• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1999

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Dojuksan on the renal functions and internal secretion system, as water balance, urine volume, urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, free water clearance, urinary excretion of creatinine, plasma levels of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plasma levels of aldosterone and plasma renin activity, comparing experimental group which Dojuksan water extract were administrated with control group. Sprague-Dawley rats, about 200-250 g, were used for this experiment. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Water balance decreased significantly after the administration of Dojuksan water extract. 2. Urine volume increased significantly after the administration of $100{\mu}l$ Dojuksan water extract per 100g rat. 3. Urinary excretion of sodium increased significantly but urinary excretion of potassium did not change after the administration of Dojuksan water extract. 4. Free water clearance decreased significantly after the administration of Dojuksan water extract 5. Urinary excretion of creatinine increased significantly after the administration of Dojuksan water extract 6. Plasma renin activity did not change after the administration of Dojuksan water extract 7. Plasma levels of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) did not change after the administration of Dojuksan water extract 8. Plasma levels of aldosterone decreased significantly after the administration of 200 ${\mu}Dojuksan water extract per l00g rat The results suggest that Dojuksan increase the urinary excretion of sodium. and thus reduce the water balance, which resulted from suppression of sodium reabsorption into renal tubule by increasing glomerular filtration rate and decreasing aldosterone.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1272-1277
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• 2001

카드뮴 급여에 따른 구기자차 음용수가 흰쥐의 신장 무게, 신장 조직의 카드뮴 함량과 혈중 renin 및 aldosterone 호르몬 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 체중 증가량과 식이 효 율은 각각 카드뮴 농도를 달리하여 급여한 군은 대조군, 구기자차 음용수군, 카드뮴과 구기자차 음용수 병합 급여군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소되었다. 신장조직의 무게에서 대조군이 2.33 g, 구기자 차 음용수 급여군은 2.51 g으로 대조군에 비하여 약간 감소하였고 각각 농도를 달리 한 카드뮴 급여군은 카드뮴과 구기자차 음용수 병합 급여군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였다. 신장조직의 카드뮴 함량은 구기자차 음용수군이 0.15$\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 대조군은 0.21 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g으로 대조군에 비하여 감소하였고, 각각 농도를 달리한 카드뮴 급여군에 비하여 구기자와 카드뮴 병합 급여군이 유의적으로 감소되었다. Renin 활성도에서 구기자차 음용수 급여군은 14.20 ngAl/mL/hr으로 대조군인 16.89 ngAl/mL/hr에 비하여 약간 감소하였으나 유의적 인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 각각 농도를 달리한 카드뮴 급여군은 28.72, 29.12 ngAl/mL/hr으로 카드뮴과 구기자 차 음용수 병합 급여군인 17.99, 16.52 ngAl/mL/hr에 비하여 유의성 있게 증가하였다. Aldosterone활성도에서 대조군에 비하여 구기자 차 음용수 급여군이 약간 감소하였으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 각각 농도를 달리한 카드뮴 급여군은 각각 731.37 pg/mL, 820.01 pg/mL에 비하여 카드뮴, 구기자차 음용수 병합 급여군인 408.48, 385.93 pg/mL로 유의적으로 감소하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.319-329
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• 1990

