acu-3 and Acu-4. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture by needle manipulation at $LR1{\cdot}Kl1$ is effective in hypertension by renal blood problem.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.337-352
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• 1999

The effects of dried leaf powders and ethanol extract of persimmon, green tea and pine needle on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative activity were investigated in rats. Forty-nine male Spargue-Dawley rats weighing 107.8$\pm$1.8g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for four weeks with diets containing either 5%(w/w) dried leaf powders of one of three different Korea traditional teas, persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb), green tea(Camellia Sinensis O.Ktzc)or pine needle(pinus Koreansis Sieb. Et Zucc), or ethanol from equal amounts of each dried tea powder. Food intake, weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney and epididymal fat were significantly higher in the green-tea-powder group, and significantly lower in the pine-needle-powder and pine-needle-extract groups. Persimmon-leaf powder was found to decrease plasma total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentration by increasing fecal total lipid triglyceride and cholesterol excretions. Liver cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the green-tea and pine-needle-extract groups. Red-blood-cell superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) activities were significantly increased in rats fed green-tea extract. Liver SOD activity was increased in rats fed pine-needle powder or extract, and liver GSH-px activity was increased in rats fed greentea powder. Plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentration were both decreased in rats fed dried leaf posers or extracts of persimmon or green tea. It is believed that high vitamin E levels in persimmon leaf, and high flavonoid, beta-carotene and vitamin C levels in green tea effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, persimmon and green tea leaves were effective in lowering lipid levels and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in animal tissue, while pine needles were effective and lowering body weight gain. From these results, persimmon and green tea leaves can be recommended in the treatment and prevention of chronic discorders such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and aging. As ethanol extracts from these teas were also effecitive in lowering tissue lipid levels and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, we recommend the use of discarded tea grounds for this.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.167-173
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of the low temperature atmospheric plasma device with needle tip designed for easy approach to the oral cavity and root canal against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The antibacterial activities evaluated by measuring clear zone of agar plate smeared with each bacteria after plasma treatment. To quantify antibacterial effects, dilution plate method was used. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for observation of changes in bacterial morphology. As treatment time of plasma increased, the clear zone was enlarged. The death rate was more than 99%. The SEM results showed that the globular shape of bacteria was distorted. These results suggest that needle tip plasma could be an innovative device for prevention of dental caries, and treatment of apical infection and soft tissue diseases.