• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.281-286
• /
• 2013

We examined the effect of parental folate deficiency on the folate content, global DNA methylation, folate receptor-alpha (FR${\alpha}$), insulin-like-growth factor-2 (IGF-2) and -1 receptor (IGF-1R) in the liver and plasma homocysteine in the postnatal rat. Male and female rats were randomly fed a folic acid-deficient (paternal folate-deficient, PD and maternal folate-deficient, MD), or folic acid-supplemented diet (paternal folate-supplemented, PS and maternal-folate-supplemented, MS) for four weeks. They were mated and grouped accordingly: $PS{\times}MS$, $PS{\times}MD$, $PD{\times}MS$, and $PD{\times}MD$. Pups were killed on day 21 of lactation. The hepatic folate content was markedly reduced in the $PD{\times}MD$ and $PS{\times}MD$ and $PD{\times}MS$ as compared with the $PS{\times}MS$ group. The hepatic global DNA methylation was decreased in the $PD{\times}MS$ and $PS{\times}MD$ groups as much as in the $PD{\times}MD$ group, and all the three groups were significantly lower as compared to the $PS{\times}MS$ group. There were no significant differences in the hepatic FR${\alpha}$, IGF-2 and IGF-1R expressions among the groups. Positive correlations were found between the hepatic folate content and global DNA methylation and protein expressions of FR${\alpha}$, IGF-2 and IGF-1R, whereas an inverse correlation was found between hepatic folate content and plasma homocysteine level in the 3-week-old rat pup. The results of this study show that both paternal and maternal folate deficiency at mating can influence the folate content and global DNA methylation in the postnatal rat liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.1187-1193
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin on lipid metabolism in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to one normal and three STZ-induced diabetic groups. Diabetic animals were fed catechin free diet(DM-0C group), 0.5% catechin diet(DM-0.5C group) and 1% catechin diet(DM-1C group). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of 55mg/kg body wt of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after feeding of three experimental diets for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic states. Levels of blood glucose were three fold higher in all three STZ-induced diabetic groups than that of the normal group. The levels of plasma insulin were markedly lower in three STZ-induced diabetic groups than that of the normal group. The levels of plasma cortisol were increased in DM-0C group compared with that of the normal group. Triglyceride, total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in serum were increased in DM-0C groups compared with the normal group but were not significantly different between catechin diet groups and normal group. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were reduced in DM-0C and DM-0.5C groups by 38% and 25%, respectively and had similar tendency in the DM-1C group compared with that of control group. Atherogenic index have shown same pattern as the result of total cholesterol. Activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Co enzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase were higher in DM-0C groups than those of the normal group but were not significantly different between catechin diet groups and the normal group. It is concluded that dietary catechins can modulate lipid levels of serum and liver HMG-CoA reductase activity in diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.219-223
• /
• 2009

We investigated the effect of Takju lees extract on blood glucose levels in the db/db mice (a murine model of type 2 diabetes mellitus). We fed 40 male db/db mice a control diet (G0, AIN93G) and experimental diets containing 1% (G1), 2% (G2), or 4% (G4) Takju lees extract for 4 weeks. We found no difference in food intake and body weight gain among the animal groups. In the G1 and G2 groups, plasma glucose levels decreased significantly between Days 10 and 21 compared with the G0 group. However, we found no difference in plasma glucose levels between groups G4 and G0. The change in insulin concentrations was not significant among these animal groups, and we found no significant difference in glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in the soleus muscle. These results suggest that the Takju lees extract has a beneficial effect in animals with type 2 diabetes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.536-542
• /
• 2007

