• Title/Summary/Keyword: plasma components

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Effects of Dietary Fat Level and P/S Ratio on HDL-cholesterol, Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride in Plasma and Selected Tissues of Rats (식이의 총지방량과 P/S Ratio가 Plasma HDL-Cholesterol과 혈장 및 조직내의 지질함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Hyun-Suh
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.200-208
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    • 1983
  • The present studies were designed to compare the effects of both dietary fat levels and P / S ratio on lipid components in plasma and tissues. Changes in plasma HDL-cholesterol, cholesterol and TG, and also in tissue cholesterol and TG were determined in young rats fed diets providing total dietary fat as 10%, 25% or 45% of calories and P / S ratio as 0.2 or 4.0. Plasma cholesterol levels were getting higher as dietary fat levels increased at P / S 0.2. Plasma cholesterol was lower in rats fed dietary fat either 25% or 45 %, each with P / S 4.0. But at 10% no change in plasma cholesterol were observed by P / S 4.0 because of a possible insufficiency of the absolute amount of PUFA. HDL-cholesterol was rather less sensitive to the modification of dietary fat level, but was reduced in rats fed diets of P / S 4.0 at either 25% or 45% fat, even though HDL-cholesterol were increased in the group of 10% with P / S 0.2. Total cholesterol per g- liver were significantly increased as dietary fat levels increased. Liver cholesterol levels were higher in rats fed diets of P / S 4.0 at higher fat levels (25% or 45%) which possibly suggested that a reduction of plasma cholesterol by high PUFA diet was not at least from a decreased synthesis of cholesterol in liver. However, in muscle no significant differences were found by feeding high P / S ratio at each levels of fat. At 10% fat level, compared to 25% or 45%, cholesterol level was lower in g-liver but higher in g- muscle. Plasma TG was decreased as more dietary fat were supplied at P / S ratio, but no consistant response obtained at low P / S ratio. TG per g-liver were reduced by feeding P / S 4.0 diet at 10% or 45% fat level but no differences were found in muscle. P / S 4.0 diet was more efficient in lowering plasma cholesterol TG and HDL-cholesterolt levels only if fat level was more than 25% of the total calories And young rats were more resistant to dietary fat modification.

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Surface Modification with Atmospheric Microwave Agron Plasma Jet Assisted with Admixture of H2O2 and Analysis of Plasma Characteristics

  • Won, I.H.;Shin, H.K.;Kwon, H.C.;Kim, H.Y.;Kang, S.K.;Lee, J.K.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2013.02a
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    • pp.544-545
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    • 2013
  • Recently, low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasmas have been investigated [1,2] for biomedical applications and surface treatments. Experiments for improving hydrophilicity of stainless steel (SUS 304) plate with atmospheric microwave argon and H2O2 mixture plasma jet [3] were carried out and experimental measurements and plasma simulations were conducted for investigating the characteristics of plasma for the process. After 30 s of low power (under 10 W) and low temperature (under $50^{\circ}C$) plasma treatment, the water contact angle decreased rapidly to around $10^{\circ}$ from $75^{\circ}$ and was maintained under $30^{\circ}$ for a day (24 hours). The surface free energy, calculated from the contact angles, increased. The chemical properties of the surface were examined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and the surface morphology and roughness were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) respectively. The characteristics of plasma sources with several frequencies were investigated by Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) measurement and one-dimensional Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation and zero-dimensional global simulation [4]. The relation between plasma components and the efficacy of the surface modification were discussed.

