• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether increasing the Ti6Al4V surface oxide negative charge through heat ($600^{\circ}C$) or radiofrequency plasma glow discharge (RFGD) pretreatment, with or without a subsequent coating with fibronectin, stimulated osteoblast gene marker expression in the MC3T3 osteoprogenitor cell line. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure changes over time in the mRNA levels for osteoblast gene markers, including alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, collagen type I (${\alpha}1$), osteocalcin, osteopontin and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rP), and the osteoblast precursor genes Runx2 and osterix. Results: Osteoprogenitors began to differentiate earlier on disks that were pretreated with heat or RFGD. The pretreatments increased gene marker expression in the absence of a fibronectin coating. However, pretreatments increased osteoblast gene expression for fibronectin-coated disks more than uncoated disks, suggesting a surface oxide-mediated specific enhancement of fibronectin's bioactivity. Heat pretreatment had greater effects on the mRNA expression of genes for PTH-rP, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin while RFGD pretreatment had greater effects on osteopontin and bone sialoprotein gene expression. Conclusions: The results suggest that heat and RFGD pretreatments of the Ti6Al4V surface oxide stimulated osteoblast differentiation through an enhancement of (a) coated fibronectin's bioactivity and (b) the bioactivities of other serum or matrix proteins. The quantitative differences in the effects of the two pretreatments on osteoblast gene marker expression may have arisen from the unique physico-chemical characteristics of each resultant oxide surface. Therefore, engineering the Ti6Al4V surface oxide to become more negatively charged can be used to accelerate osteoblast differentiation through fibronectin-dependent and independent mechanisms.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2006

Regular exercise training improves body composition, blood lipid profiles and exercise adaptation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of exercise training at different times of day on body composition, blood lipids, stress hormones and nutrient intakes. Twenty four male graduate students carried out this experiment. The subjects were divided into three groups; morning exercise group, evening exercise group and control group. Two exercise groups performed running and muscular resistance training at mid intensity for 12 week periods. Body composition, blood lipid profiles, blood cortisol, ACTH and nutrient intakes were analyzed prior to, midway and after training. There were significant differences about interaction between different exercise times and training periods in plasma TG and HDL-C of the evening exercise training (p < 0.05). Also the evening exercise group was showed the decreasing of TC after training (p < 0.05). No significant differences about interaction between different exercise times and training periods were shown in body composition, stress hormones and nutrient intakes in the three groups. But evening exercise training decreased body fat ($\%$) and blood ACTH (p < 0.05). Also the increasing of carbohydrate intakes was shown by the evening exercise training (p < 0.05). In contrast, morning exercise group indicated a decrease of body fat ($\%$) after 6 week training (p < 0.05), but this effect was not maintained after 12 weeks of training. These results suggested that regular evening exercise is more effect than morning exercise from the viewpoint of improving body composition, blood lipids, nutrient intakes and exercise adaptation.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate the patterns of progesterone secretion after induction of estrus in premature, metestrous and anestrous bitches. A total of 22 bitches were used. Of them 18 bitches were treated with hormone to induced estrus and 4 bitches were untreated and served as controls. Estrus was induced with $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$, estrone, estradiol-$17{\beta}$, PMSG and HCG(Treatment A), and with PMSG and HCG(Treatment B). Blood samples were collected via the cephalic vein at 2 to 5 days interval. Blood samples were centrifuged (1,200g, 10min.) within 30 minutes after collection and plasma was stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ until analyzed for the progesterone concentrations. Plamsa progesterone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results of estrous induction were determined by estrous signs, ovarian response, egg recovery and progesterone patterns. The results obtained were as follows; 1. All bitches in treatment A showed estrous signs, however the ovarian response and egg recovery were not detectable and the levels of progesterone were nearly same as before. 2. In the treatment B, premature and metestrous bitches showed only estrous signs, however 5 of 7 anestrous bitches (71.4%) showed estrous signs, ovarian response and changes of progesterone levels. In conclusion, clinical estrous behavior can be induced during any phase of the estrous cycle, but ovulation should be induced only if induction occur approximately 4 months or more after the previous estrus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2001

Conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) is a naturally occuring group of derivatives of linoleic acid found in beef and dairy products. CLA has reported to reduce body fat. This study was designed to observe the effect of CLA supplementation on fat accumulation and degradation in male Sprague Dawley rats. Seventy two rats, weighing 150-180g, were divided into 2 groups according to the types of dietary fat(beef tallow or fish oil) and then each group was divided into 2 groups depending on CLA supplementation, i.e., BT, BT-CLA, FO, FO-CLA. All rats were fed experimental diet containing total fat at 12%(w/w) including CLA at 1% for 30 weeks. At 30 weeks, rats were sacrificed to measure TG, free fatty acid level in plasma, TG, lipogenic enzymes in lever and fat cell size, LPL and HSL activities in epididymal fat fad. Fish oil supplemented with CLA diet showed significant reduction in the food efficiency and weight in 30 weeks-fed rats. CLA supplement did not effect on plasma TG, hepatic TG levels and lipogenic enzymes activities in rats, but, fish oil significantly reduced, The LPL and HSL activities did not affected by CLA supplement and n-3 fatty acid rich fish oil. In conclusion, the results suggest that CLA supplement was not a proper way to reduce the fat accumulation in Sprague Dawley rats. Fish oil supplemented with CLA might better way to reduce the body fatness than fish oil itself. Therefore, It is recommended that further study be performed related to physiological and biochemical effects of CLA supplementation and n-3 fatty acid in rats for the reduction of body fatness.(Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 367∼374, 2001)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1593-1600
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• 2016

This research was conducted to investigate the physiological consequences of undernourished yak. Twelve Maiwa yak ($110.3{\pm}5.85kg$) were randomly divided into two groups (baseline and starvation group). The yak of baseline group were slaughtered at day 0, while the other group of yak were kept in shed without feed but allowed free access to water, salt and free movement for 9 days. Blood samples of the starvation group were collected on day 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and the starved yak were slaughtered after the final blood sample collection. The liver and muscle glycogen of the starvation group decreased (p<0.01), and the lipid content also decreased while the content of moisture and ash increased (p<0.05) both in Longissimus dorsi and liver compared with the baseline group. The plasma insulin and glucose of the starved yak decreased at first and then kept stable but at a relatively lower level during the following days (p<0.01). On the contrary, the non-esterified fatty acids was increased (p<0.01). Beyond our expectation, the ketone bodies of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid decreased with prolonged starvation (p<0.01). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of lipogenetic enzyme fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase in subcutaneous adipose tissue of starved yak were down-regulated (p<0.01), whereas the mRNA expression of lipolytic enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and hormone sensitive lipase were up-regulated (p<0.01) after 9 days of starvation. The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase, responsible for hepatic gluconeogenesis were up-regulated (p<0.01). It was concluded that yak derive energy by gluconeogenesis promotion and fat storage mobilization during starvation but without ketone body accumulation in the plasma.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권9호
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• pp.416-419
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• 2014

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a rare peroxisomal disorder, that is rapidly progressive, neurodegenerative, and recessive, and characteristically primary affects the central nervous system white matter and the adrenal cortex. X-ALD is diagnosed basaed on clinical, radiological, and serological parameters, including elevated plasma levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), such as C24:0 and C26:0, and high C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0 ratios. These tests are complemented with genetic analyses. A 7.5-year-old boy was admitted to Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital with progressive weakness of the bilateral lower extremities. Brain magnetic resonance imaging confirmed clinically suspected ALD. A low dose adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test revealed parital adrenal insufficiency. His fasting plasma levels of VLCFA showed that his C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0 ratios were significantly elevated to 1.609 (normal, 0-1.390) and 0.075 (normal, 0-0.023), respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral whole blood samples collected from the patient and his family. All exons of ABCD1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Amplified PCR products were sequenced using the same primer pairs according to the manufacturer's instructions. We identified a missense mutation (p.Arg163Leu) in the ABCD1 gene of the proband caused by the nucleotide change 488G>T in exon 1. His asymptomatic mother carried the same mutation. We have reported an unpublished mutation in the ABCD1 gene in a patient with X-ALD, who showed increased ratio of C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0, despite a normal VLCFA concentrations.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2008

