• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1997.04b
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• pp.13-16
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• 1997

The permeation, solution and diffusion of simple gases ($He, H_2, O_2, N_2$ and CH$_4$) and condensible vapers($CO_2, SO_2, C_2H_4$ and $C_3H_8$), and the mixed gases ($O_2/N_2$ mixtures and $CO_2/CH_4$ mixtures) through composite membrane was studied. Composit membranes were made by deposition of aromatic fluorocarbons onto polymer substrams of porous Celgard in a microwave discharge. In the both cases of simple gases and condensible vapors, as the kinetic molecular diameter of the permeant molecules increased, the permeability decreased. However, when the kinetic molecular dimemr are similar, the condensible vapors showed higher permeabilities than that of permanent gases. The vapor solubility increased with increasing critical temperature of the vapors. However, in the case of propane, despite its high critical temperature, it showed lower solubility than other vapors. The vapor diffusivity decreased with increasing kinetic diameter of the molecule. Compared to conventional polymers, the plasma polymers showed much lower values for vapor diffusivities. The pressure of the permeant did not affect the permeability. The permeability was also not affected by the composition in cases of mixed gases.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.49-50
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• 1995

고분자분리막을 이용한 기체 혼합물의 분리방법은 심냉법(cryogenic process), 가압기체흡착법(Pressure adsorption)과 더불어 상업적으로 중요한 기체분리공정으로 부각되고 있다. 특히 고분자막 중 Polyimide 막은 열적, 화학적으로 안정하고 기체에 대한 선택성이 높으며 기계적 성질이 뛰어나 좋은 막소재로 알려져 있다. 그러나 투과도와 선택도사이에 일반적으로 Trade-off 현상이 있어서 투과도와 선택도를 동시에 향상 하려는 연구가 수행중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 높은 산소투과도를 갖는다고 보고된 6FDA-p-TeMPD막에 hexafluoropropene (HEP)으로 Plasma polymerization을 시키거나 CF$_4$, Ar기체가 플라즈마처리하여 투과특성을 개선시키고 이를 비교 고찰하였다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.183-190
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• 1997

Composite membranes were prepared by the deposition of pentafluoropyridine(PFP) or pentafluorotoluene(PFT) plasma films onto porous Celgard and nonporous poly(dimethylsiloxane) [PDMS] films. Gas permeation measurements for the composite membranes were made in the temperature range of 35$^{\circ}$C to 75 $^{\circ}$C and the solubilities in plasma polymers were measured using a Cahn Microbalance. The permeability coefficients of plasma polymers obeyed the Arrhenius relationship fairly wall. Activation energies for permeation in the plasma films increased with the size of penetrant molecules. The activation energy of plasma polymers was much lower than that of commonly used perfluoropolymers. This difference was proved to be attributable to the much lower heat of solutions of the plasma polymers compared to perfluoropolymers. The diffusion activation energies were comparable with each other.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.63-65
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• 1998

1. Introduction : Atmospheric discharge of VOC-contaminated streams in chemical plants and air streams from chemical processes poses a serious environmental problem and entails large financial losses. Such emissions may be reduced by i) adsorption process, ii) absorption process and iii) incineration process. These processes only forbids the air pollutions. Throughout the recent decade, another technique-membrane process has emerged. The separation and recovery of organic vapors by membrane process may have great economic potential. Most of the published research works on the separation of organic vapors from air were performed using silicon rubber membranes. However, it is very difficult to fabricate very thin membranes with less than 1 $u m thickness. Plasma polymerization could be a good technique to generate a thin polymer film. The objective of this work is to find out the optimum condition of plasma polymerization for producing VOC separation membrane. For the objective, composite membranes are prepared through plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane onto porous substrates under different conditions. The membrane is then subjected to the permeation of permanent gases and VOCs to find the correlations between the physical properties of the penetrant and permeability and selectivity.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.205-212
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• 1994

Gas permeation properties of simple gases(He, $H_2,\;CO_2,\;O_2,\;N_2,\;CH_4$) through plasma-polymerized films were investigated, and the chemical structure of the plasma polymers was analyzed by infrared spectra. The plasma-polymerized films were prepared by plasma polymerization of fluorine-containing aromatic compounds, and permeation measurements were made at $35^{\circ}C$, latm. The permeability coefficient of the plasma films decreased as the size of penetrant molecules increased. The plasma polymers showed higher $CO_2/CH_4$ selectivities than those of commonly used polymers, while $O_2/N_2$ selectivities were similar of slightly lower than those of common polymers. FT-IR spectra shows that the plasma polymers contain both aromatic and aliphatic structures.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2003