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Improvement of lower hybrid current drive systems for high-power and long-pulse operation on EAST

  • M. Wang;L. Liu;L.M. Zhao;M.H. Li ;W.D. Ma;H.C. Hu ;Z.G. Wu;J.Q. Feng ;Y. Yang ;L. Zhu ;M. Chen ;T.A. Zhou;H. Jia;J. Zhang ;L. Cao ;L. Zhang ;R.R. Liang;B.J. Ding ;X.J. Zhang ;J.F. Shan;F.K. Liu ;A. Ekedahl ;M. Goniche ;J. Hillairet;L. Delpech
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.54 no.11
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    • pp.4102-4110
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    • 2022
  • Aiming at high-power and long-pulse operation up to 1000 s, some improvements have been made for both 2.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz lower hybrid (LH) systems during the recent 5 years. At first, the guard limiters of the LH antennas with graphite tiles were upgraded to tungsten, the most promising material for plasma facing components in nuclear fusion devices. These new guard limiters can operate at a peak power density of 12.9 MW/m2. Strong hot spots were usually observed on the old graphite limiters when 4.6 GHz system operated with power >2.0 MW [B. N. Wan et al., Nucl. Fusion 57 (2017) 102019], leading to a reduction of the maximum power capability. With the new limiters, 4.6 GHz LH system, the main current drive (CD) and electron heating tool for EAST, can be operated with power >2.5 MW routinely. Long-pulse operation up to 100 s with 4.6 GHz LH power of 2.4 MW was achieved in 2021 and the maximal temperature on the guard limiters measured by an infrared (IR) camera was about 540 ℃, much below the permissible value of tungsten material (~1200 ℃). A discharge with a duration of 1056 s was achieved and the 4.6 GHz LH energy injected into the plasma was up to 1.05 GJ. Secondly, the fully-active-multijunction (FAM) launcher of 2.45 GHz system was upgraded to a passive-active-multijunction (PAM), for which the density of optimum coupling was relatively low (below the cut-off value). Good coupling with reflection coefficient ~3% has been achieved with plasma-antenna distance up to 11 cm for the new PAM. Finally, in order to eliminate the effect of ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) wave on 4.6 GHz LH wave coupling, the location of the ICRF launcher was changed to a port that is located 157.5° toroidally from the 4.6 GHz LH system and is not magnetically connected.

Tolerance limit of nitrite exposure to hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂): hematological parameters and plasma components (대왕범바리(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂)의 아질산 급성노출에 따른 내성한계: 혈액성상 및 혈장성분의 변화)

  • Cho, Jea-Hwang;Kim, Seok-Ryel;Hur, Young Baek;Lee, Kyung Mi;Kim, Jun-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.93-100
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    • 2020
  • Hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂) (mean weight 27.3±3.8 g, mean length 11.6±0.7 cm) were exposed to waterborne nitrite at 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600mg L-1 for 96 hours. The hematocrit and hemoglobin values were significantly decreased by exposure to 100 mg L-1 and 400 mg L-1, respectively. In plasma components, no significant change was observed in magnesium. Glucose was significantly increased by 200 and 400 mg L-1 nitrite but reduced by 800 mg L-1. Cholesterol was significantly decreased by 400 mg L-1 nitrite, but there was no significant change in total protein. GPT(glutamic pyruvate transaminase) was significantly increased by exposure to 200 and 400mg L-1. ALP(Alkaline phosphatase) was significantly increased by 800 mg L-1. The results of this study indicate that acute exposure to nitrite changes physiological parameters, such as hematological properties and plasma components.

Changes in hematological parameters and plasma components of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus exposed to acute microplastics (넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus의 미세플라스틱 급성 노출에 따른 혈액성상 및 혈장성분의 변화)

  • Kim, So-Hee;Kim, Ga-Hyun;Kim, Ji-Su;Kim, Jun-Hwan;Jeon, Yu-Hyeon;Cho, Jae-Hwang;Kim, Seok-Ryel;Kim, Dae-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.344-353
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    • 2021
  • Juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (mean weight 66.7±7.1 g; mean length 19.2±0.9 cm) in a bio-floc environment were exposed to microplastic (PE: polyethylene, size 40-48 ㎛) at 0, 4, 20, 100, 500 and 2,500 mg L-1 for 96 hours. No P. olivaceus deaths were observed following microplastic exposure. In the plasma components, calcium was significantly decreased whereas there was no significant change with magnesium following microplastic exposure. Glucose was significantly decreased with over 100mg L-1 at 48 hours and 20mg L-1 at 96 hours. Cholesterol was significantly decreased with over 20mg L-1 after 48 hours, whereas there was no significant change in the total protein content. In enzymatic plasma components, the AST(Aspartate aminotransferase) was significant decreased by microplastic exposure. The results of this study indicate that acute exposure to microplastic induces blood physiological changes in P. olivaceus.