The responses of whole body protein and glucose kinetics and of nitrogen (N) metabolism to non-protein energy intake (NPEI) were determined using an isotope dilution approach and measurement of N balance in three adult male goats. The diets containing 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times ME maintenance requirement, with fixed intake of CP (1.5 times maintenance) and percentage of hay (33%), were fed twice daily for each 21 d experimental period. After an adaptation period of 11 d, N balance was determined over 3 d. On day 17, whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) and glucose irreversible loss rate (ILR) were determined during the absorptive state by a primed-continuous infusion of [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine, [$^2H_2$]tyrosine, [$^2H_4$]tyrosine and [$^{13}C_6$]glucose, with simultaneous measurements of plasma concentrations of metabolites and insulin. Ruminal characteristics were also measured at 6 h after feeding over 3 d. Nitrogen retention tended to increase (p<0.10) with increasing NPEI, although digestible N decreased linearly (p<0.05). Increasing NPEI decreased (p<0.01) ammonia N concentration, but increased acetate (p<0.05) and propionate (p<0.05) concentrations in the rumen. Despite decreased plasma urea N concentration (p<0.01), increased plasma tyrosine concentration (p<0.05), and trends toward increased plasma total amino N (p<0.10) and phenylalanine concentrations (p<0.10) were found in response to increasing NPEI. Increasing NPEI increased ILR of both glucose (p<0.01) and phenylalanine (p<0.05), but did not affect ($p{\geq}0.10$) that of tyrosine. Whole body protein synthesis increased (p<0.05) in response to increasing NPEI, resulting from increased utilization rate for protein synthesis (p<0.05) and unchanged hydroxylation rate of phenylalanine ($p{\geq}0.10$). These results suggest that increasing NPEI may enhance WBPS and glucose turnover at the absorptive state and improve the efficiency of digestible N retention in goats, with possibly decreased ammonia and increased amino acid absorption. In addition, simultaneous increases in WBPS and glucose ILR suggest stimulatory effect of glucose availability on WBPS, especially when sufficient amino acid is supplied.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.713-719
• /
• 2003

The effects of butanol (BuOH) fraction of Alisma canaliculatum (Ac) with vitamin E in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were determined. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: normal, STZ-control, and 3 diabetic-experimental groups. Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection of STZ (45 mg/kg) into the tail vein. The BuOH fraction of Ac and vitamin E were administrated orally in experimental rats for 21 days: Ac group (400 mg/kg), Ac-VE group (Ac 400 mg/kg & vitamin E 10 mg/kg), and VE group (vitamin E 10 mg/kg). The body weight losses were seen in all groups except normal, and the decrements in experimental groups were less than that in diabetic-control group. The plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in Ac group compared to STZ-control group on 21 day (p<0.05). The plasma level of insulin was slightly higher in AC-VE group than other diabetic groups. The plasma cholesterol levels of diabetic-experimental groups were significantly lower than those of STZ-control group on 14 day (p<0.05). ALT and AST activities of diabetic-experimental groups were significantly lower than that of STZ-control group (p<0.05). The results suggested that the BuOH fraction of Ac might possess hypoglycemic properties in STZ-induced diabetic rats and no synergistic effect of vitamin E was seen during the experimental period.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2010

