• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.20 no.2 s.56
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• pp.47-55
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• 2005

The World Health Organization(WHO, 1998) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1992) recommended $2{\mu}\;guranium/{\ell}$ in drinking water as a guideline. The Korea Institute for Environmental Research recently reported that the radioactive pollution in ground water was almost negligible In Korea$(1999\~2002)$. Cs were cast into beads(2mm in wet form) and treated with hexamethylene diisocyanate for stability in acidic aqueous solution through cross-linking of the beads surfaces. The removal study was carried out in a static batch system and a flow system. In the static system, a certain amount of sample water was confined in a vessel and beads(dry weight 0.5g) were packed into it in order to adsorb uranium for a certain period of time. Afterwards the remaining uranium in water vessel was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The effective pH range was 4 to 8. The smaller the size of beads, the better the removal efficiency. Furthemore, the lower the flow rates, the higher the removal efficiency. The results showed that chitosan beads can be effectively used for the removal of uranium contained in water.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2005

This paper reports a novel magnetic force-based microfluidic immunoassay using microbeads and magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic force-based immunoassay was devised first and successfully applied to detect the rabbit IgG as the model analyte of microfluidic sandwich immunoassay. The microchannels were fabricated by poly(dimethysiloxane) (PDMS) molding processes and bonded on a slide glass by plasma treatment. At the part of the inlet, sample solution was hydrodynamically focused. The focused microbeads of sample solution were flowed through the 150 ${\mu}m$ width channel of outlet. However, when the microbeads are conjugated with the superparamagnetic nanoparticles under the applied magnetic fields, they will switch their flow path and flow through the 95 ${\mu}m$ width channel of outlet. The movements of microbeads conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles were demonstrated by magnetic field $gradients.^{1)}$ High magnetic field gradients using micro electromagnets could be applied to this detection method for high sensitivity and lower detection limit. In addition, the multiplexed $immunoassay^{2)}$ using an encoded microbead which is immobilized with a certain antibody could be possible using this detection principle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2002

It is very important to measure and visualize the changes in the physical properties of fluid flow because this is the foundation of measurement techniques used in aerodynamics, heat transfer, plasma diagnostics, and stress analysis of transparent models. The optical methods are advantageous over probe-based techniques in the optical methods are of high speed, non-contact and are capable of providing full-field results with high spatial resolution. Therefore we propose the electronic speckle pattern interferometry(ESPI) that gives us a solution to overcome those limitations. In this paper the experimental results show qualitative and quantitative visualization of changes in the physical properties of the candle and alcohol lamp with 3D plotting. And we obtained the refractive index, mass density and temperature distribution of fluids. The results clearly show the process of flow phenomena and give the feasibility of quantitative interpretation of gasdynamics.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2006

The systolic and diastolic pressures in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley male rats were greatly decreased after single-dose of Cd treatment without significant changes in heart rate. There was a fluid-shift into the third space and/or -loss through the kidney, since plasma $Na^+$ concentration and hematocrit ratio were significantly increased by acute Cd exposure. The present study showed that the sustained hypotensive effect of single-dose Cd on the cardiovascular system might have resulted from the systemic hypovolemia. Furthermore, renal excretion of electrolytes, including $Na^+$ and $K^+$, and urine flow rate were increased by Cd intoxication. Interestingly, the ratio of $Na^+/K^+$ excretion was increased and reached the maximum level 3 hours after Cd injection and returned to the normal level after 7 hours. Nevertheless, there was no difference in the regression analysis of $Na^+$ excretion and urine flow rate in both groups. Therefore, the increase in the urine volume seemed to enhance the excretion of $Na^+$. This study strongly suggest that the hypotensive effect of Cd is mediated by systemic $Na^+$ loss through the kidney and/or hypovolemia via fluid-shift.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.3 s.345
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• pp.9-14
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• 2006

The dependence of NBTI lifetime on the BEOL processes such as sintering gas type and passivation layer has been characterized in depth. Then, optimized BEOL process scheme is proposed to improve NBTI lifetime. NBTI showed degradation due to the plasma enhanced nitride (PE-SiN) passivation film and $H_2$ sintering anneal. Then, new process scheme of $N_2$ annealing instead of $H_2$ annealing prior to PE-SiN deposition is proposed. The proposed BEOL process flow showed that NBTI lifetime can be improved a lot without degradation of device performance and NMOS hot carrier reliability.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 1991

