• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.920-926
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• 1997

In order to observe the effect of tannin on plasma lipid status in human, tannin was supplemented with increasing amounts from 0 to 0.5, 1.0, 2.5g/d early week until 4th week. The results obtained from this research are a follows. Concentration of total lipid in plasma was significantly lower compared to the control group when the level of tannin supplementation was 0.5g/day while the level of tannin 1.0g/day and 2.5g/day did not affect to change the total lipid level. There seems to be no obvious improvement of the plasm lipid status respect to different tannin levels. Despite the result, the excretion of total bile acids in feces was increased and total lipid in plasma was reduced significantly during first time supplementation compared the control.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.525-532
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the age-related changes of the lipid metabolism and thrombogenic capacity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at the ages of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 months old. Total lipid, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol in plasma and liver, HDL-cholesterol concentration, and eicosanoid contents in plasma were measured. Lipid peroxides were determined by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in LDL fraction. Body weight was increased continuous until 16 months and decreased after 20 months. Epididymal fat pad (EFP) weight was increased continuously until 20 months and decreased at 24 months. Total lipid and TG concentrations in plasma were increased until 20 months and then rapidly decreased at 24 months but plasma cholesterol was increased continuously with aging. HDL-cholesterol level was increased continuously until 12 months, but decreased at 16 months and maintained there after. The TBARS levels in LDL fraction were the highest level at 24 months. Liver total lipid, TG, and total cholesterol concentrations were shown a tendency to increase with aging, and especially TG concentration was increased rapidly from 12 months to 16 months. Plasma thromboxane B$_2$ (TXB$_2$) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F$_1$ (6-keto-PGF$_1$) contents did not change with aging, but the ratio of TXB$_2$/6-keto-PGF$_1$ was increased with aging, especially from 8 to 12 months. These results showed that lipid levels in plasma and liver, TBARS levels in LDL fraction, and TXB$_2$/6-keto-PGF$_1$ ratio were increased with aging.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.477-491
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• 1990

To observe the effect of dietary n6 linoleic acid, n6 gamma-linolenic acid and n3 alphalinolenic acid aon plasma lipid composition and platelet aggregation, twenty college women were divided into 4 groups and treated for 2 weeks with experimental diets supplying fat at 23% cal which were different only in fatty acid composition. Dietary fat was corn oil(CO) as a source of n6 linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) for n3 alpha-linolenic acid(ALA) and evenign primrose oil(EPO) for n6 gamma-linolenic acid(GLA). Plasma cholesterol level was slightly decreased by PL(13.5g) but significantly increased by equal amount of CO. However, there was similar hypocholeaterolemic effect when double amount of CO(27.0g), was supplemented. Therefore, total fat unsaturation may be more important factor for plasma cholesterol-lowering effect than the structure of fatty acid itself. Plasma cholesterol level was not lowered by supplement of GLA in CO diet. There was similar trend in hypotriglyceridemic effect by PO and CO as in plasma cholesterol. Plasma TG level was rather increased but not significantly by GLA supplement to CO diet. Overall, plasma lipid-lowering effect was greater by ALA than LA and GLA effect was not greater than by LA. GLA supplement did not significantly improve lipid compositions to prevent against CHD. There was no significant change both in fatty acid composition in platelet and ADP-induced platelet aggregation by GLA supplement to corn oil diet and by ALA in PO diet in young women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.819-827
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• 1994

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 50% buckwheat diet on the body weight, organ weight, urine albumin, urine glucose, plasma glucose and plasma lipid in normal rats and diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin(STZ). The food intake, body weight, the level of urine glucose in diabetic buckwheat groups were not significantly different with diabetic control group. The level of urine albumin was lower in raw and steam buckwheat group than in the diabetic control group. Compared to the normal control group, liver and kidney weights were heavier in the diabetic groups. Pancreas weight was heavier diabetic buckwheat groups than in normal and diabetic control groups. Fasting plasma glucose level of diabetic buckwheat groups significantly decreased by 18-37% compared with the diabetic control group. Plasma triglyceride level of diabetic buckwheat groups significantly decreased by 34-50% compared with the diabetic control group. Plasma total cholesterol level of diabetic buckwheat groups decreased by 15-27% compared with the diabetic control group. The level of HDL-cholesterol was not affected by buckwheat diet. These results indicate that buckwheat is an effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in diabetics.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2006