Toxic Effects on Lethal Concentration 50%, Heamatological Parameters and Plasma Components of Crucian carp, Carassius carassius by Acute Waterborne Nickel Exposure (수인성 니켈 급성 노출이 붕어, Carassius carassius의 반수치사농도, 혈액학적 성상 및 혈장 성분에 미치는 독성 영향)

  • Chang-Hoon, Joo;A-Hyun, Jo;Su-Min, Hong;Ji-Ho, Jeong;Yun-A, Ryu;Seock-Won, Jo;Jae-Hee, Song;Jun-Hwan, Kim
    • Journal of Marine Life Science
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.102-112
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    • 2022
  • Crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Weight 39.7±3.1 g, Length 14.8±0.5 cm) were exposed to waterborne nickel at 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg Ni2+/l. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of C. carassius exposed to waterborne nickel was 117.69 mg Ni2+/l. In hematological parameters, RBC counts was significantly increased at 48 hours, whereas a significant decrease was observed at 96 hours. The MCV and MCH were significantly increased in the concentration of 80 mg Ni2+/l at 96 hours. The plasma components such as calcium, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, AST, ALT and ALP were significantly changed by waterbonre nickel exposure. The results of this study suggest that the nickel exposure to C. carassius affects the survival rates, hematological parameters and plasma components as toxicity

Effects on Lethal Concentration 50%, Hematological Parameters and Plasma Components of Crucian carp, Carassius carassius Exposed to Waterborne Zinc (수인성 아연 급성 노출이 붕어, Carassius carassius의 반수치사농도, 혈액학적 성상 및 혈장 성분에 미치는 영향)

  • Ji-Ho, Jeong;Chang-Hoon, Joo;A-Hyun, Jo;Su-Min, Hong;Yun-A, Ryu;Seock-Won, Jo;Jun-Hwan, Kim
    • Journal of Marine Life Science
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.129-138
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    • 2022
  • Crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Weight 42.4 ± 9.0 g, Length 15.0 ± 1.0 cm) were exposed to waterborne zinc at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg Zn2+/l for 96 hours. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) at 96 hours of crucian carp, C. carassius exposed to waterborne zinc was 51.58 mg Zn2+/l. In hematological parameters, the RBC count was significantly decreased in the concentration of 40 mg Zn2+/l at 48 hours, whereas the hematocrit was significantly increased by zinc exposure. The MCV (mean corpuscular volume) (µl) and MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) (pg) were significantly increased in the concentration of 40 mg Zn2+/l at 48 hours. The plasma components such as calcium, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, total protein and ALT (Alanine aminotransminase) were significantly changed by zinc exposure. The results of this study suggest that the zinc exposure to C. carassius induced the significant physiological changes in the hematological parameters and plasma components as toxicity.

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis of Chicken Fed Various Long Chain Fatty Acids (닭에서의 지방산(脂肪酸) 생합성(生合成)에 미치는 급여지방산(給與脂肪酸)의 영향(影響))