장기적으로 소금 섭취량을 달리 한 정상 및 고혈압쥐에서 atrial natriurectic peptide (ANP) 가 혈압, renin-aldosterone 및 신배설에 미치는 효과를 비교하였다. 생후 6주된 spontaneously hyper-tensive rate (SHR)와 Wistar 숫쥐를 각각 저염, 정상염 및 고염 (2, 10, 25 mmol NaCl/100g diet) 군으로 나누어 실험 식이를 6주동안 먹었다. 실험 당일 아침에 쥐를 ether로 마취시킨 상태에서 대퇴 동맥과 정맥 및 방광에 catheter를 삽입한 다음에 쥐를 restraining cage에 넣어 고정시켰다. 마취가 깨고 혈압이 안정된 후에 정맥관으로 0.9% saline을 0.02ml/min의 속도로 80분간 주입하고 안정시 뇨와 혈액을 채취하였다. 그후 ANP를 380 ng/kg/min의 속도로 20분간 주입하였으며 그동안 10분 간격으로 요를 채취한 다음 채혈하였다. 혈장 aldosterone 농도와 renin 활성도 (PRA)를 방사면역법으로 측정하였다. ANP를 주입하기 전에 SHR 고염군의 평균동맥압은 정사염이나 저염군보다 유의하게 높았으나, Wistar의 혈압은 소금군 사이에서 차이가 없었다. ANP 주입전의 혈장 aldosterone 농도는 소금 섭취량이 많을수록 유의하게 낮았으며, Wistal 군이 SHR 보다 높은 값을 보였다. 혈장 renin 활성도는 소금군 간에 차이가 없었으며, Wistar와 SHR 간에도 차이가 없었다. 요량이나 Na, K 배설률은 소금군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, SHR이 Wistar 보다 높은 경향을 보였다. Hematocrit 값도 소금군 간에 차이가 없었으나, SHR의 값이 Wistar 보다 유의하게 높았다. ANP를 주입하는 동안 혈압이 점진적으로 감소하여 20분후에는 $20{\sim}30\;mmHg$ 정도 감소하였으나, 각 소금군사이에 차이가 없었다. 그러나, ANP에 의한 혈압 강하 정도는 SHR이 Wistar 보다 유의하게 높았다. ANP 주입 후에는 모든 군에서 aldosterone과 혈장 renin 활성도가 유의하게 감소하였는데, aldosterone의 감소 정도는 저염군에서 가장 크게 나타났다. ANP의 이뇨 및 Na 배설 항진효과는 Wistar에서는 소금군 간에 차이가 없었으나, SHR 에서는 고염군의 Na 배설률이 저염군보다 유의하게 높았다. ANP의 혈압강하 효과나 Na 배설 항진효과가 SHR에서 Wistar 보다 유의하게 높게 나타났으나, 이뇨반응, renin 및 hematocrit의 변화에는 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서, 장기적으로 소금 섭취량이 다름에 따라 ANP의 효과 중에서 특히 aldosterone 분비나 SHR의 Na 배설에 차이가 나타났는데 그 작용 기전은 확실치 않다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.214-222
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• 1997

The aim of this experiments was to investigate the effect of Croton. Tiglii. semen water extract on the renal function, plasma renin activity, plasma levels of atrial natriuretiu peptide and aldosterone in rats. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Water balance was not changed significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract. 2. Urine volume decreased significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract $80{\mu}l/200g$. 3. Urinary excretion of sodium increased significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract $40{\mu}l/200g$, but decreased significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract $80{\mu}l/200g$. 4. Urinary excretion of potassium decreased significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract $80{\mu}l/200g$. 5. Urinary excretion of chloride was not changed significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract. 6. Free water clearance was not changed significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract. 7. Urinary excretion of creatinine increased significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen $40{\mu}l/200g$. 8. Plasma renin activity was not changed significantly after administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract. 9. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide increased significantly after administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract. 10. Plasma levels of aldosterone increased significantly after administration of Croton Tiglii semen $40{\mu}l/200g$.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.349-357
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• 1998

The aim of this experiments was to investigate the effect of Semen Plantaginis extract on. the renal function, plasma renin activity, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and aldosterone in rats. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Water balance decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract. 2. Urine volume increased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract, 0.1ml/200g. 3. Urinary excretion of sodium decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract, 0.1 ml/200 g, 2week. 4. Urinary excretion of potassium decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract, 0.1 ml/200 g, 2week. 5. Urinary excretion of chloride decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract. 6. Free water clearance increased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract 0.1 ml/200 g, 2 week and 0.2 ml/200 g. 7. Urinary excretion of creatinine increased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract. 8. Plasma renin activity decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract, 0.2 ml/200 g. 9. Plasma levels of aldosterone decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract. 10. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.170-176
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• 1997