Dongchunghacho rice, produced by cultivating Dongchunghacho fungus on rice, could be an effective functional food because it offers added value to rice and thus increases rice consumption. However, the physiological effect of Dongchunghacho rice has not been reported yet although there is increasing consumers demand. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Dongchunghacho rice (unpolished rice cultivated with Cordyceps militaris) on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats. Forty of 8 wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups after a 1 week of adaptation period and fed either a normal diet (66% polished rice diet, NC), high fat (12 g/100 g)-high cholesterol (1 g/100 g) diet with 53% polished rice (HC), or high fat-high cholesterol diets supplemented with 30% of the total rice as either unpolished rice (DR) or Dongchunghacho rice (DR). After 4 weeks, rats fed the Dongchunghacho rice diet with high fat and cholesterol had dramatically lower plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations and atherogenic indexes and higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels compared with the rats consuming polished rice or unpolished rice with high fat and cholesterol diet. Dongchunghacho rice led to less total lipid and total cholesterol accumulation in liver. However, these significant reductions in plasma or hepatic lipid profiles were not closely correlated with fecal total lipid or total cholesterol excretion. The plasma concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides were not affected by Dongchunghacho rice. This hypolipidemic effect of Dongchunghacho rice seemed to be unrelated to unpolished rice itself, because the plasma and hepatic lipid profiles of DR group were not different from that of the HC group. These results suggest that unpolished rice containing cultivated Cordyceps militaris can improve plasma and hepatic lipid profiles in rats fed with high fat-high cholesterol diet.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2001

A cross-sectional study to determine dietary intake and plasma triglyceride total cholesterol LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of 185K Korean men was conducted across three different age groups The younger group (age 21 to 34) was significantly (p<0.001) taller but showed lower (p<0.05) percent body fat than the older group (age 45 to 60) Weight and body mass index was not different among age groups. Older men showed significantly(p<0.01) lower energy and total fat intake than younger men Besides macronutrients, most participants consumed an adequate amount of micronutrients but calcium consumption of the middle age group (age 35 to 44) was less than 75% of RDA In older men plasma triglyceride(207.8$\pm$155.5 mg/dl) total cholesterol (201.4$\pm$40.0 mg/dl) and LDL-cholesterol(106.0$\pm$32.7 mg/dl) concentrations were significantly hight(p<0.001) than in younger men wereas no significant difference was observed in HDL-cholesterol concentration Subjects with a higher BMI(bMI$\geq$25.0) showed significantly higher (p<0.001) triglyceride(200.2$\pm$107.6 mg/dl) total cholesterol(211.0$\pm$40.1 mg/dl) LDC-cholesterol(118.16$\pm$35.5 mg/dl) concentrations and lower(p=0.001) HCL-cholesterol concentration (52.8$\pm$15.9 mg/dl) than subjects with lower BMI(BMI<23.0) Dietary intake of fat cholesterol did not show significant associations with any of the plasma lipid profiles. However, anima fat intake was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the older age group. On the hand percent body fat was correlated (p<0.05) with all of the plasma lipid and lipoprotin concentrations examined for all age groups Results indicate both dietary intake and percent body fat are important determinants of the plasma lipid concentrations is the elderly but only percent body fat or body mass could be valid predictors for the plasma lipid concentrations of the younger age group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.312-319
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of lecithin on lipid metabolism and antixidative capacity in 9-week-old rats. Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 249.8 g were blocked into three groups according to their body weight and raised for 8 weeks with experimental diets containing 1% (LM) or 5% lecithin (LH) and control (C) diet. Plasma and liver total lipids, triglyceride, total cholesterol and plasma HDL-cholesterol concenterations, and fecal total lipids, triglyceride, total cholesterol and bile acid excretions were measured. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in plasma, liver, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in red blood cell and liver, xanthine oxidase (XO) activities in plasma and liver, and total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma were also measured. Effect of lecithin intake on antioxidative capacity was not significantly different among all the groups. Plasma total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were lower in lecithin groups compared to control group, and these three lipid levels of lecithin groups were lowered dose-dependently as dietary lecithin level increased. But liver total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were not different among all the groups. Also fecal total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol excretions were highest in high lecithin groups compared to two other groups. Thus it is plausible that lecithin intake decreases plasma lipid levels through increasing fecal lipid excretions, and may be beneficial for treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, but has no effect on antioxidative capacity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.408-419
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• 1991