Kamisungihwalhyul-tang(KSHT) has been used for many years as a therapeutic agent for cerebrovascular disease and hypertension in Oriental Medicine. But the effect of KSHT on hypertension and reactive oxygen is not well-known. This study was examined to investigate the effect of KSHT on hypertension and reactive oxygen. After administering KSHT extract to Sprague- Dawley Rat forinjected subcutaneous with deoxycorticosterone acetate(DOCA) 8 weeks, changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, reactive oxygen species, angiotensin converting enzyme, aldosterone, catecholamine levels, electrolyte, uric acid, BUN, creatinine in plasma were examined, and immunohistochemical changes and scanning electron microscopic changes were observed. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) scavenging activity was increased, reactive oxygen species(ROS) was decreased in a KSHT concentration-dependent. Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activity was increased in a concentration-dependent by KSHT. KSHT significantly decreased the blood pressure and heart rate in DOCA-salt hypertensive rat. KSHT significantly decreased the levels of aldosterone in DOCA-salt hypertensive rat. KSHT significantly decreased the level of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine in DOCA-salt hypertensive rat. $Na^+$, $K^+$ and Cl- were decreased significantly, $Ca^{2+}$ was increased significantly by KSHT. KSHT significantly decreased uric acid, BUN, creatinine.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.701-708
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• 2011

The aim of the present study was to analyze the reductive cycle of the red marbled rockfish Sebastiscus tertius. The analysis was based on annual changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), the hepatosomatic index (HSI), histology of the gonadal structure, and plasma sex steroid hormone levels of adult fish from April 1997 to April 1998. GSI of females began to increase in February and peaked ($10.8{\pm}2.72$) in May. HIS levels ($3.41{\pm}0.49$) peaked in February and elevated plasma steroid hormones ($1.47{\pm}0.75$ ng/mL for estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) and $230.7{\pm}27.6$ pg/mL for testosterone (T)) were observed in April. However, in male fish, GSI levels started to increase in August and remained high until November ($0.21{\pm}0.05$). T levels were was also elevated in August and peaked in October ($188.1{\pm}43.5$ pg/mL) and November ($186.8{\pm}28.0$ pg/mL), but started to decline 1 month than the GSI. These results suggest that female ovoviviparious periods span from April to June and amle mating periods occur from November to February.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated whether Gelidium amansii extract (GAE) ameliorates obesity in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: The mice were maintained on a high-fat diet (HD) for 5 weeks to generate the DIO mouse model. And then mice fed HD plus 0.5% (GAE1), 1% (GAE2) or 2% (GAE3) for 8 weeks. RESULTS: After the experimental period, GAE-supplemented groups were significantly lower than the HD group in body weight gain and liver weight. GAE supplemented groups were significantly lower than the HD group in both epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissue mass. The plasma leptin level was significantly higher in the HD group than in GAE-supplemented groups. The leptin level of HD+GAE3 group was significantly lower than that of the HD+conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) group. In contrast, plasma adiponectin level of the HD group was significantly lower than those of HD+GAE2 and HD+GAE3 groups. The expression levels of adipogenic proteins such as fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$ in the GAE supplemented groups were significantly decreased than those in HD group, respectively. In addition, the expression levels of HD+GAE2 and HD+GAE3 groups are significantly decreased compared to those of HD+CLA group. On the contrary, the expression levels of hormone-sensitive lipase and phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase, proteins associated with lipolysis, were significantly increased in the GAE supplemented groups compared to those in the HD group. HD+GAE3 group showed the highest level among the GAE supplemented groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that GAE supplementation stimulated the expressions of lipid metabolic factors and reduced weight gain in HD-fed C57BL/6J obese mice.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.941-948
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• 1996

The accuracy of rectal palpation and ultrasonography for predicting the presence of a functional corpus luteum in subestrous dairy cows was investigated, using the result of a radioimmunoassay for progesterone in plasma. Luteal status (high or low progesterone concentrations) was diagnosed in 820 cows, using rectal palpation and B-mode transrectal ultrasonography, and the results of rectal palpation and ultrasonography were compared in $2{\times}2$ contingency table with plasma progesterone concentrations. A $2{\times}2$ contingency table analysis allowed the calculation of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for rectal palpation and ultrasonography. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive test and predictive value of a negative test were 81.9%, 67.5%, 79.0% and 71.4% for rectal palpation, and 96.3%, 88.8%, 94.5% and 92.4% for ultrasonography, respectively. The percentages of observed agreement and expected agreement between rectal palpation and ultrasonography were 71.8% and 57.1%, respectively. An evaluation of agreement between rectal palpation and ultrasonography, the value of Kappa was 0.34. It was concluded that a ultrasonography was more sensitive and specific than rectal palpation in predicting the presence of a functional corpus luteum. Therefore, ultrasonographic examination is a reliable method for assessing the functional status of ovarian structures in subestrous dairy cows.