Twenty two hypertensive and thirty normotensive in-patients were participated in this study to investigate the relationship between plasma renin activity and metabolism of Ca and Na, Prior to pharmacological treatments, renin activity, aldosterone and parathyroid hormone(PTH) levels were measured from the fasting blood samles. Twenty four hour urine samples were collected to analyze urinary levels of creatinine, Ca, Na and K. Habitual intake of Na and Ca were also measured for hypertensive and normotensive patients. Hypertensive subjects were classified into higher reinin hypertensive (HH), medium renin hypertensive(MH) and low renin hypertensive (LH) group according to their renin activities. PTH level of LH group was the highest among three hypertensive groups. It appeared that aldosterone levels of HH group were significantly higher than LH or MH groups(p<0.05). However there were no significan시 differences in aldosterone level between LH group and normotensive group. Habitual intake of Na and Ca were highest in LH group but lowest in HH group, however, they were not statistically different. Positive correlations of systolic blood pressure with PTH(r=0.2597) and aldosterone(r=0.26480existed(p<0.05). Urinary Ca level was positively correlated with urinary Na(r=0.5619), K(r=0.4533) and habitual Na intake(r=0.3253). Above results suggested the possible relationships among renin activity, habitual Ca intake and Na intake and suggested a further study on the interrelationship between the hormonal control of Ca and Na metabolism and blood pressure in hypertension.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2013

Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA), a rare syndrome of systemic or renal mineralocorticoid resistance, is clinically characterized by hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and elevated plasma aldosterone levels with either renal salt wasting or hypertension. PHA is a heterogeneous disorder both clinically and genetically and can be divided into three subgroups; PHA type 1 (PHA1), type 2 (PHA2) and type 3 (PHA3). PHA1 and PHA2 are genetic disorders, and PHA3 is a secondary disease of transient mineralocorticoid resistance mostly associated with urinary tract infections and obstructive uropathies. PHA1 includes two different forms with different severity of the disease and phenotype: a systemic type of disease with autosomal recessive inheritance (caused by mutations of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel, ENaC) and a renal form with autosomal dominant inheritance (caused by mutations of the mineralocorticoid receptor, MR). In the kidneys, the distal nephron takes charge of the fine regulation of water absorption and ion handling under the control of aldosterone. Two major intracellular actors necessary for the action of aldosterone are the MR and the ENaC. Impairment of the intracellular aldosterone signal transduction pathway results in resistance to the action of mineralocorticoids, which leads to PHA. Herein, ion handling the distal nephron and the clinico-genetic findings of PHA are reviewed with special emphasis on PHA type 1.

• 동의생리학회지
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• 제14권2호통권20호
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• pp.189-198
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• 1999

Aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, have been used as antibiotics for the various infections by gram-negative bacteria. However, there are some restrictions for using these drugs. Gentamicin, a typical aminoglycoside, has the side effect of nephrotoxicity, including polyuria, glycosuria, proteinuria, glomerulonephritis, and uremia. The aims of this study were to examine the prevention or reduction effects of Jinmootang on the gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and to investigate the possible mechanisms on the effect of Jinmootang. The subcutaneous injections of 60mg of gentamicin per kg of boby weight to Sprague-Dawley rats for 8 days induced typical symptoms of nephrotoxicity by aminoglycosides. 0.6ml of water extract Jinmootang (100ml/chup) was orally treated in the experimental animal. 24-hour urine was collected with the metabolic cage and plasma was sampled from the abdominal aorta. The plasma concentration of sodium was significantly decreased by the treatment of gentamicin but it was not-significantly changed by the treatment of Jinmootang to the animal. The concentration of potassium was greatly decreased in the gentamicin-treated animals. However. it was returned to the normal level in the Jinmootang-treated animals. The concentrations of creatinine and urea were increased by gentamicin treatment. But, Jinmootang reduced these concentrations. Nevertheless, the osmolalities of plasma in both group were not different from each other. Even though the plasma concentration of aldosterone was not significantly changed, the mean value was increased by the gentamicin intoxication. The concentration of aldosterone was decreased by the treatment of Jinmootang. The reduction of aldosterone level in plasma could be a factor to improve the hypokalemia. The fractional excretion of potassium was much higher than normal by the treatment of gentamicin and it was decreased by 50% in the Jinmootang-treated rats. Therefore, the reabsorption of potassium was significantly increased by the treatment of Jinmootang, even though the filtered load of potassium in the experimental group was much highter than control. Even though the concentration of plasma aldosterone was decreased by the treatment of Jinmootang, the fractional excretion of sodium was not increased, slightly lower. These data suggested that Na reabsorption was increased in the proximal tubule by Jinmootang. The filtered load of glucose in the Jinmootang-treated group was greater than in control. Nevertheless, the fractional excretion of glucose in the experimental group was not different from that in control. These results indicate that glucose reabsorption was increase in the proximal tubule by Jinmootang treatment. The results of this study suggest that Jinmootang could improve the some nephrotoxic symptoms induced by gentramicin treatment. Hypokalemia, the reduced glomerular filtration rate, and dysfunctions of renal proximal tubule and distal nephron were significantly recovered to normal level. The increase of glomerular filtration rate by Jinmootang might contribute to eliminate the waste product, including creatinine and urea, and/or gentamicin through the kidney.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the effects of aqua-acupuncture of Jibaikjihwangtang in two-kidney one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods : we injected aqua-acupuncture solution into Shin-Soo ($BL_{23}$) which corresponds to human acupuncture point in two-kidney one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Systolic blood pressure, renin activity, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plasma levels were tested. Results : Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly after aqua-acupuncture of jibaikjihwangtang. Acupuncture group in two-kidney one clip Goldblatt hyper-tensive rats had deference with control group. In plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, acupuncture group of spontaneously hypertensive rats increased meaningfully but to two-kidney one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats it was decreased meaningfully. In Serum Aldosterone density, the acupuncture group of spontaneously hypertensive rats had significant alteration than control group, but the acupuncture group of two-kidney one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats had decreased alteration than control group. Conclusion : According to these results, after Aqua-Acupuncture of Jibaikjihwangtang blood pressure decreased significantly and data suggest that blood pressure reduction activity connected with renin activity reduction in renal hypertensive rat.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.671-680
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• 1999

In order to investigate the relationship between plasma renin activity and metabolism of Ca and Na in blood pressure, the habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca urinary excretion of Ca, Na and K, and plasma level of renin activity, aldosterone, and indices of Ca metabolism were measured in 27 untreated hypertensive women and 30 age-matched normal women on a free diet. Hypertensive subjects were classified into high renin hypertensive (HH), medium renin hypertensive(HM) and low renin showed no significant difference among normotensive, LH, MH and HM groups. It appeared that 25-(OH) Vit D3 level of HH group was significantly higher than LH group(p<0.05). There was significant difference in habitual intake of Ca between normotensive and LH groups. However, habitual intake of Na showed no significant difference among normotensive, LH, MH and HH group. Positive correlation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with PTH(r=0.324, r=0.375) and urinary Ca(r=0.496, r=0.278) and a negative correlation of systolic blood pressure with habitual Ca intake(r=-0.371) existed(p<0.05). A relative magnitude of factors affecting hypertension was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Overall results about relative influence of independent variables to dependent variable (systolic blood pressure) indicated that urinary Ca was the higher correlation in all subjects(p<0.0001), followed by age and aldosterone. PTH showed a significant correlation for relative influence on diastolic blood pressure in all subjects. The above results indicated that renin-aldosterone system and Ca regulating hormone had a mutual relationship in hypertension.