The effects of various dietary fats on plasma lipids. liver lipids, and Plasma Peroxide levels were studied in rats fed for 6 wk with diets containing 15 wt% fat, as sesame oil. raw perilla seed oil. roasted perilla seed oil, heated perilla seed oil. mackerel oil or beef tallow. TBA values of these lipids during 4 wk storage, and linolenic acid contents of three kinds of perilla seed oil were also measured. Linolenic acid contents of raw perilla seed oil. roasted perilla seed oil and heated perilla seed oil were 62.3%, 61.6% and 53.1% respectively. Raw perilla seed oil showed the lowest rate of lipid peroxidation after 4 wk storage at 4$^{\circ}C$, and mackerel oil showed the highest peroxidation rate. The plasma cholesterol levels of rats consuming diets in which the carbohydrate was rice were not affected by n-3 PUFA. Rather, the degree of peroxidation seems to have a direct effect on cholesterol levels as shown by the hypocholesterolemic effect of raw perilla seed oil and beer tallow. However. the HDL-cholesterol level was greater in rats fed either roasted perilla seed oil or mackerel oil. Rats fed roasted perilla seed oil and raw perilla seed oil had lower levels of plasma triglycerides than rats fed beef tallow. In rats fed roasted perilla seed oil, the total lipid and cholesterol contents of liver were significantly lower than in those fed the other kinds of perilla seed oil. The plasma lipid peroxide levels were lower in rats fed either roasted perilla seed oil or beef tallow.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.137-149
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effets of hesperidin extracted from tangerine peel on Cadmium (Cd) and lipid metabolism lipid peroxide formation, and antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 158.3$\pm$3.5g were blocked into eight groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for three weeks with diets containing 0 or 0.04%(w/w) cadmium chloride and 1%(w/w) extracted hesperidin from tangerine peel, commercial hesperidin or naringin. Food intake, weight gain and food efficiency ratio were significantly lower in the Cd-administered groups. The Cd concentrations in blood and liver and the Cd excretions in urine and feces were significantly higher in the Cd-administered groups. Among the Cd groups, blood Cd concentrations were decreased, fecal Cd excretions were increased, and Cd retenition ratios were decreased by feeding flavonoid diets. Plasma total lipid concentrations were significantly lower in the extracted hesperidin group, plasma triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the extracted hesperidin and naringin groups. Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations and HDL : total cholesterol ratios were increased by feeding flavonoids. Among the Cd groups, liver total lipid concentratons were decreased by feeding flavonoids. Fecal total lipid, fecal cholesterol, and fecal triglyceride excretions were significantly higher in the naringin group, and they were increased by feeding flavonoids among Cd groups. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations in plasma and liver were higher in Cd groups, and were significantly decreased by feeding flavonoids. The activities of erythrocyte catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase showed a tendency to increase by feeding. The activities of liver catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were not significantly affected by administering Cd or flavonoids. In conclusion, all flavonoids that were used in this experiment inhibited lipid peroxide formation in plasma and liver, but this effect was not caused by the increased in the activities of antioxidative enzymes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dried powder and juice of Aster scaber on lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity in rats. Twenty one male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 170.9$\pm$15.1g were blocked into 3 groups according to body weight and raised for 4 weeks with diets containing 5%(w/w) dried powder and juice from the same amount of Aster scaber. Food intake, body weight gain, food efficiency ratio and organ weights were not different among all the experimental groups. On lipid metabolism, both dried powder and juice supplementation decreased plasma total lipid, triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol and liver cholesterol levels by increasing fecal lipid excretions. Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations were significantly decreased in dried powder and juice groups, whereas liver TBARS concentrations were not affected by experimental diets. Red blood cell(RBC) superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were significantly increased by dried powder and juice supplementation, while activities of other antioxidative enzymes in RBC and liver were decreased or showed no changes. In conclusion, both Aster scaber dried powder and juice had the effects on lowering lipid levels by increasing fecal lipid excretions, and inhibiting of plasma lipid peroxidation in animals and the effects of juice were higher than that of dried powder. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 375-383, 2001)