Objectives: Plasma lipid profiles and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The knowledge of lipid profile may estimate the potential victims of cardiovascular disease before its initiation and progression and offers the opportunity for primary prevention. The most common ApoE polymorphism has been found to influence plasma lipid concentrations and its correlation with CVD has been extensively investigated in the last decade. Methods: The ApoE polymorphism and its influence on plasma lipid were investigated in healthy woman workers. The information on confounding factors was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire and ApoE polymorphism was investigated using PCR. Results: The relative frequencies of alleles E2, E3 and E4 for the study population (n = 305) were 0.127, 0.750 and 0.121, respectively. ApoE polymorphism was associated with variations in plasma HDL-cholesterol lipid profile. In order to estimate the independent effects of alleles E2 and E4, as compared with E3, on lipid profile, multiple regression was performed after adjustment for confounding variables such as age, BMI, blood pressure, education status, insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, menopause. ApoE2 had a negative association with HDL cholesterol and ApoE4 had a positive association with LDL cholesterol. Conclusions: This study identified that the ApoE and CVD risk factors contribute to the lipid profiles, similar to other studies. The analysis including dietary intake and other gene in further studies may help to identify clear effects on lipid profiles as risk factor for CVD.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.341-349
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular treadmill running on GLUT4 protein of skeletal muscle in STZ-diabetic rats. I used 19 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 140 to 160 grams. Rats were randomly assigned into normal, diabetes(DM) and DE(DE) groups. The exercise was loaded with treadmill running for 5 days per week during 4 weeks. All experimental procedures were carried out following overnight fasting 48 hours after last exercise. Gain(gm) in body weight in DM rats(822.4) was lowered compared to normal rats(1092.8), and decreased by exercise. Plasma glucose concentration(mg/dl) in DM rats was 1433.1 which is higher than that of normal group of 1036.4. The concentration of DE group was lower than that of DM rats. Plasma insulin concentration(${\mu}U/ml$) of DM and DE rats was significantly lowerd compared to normal rats. There was no difference of plasma concentrations of FFA and HDL cholesterol among noraml, DM and DE groups. Plasma triglyceride concentration(mg/dl) was significantly highered in DM group compared to those of DM group, the concentration of DE group was lower. Glycogen concentration(mg/gm wet weight) of the plantaris muscle in DM and DE groups was significantly reduced compared to normal group. Glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) protein of soleus was analyzed by Western blot. In DM group, the GLUT4 protein level was markdly decreased compared to normal group, but the level was recovered to the level of normal group by 4 weeks treadmill running. In conclusion, the insulin resistance induced by STZ administration was partially improved by 4 weeks physical training in rats.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.443-450
• /
• 2013

Effects of newly developed functional rice grains Goami (high-amylose rice) and Nokwon (green-kerneled rice) on the glucose metabolism and antioxidative defense system in C57BL/6N mice under high fat diet condition were investigated. Animals were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8) and given experimental diets for eight weeks: normal control diet (NC), high fat diet (HF), and high fat diet supplemented with white rice (HF-WR), Goami rice (HF-GR), and Nokwon rice (HF-NR). At the end of the experimental period, the HF group exhibited markedly higher blood glucose level, insulin concentration, plasma lipid peroxidation and lower hepatic glycogen concentration than that exhibited by NC group. However, diet supplementation of Goami and Nokwon suppressed the high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress through inhibition of the glucose-regulating enzymes and enhancement of the antioxidant enzymes activities. The results illustrate that the new functional rice Goami and Nokwon may be useful in the development of functional foods with preventive effect against high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.1109-1121
• /
• 2009

In an attempt to discover novel biomarker proteins in type 2 diabetes prognosis, we investigated the influence of hypoglycemic extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) obtained from the macrofungus Tremella fuciformis on the differential levels of plasma proteins in ob/ob mice using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The 2-DE analysis demonstrated that 92 spots from about 900 visualized spots were differentially regulated, of which 40 spots were identified as principal diabetes-associated proteins. By comparing control with EPS-fed mice, we found that at least six proteins were significantly altered in ob/ob mice, including Apo A-I, IV, C-III, E, retinol-binding protein 4, and transferrin, and their levels were interestingly normalized after EPS treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that the altered levels of the two regulatory molecules highlighted in diabetes and obesity (e.g., resistin and adiponectin) were also normalized in response to EPS. The Mouse Diabetes PCR Array profiles showed that the expression of 84 genes related to the onset, development, and progression of diabetes were significantly downregulated in liver, adipocyte, and muscle of ob/ob mice. EPS might act as a potent regulator of gene expression for a wide variety of genes in ob/ob mice, particularly in obesity, insulin resistance, and complications from diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.1374-1385
• /
• 2008

This study aims at finding blood glucose levels in rural residents and factors influencing their glucose levels. For these purposes, the researcher surveyed 1,857 residents in a rural area, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do between January and February 2006. Consequently, as major factors influencing fasting glucose and 2-h plasma glucose, it was indicated that insulin, C-reative protein, gamma-glutamy transferase, blood pressure levels, and age were important variables, and thus in light of this result, in order to prevent diabetes, it is very important to control obesity and blood pressure and also it is needed to establish national health management plans fur preventing and controling diabetes and its complications fur the aging society