  • Koh, Tae-Song
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.313-319
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    • 1978
  • In order to investigate the effect of dietary long chain fatty acids on fatty acid biosynthesis of liver in birds, single comb White Leghron male chicks were fed a fat-free diet an diets containing margaric, stearic and linoleic acids and liver lipid components and liver and plasma fatty acid distributions were compared. Total lipids of tissues were extracted with a chloroform-methanol mixture. The lipid components were determined by thin layer chromatography and fatty acid distribution of lipid fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Fatty acid feeding did not affect liver lipid components. When margaric acid(17 : 0), was fed, 17:0 and heptadecenoic acid(17:1) appeared in every lipid fractions of liver and plasma, and distribution values of these acids were not significantly different between the lipid fractions of liver. In blood plasma of the 17 : 0 fed chicks, however, significantly higher distribution values of 17 : 0 and 17.1 were observed in the triglyceride fraction and in the cholesterol ester fraction, respectively. Dietary stearic acid (18 : 0) did not show any effect on the distribution of 18 : 0 in every lipid fractions of liver but showed a significantly higher distribution value of 18 : 0 in the free fatty acid fraction of plasma. When linoleic acid (18 : 2) was fed, every lipid fractions of liver and plasma contained 18 : 2, especially a significantly higher distribution value was observed in the phospholipid fraction of liver. Dietary margaric and linoleic acids tended to decrease the distribution value of endogenously synthesized palmitoleic (16 : 1) and oleic (18 : 1) acids in liver.

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Stress analysis of the KSTAR vacuum vessel under thermal and electromagnetic loads (KSTAR 진공용기 열 및 전자기력 하중에 의한 응력해석)

  • Cho, S.;Kim, J.B.;Her, N.I.;Im, K.H.;Sa, J.W.;Yu, I.K.;Kim, Y.C.;Do, C.J.;Kwon, M.
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2001.06d
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    • pp.325-330
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    • 2001
  • One of the principal components of the KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) tokamak structure is the vacuum vessel, which acts as the high vacuum boundary for the plasma and also provides the structural support for internal components. Hyundai Heavy Industries Inc. has performed the engineering design of the vacuum vessel. Here the overall configuration of the KSTAR vacuum vessel was briefly described and then the design methodology and the analysis results were presented. The vacuum vessel consists of double walls, several ports, leaf spring style supports. Double walls are separated by reinforcing ribs and filled with baking/shielding water. The overall external dimensions of the main body are 3.39 m high, 1.11 m inner radius, 2.99 m outer radius, and made of SA240-316LN. The vacuum vessel was designed to be capable of achieving the base pressure of $1\times10^{-8}$ Torr, and also to be structurally capable of sustaining the vacuum pressure, the electromagnetic and thermal loads during plasma disruption and bakeout, respectively. The vacuum vessel will be baked out maximum $150^{\circ}C$ by hot pressurized water through the channels formed between double walls and the reinforcing ribs. A 3-D temperature distribution and the resulting thermal loads in the vessel were calculated during bakeout. It was found that the vacuum vessel and its supports were structurally rigid based on the thermal stress analysis. The maximum electromagnetic loads on the vacuum vessel induced by eddy and halo currents resulting from the engineering plasma radial and vertical disruption scenarios have been estimated. The stress analyses have been performed based on these electromagnetic loads and the resulting stresses at he critical locations of the vacuum vessel were within the allowable stresses.

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Effect of defects on lifetime of silicon electrodes and rings in plasma etcher (플라즈마 에쳐용 실리콘 전극과 링의 수명에 미치는 결함의 영향)

  • Eum, Jung-Hyun;Chae, Jung-Min;Pee, Jae-Hwan;Lee, Sung-Min;Choi, Kyoon;Kim, Sang-Jin;Hong, Tae-Sik;Hwang, Choong-Ho;Ahn, Hak-Joon
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.101-105
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    • 2010
  • Silicon electrode and ring in a plasma etcher those are in contact with harsh plasma suffer from periodic heating and cooling during their lifetime. This causes the silicon components failure due to thermal stress remaining the persistent slip bands (PSBs) on their surfaces. The factors that determine the lifetime of silicon electrode and ring were discussed with respect to silicon ingot. The impurity level and the average defect concentration measured with glow discharge mass spectrometer (GDMS) and microwave photo-conductance decay (${\mu}$-PCD) were compared with the grade of silicon ingots those are divided to slip-free and slip-allowed ingot. Some silp-allowed samples showed planar defects along <110> direction on {001} surface. The role of these defects was suggested from the viewpoint of the lifetime of silicon components.