Abstract: The surfaces of poly (methylpentene)(PMP) were modified by Af and $NH_3$ plasma treatment, and their effects on permeation characteristics were investigated. The mole ratio of O/C in the surface was increased with Ar plasma treatment and consequently the surface became hydrophilic because of the possible formation of -OH, -COOH and C=O. The surface treated by $NH_3$ plasma also became hydrophilic due to the formation of amine and/or amide groups. The $CO_2$ permeability and its actual selectivity over N_2$ were 182 baller and 6.17 for the optimum condition of Ar-30W-6min, while 144 Baller and 6.13 for that of $NH_3$-30 W-8 min.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.699-706
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• 2018

The permeation properties of plasma polymer membranes were studied for permanent gases such as He, $H_2$, $O_2$, $N_2$, $CH_4$ and condensable vapors such as $CO_2$, $C_2H_4$, $C_3H_8$. The plasma polymers were prepared by the discharge of microwave or radiofrequency(RF) wave. Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) vapor was used as a monomer for plasma polymerization. In HMDS plasma-polymerized membranes prepared under microwave discharge, the permeability coefficient was dependent of the kinetic molecular diameter of the permeate gases. Additionally the membranes showed higher $O_2/N_2$ permselectivity compared to the plasma polymers from radiofrequency discharge. On the contrary, in the HMDS plasma-polymerized membranes prepared under radiofrequency discharge, the permeability coefficient was dependent of the critical temperature of the permeant gases. The membranes showed high selectivities of $C_2H_4$ and $C_3H_8$ over $N_2$. The permeability coefficient of plasma polymerized membranes prepared under microwave discharge was dependent of the molecular diameter of permeant gases because of high crosslinking density of the membrane. However, the crosslinking density of the plasma polymerized membranes prepared under RF discharge was lower because the energy density of RF wave is weaker than that of microwave. Hence, the permeability of RF plasma polymerized membranes became dependent of the critical temperature rather than molecular diameter of the gases.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.503-507
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• 1998

Percutaneous absorption and model membrane variations of melationin (MT) in aqueous-based propylene glycol and $2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin $vehicles were investigatted. the excised hairless mouse skin (HMS) and two synthetic ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and microporous polyethylene (MPE) were selected as a model membrane. the solubility of MT was determined by phase equilibrium study. the vertical $Franz{\circledR}$ type cell was used for diffusion study. The concentration of MT was determined using reverse phse HPLC system. The MT solubility was the highest in a mixture of PG and $2-HP{\beta}CD$. The percutaneous absorption of MT through excised HMS increased as the solubility increased. However, the permeability coefficient decreased and then slightly increased in mixture of PG and $2-HP{\beta}CD$. On the other hand, both flux and permeability coefficient through EVA membrane decreased as the solubility increased. No MT was detected over 12 h after starting diffusion through MPE membrane. The flux of MT was dependent on the type of membrane selected. Flux of MT was greatest in excised HMS followed by EBA and MPE membrane. Flux of MT through EVA membrane was 5-20 times lower when compared to excised HMS. Interestingly, volumes of donor phase when MPE membrane was used, significantly increased during the study period. the HMS might be applicable to expect plasma concentration of MT in human subjects based on flux and pharmacokinetic parameters as studied previously. the current studies may be applied to deliver MT transdermally using aqueous-based vehicles and to fabricate MT dosage forms.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 1984

The pharmaceutical characteristics of solid indoprofen inclusion complex such as dissolution, permeation through a cellophane membrane, model analysis of interfacial tranesfer, absorption behaviors in rat intestine, and the plasma concentration of indoprofen after oral administrations to rabbits were examined in comparison with those indoprofen alone. The inclusion complex obtained by freeze-drying method showed the higher dissolution rate and membrane permeability among the test powders, and increased significantly the amont of indoprofen absorbed in rat intestine and the levels of plasma concentration of indoprofen after oral adminstrations to rabbits. The increase of bioavailability of $indoprofen-{\beta}-cyclodextrin$ complex was considered due to the increased solubility and dissolution rate of solid powder form.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.687-693
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• 2002

The surface of polyethersulfone(PES) membrane treated by Ar, $NH_3$ plasma, and the effects were observed before and after the treatment. The membrane treated by Ar plasma was increased the O/C ratio and measured the hydrophilic group, and the one by $NH_3$ plasma was attached the amine group and the amino group. In addition, with the wettability of polyethersulfone membrane $CO_2$ and the polar functional groups of surface interacted increasingly. Thus by comparable increase of the soluble selectivity $CO_2$ to $N_2$ both the permeability and the selectivity of $CO_2$ was improved. The optimum condition for the $CO_2$ permeation and actual separation factor of the plasma treated membrane was as follows; the measurement of Ar-10 W-2 min plasma treatment was $13.19{\times}10^{-10}cm^3(STP)cm/cm^2{\cdot}s{\cdot}cmHg$ and 20.12, and the measurement of $NH_3$-50 W-2 min plasma treatment was $15.40{\times}10^{-10}cm^3(STP)cm/cm^2{\cdot}s{\cdot}cmHg$ and 20.06.