Verapamil, $Ca^{2+}$-channel blocker, when given into vein or into carotid artery, produced the decrease of urine flow accompanied with the decreased amounts of Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ excreted in urine ($E_{Na}, E_{K}$) and with the decreased clearances of free water (C$_{H_2O}$) and osmolar substance (C$_{osm}$), and then increased reabsorption of Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ in renal tubules (R$_{Na}$, R$_{N}$), glomeruler filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were inhibited when verapamil was given into carotid artery, but were only tendency of reduction when given intravenously. Verapamil, when infused into a renal artery, exhibited diuresis accompanied with the increased GER, RPF, E$_{Na}$ and E$_{K}$, with the decreased filtration fraction (FF) in only infused kidney. At the same time, $C_{H_2O}$ was not changed, R$_{Na}$ and R$_{K}$ were reduced. Antidiuretic action by verapamil administered into vein or into carotid artery in normal kidney was reversed to diuretic action in denervated kidney. At this time, parameters of renal function exhibited the opposite phenomena compared to that elicited by verapamil in normal kidney, wherease renal denervation did not influence the action of verapamil infused into a renal artery. Above results suggest that verapamil produce both antidiuresis through nervous system centrally, not endogenous substances and diuresis by direct action in the kidney. Diurectic action are caused by hemodynamic improvement through dilatioon of vas efferense and by greatly inhibited reabsorption of electrolytes in distal tubules.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.393-394
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• 2008

Carbon nanotubes are attractive nano-structured materials because of their remarkable electronic, physical, chemical properties. Due to these reasons, application researches of CNTs are actively processed on the display, the electronic element, the nano-diode fields and the semiconductor element. Today, The major issue of semiconductor technique are via and interconnects. CNTs are used to make via and interconnects because of high electric currents density and high heat transfer. Control of the orientation of grown CNTs is very important thing for making via and interconnects. Via are horizontal growth of CNTs and interconnects are vertical growth of CNTs. This research is based on the experiment using control of gas flow directions and DC bias. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to check this experiment.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1994

The book lung in the wolf spider, Pardosa astrigera was consisted of a series of flattened triangular-shaped air sacs, stacked with about 70 sheets, and was located in the ventrolateral region of opisthosoma. Each hemolymph spaces (average $8{\mu}m$ in thickness) surrounded by the air sacs (average $6{\mu}m$ in thickness). The air sacs was supported by cylindrical cuticular spikes of microfibril bundles. Epithelial cell processes surrounded the hemolymph spaces. The nuclei of the epithelial cells were concentrated near the atrium. In the middle portion of air sac, the epithelial cells formed pillars across the hemolymph spaces and spot desmosome and zonula adherens were seen between the plasma membranes. In the hemolymph space of this spider, granular hemocytes (average diameter $8{\mu}m$) were the most dominant type of hemocytes. In the medial sinus, the hemolymph flow between the air sacs of a paired book lungs and then flow out of the lung vein. The air comes in the atrium through the ventral lung slit and makes a tidal wave in and out of the air sacs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.921-926
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• 1989

The Free fatty acid [FFA] induced massive erythrocyte crenation has been reported in patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation[EGG], suggesting that the crenated cells impair microcirculatory flow and tissue oxygenation during and after the operation. Effect of albumin administration on erythrocyte crenation was examined in 24patients undergoing open heart surgery at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in the Kyung Hee University Medical Center Between January, 1989 and August, 1989: 8 patients of 24 patients [group A] were given 50 gm albumin, another 8 patients of 24 patients [group B] were g en 26 gm of albumin and the other 8 patients of 24 patients [group C] were not given any albumin as a part of the priming solution. Erythrocyte crenation was almost completely prevented in the patients given 50 gm albumin. Crenated erythrocytes d urging ECC were 3.6* 0.4 % [mean\ulcornerD] of all erythrocytes and 3.1*0.6% after ECC. This was significantly lower than in patients without albumin administration [64.2*9.5% during ECC and 28.7*1.9% after ECC]. But the effect was less striking in the patients given 25 gm albumin, 37.8* 12.0 % during ECC and 27.8*3.9 % after ECC. Maintaining an adequate level of plasma albumin is important in preventing erythrocyte crenation during ECC, improving microcirculatory flow in patients undergoing open heart surgery.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 2001

The dopaminergic receptors were consisted of two distinct subtypes, $D_1$and $D_2$, each having different function. The present study was attempted to investigate the effects of R(-)-2,10,11-trihydroxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine (TNPA), a dopamine $D_2$receptor agonist, on renal function in dog. TNPA (5.0~15.0 $\mu$g/kg), when given into the vein, produced a dose-dependently antidiuresis along with the decrease in osmolar clearance ( $C_{osm}$) and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium ( $E_{Na}$ , and $E_{K}$). It also increased reabsorption rates of sodium and potassium in renal tubules ( $R_{Na}$ , $R_{K}$) without any changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and free water clearance ( $C_{H2o}$). TNPA (0.5~1.5 $\mu$g/kg/min) infused into a renal artery decreased urine flow both in the experimental and the control kidneys. TNPA (1.5~5.0 $\mu$g/kg) administered via the carotid artery also greatly exhibited antidiuresis even at intravenously ineffective doses. Changes of renal function by TNPA given into both the renal artery and the carotid artery were almost the same aspect to those induced by intravenous TNPA. These results obtained from the present study suggest that TNPA produces antidiuresis by increasing the reabsorption rates of electrolytes in renal tubules, mainly distal tubule, through changing of central function.unction.