• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.1689-1699
• /
• 2016

The growth conditions of planted trees, invasion of nuisance herbaceous species, competition between species, and effects of erosion control were monitored over five years in a riparian greenspace in Gapyeong County that was established through multilayered and grouped ecological planting. Of 156 trees planted in the upper and middle layers, 5.8% died. This tree death was attributed to poor drainage or aeration in the rooting zone from the clay-added root ball and too deep planting as well as a small-sized root ball and scanty fine roots. Of all the trees, 21.6% grew poorly due to transplant stress in the first year after planting, but they started to grow vigorously in the third year. This good growth was largely associated with soil improvement before planting, selection of appropriate tree species based on growth ground, and control of dryness and invasive climbing plants through surface mulching and multilayered/grouped planting. Mixed planting of fast-growing species as temporary trees was desirable for accelerating planting effect and increasing planting density. Thinning of fast-growing trees was required in the fifth year after planting to avoid considerable competition with target species. To reduce the invasion of herbaceous and climbing plants that oppress normal growth of planted trees, higher density planting of trees (crown opening of about 15%), woodchip mulching to a 10-cm depth, and edge planting 2 m wide were more effective than lower density planting (crown opening of 70%), no surface mulching, and no edge planting, respectively. This reduction effect was especially great during the first three years after planting. Nuisance herbaceous plants rarely invaded higher density planting with woodchip mulching over the five years. Higher density planting or woodchip mulching also showed much greater erosion control through rainfall interception and buffering than lower density planting with no mulching did. Based on these results, desirable planting and management strategies are suggested to improve the functions of riparian greenspaces.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2000

This experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of harvest index and the relationship between harvest index and yield determination factors by different planting times in the determinate soybean cultivars, Shinpaldal and Danbaeg. Optimum planting were 23 May in 1995 and 1996. Late planting were 13 June in 1995 and 6 June in 1996. Growth period from planting to physiological maturity (R7) was shortened as planting time was delayed in two cultivars due to shortening of reproductive growth period in Shinpaldal, and of vegetative growth period in Danbaeg. Stem weight was distinctly decreased in late planting compared to optimum planting, but seed weight of both cultivars was not different between planting times. Also, seed number per pod and harvest index were significantly increased in late planting and the high correlation was found between two factors. It was suggested that increase of harvest index in late planting would be related with high assimilate use efficiency due to increase of sink capacity. The results of correlation and principal component analysis for yield determination factors showed that main factor on yield determination was pod number per plant at R5 stage associated with dry matter accumulation during early reproductive growth period, seed number per pod and harvest index were the second factor, and one hundred seed weight was the third factor. The result of this experiment indicated that yield determination in soy-bean was dependent mainly on pod number per plant related to dry matter accumulation by early reproductive growth period, and the increase of seed number per pod and harvest index could compensate for yield decrease by shortening of vegetative growth period in late planting. Such result suggests that optimum planting date can be delayed from mid May to early June in improved soybean cultivars in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.117-129
• /
• 2017

This research was conducted to construct a tree belt around Saemangeum reclaimed land using various planting methods and to analyze initial growth amount, to provide practical data to construct tree belt of various purposes. Tree species used in tree belt construction were Pinus thunbergii and Quercus serrata, and the main planting treatment methods used were categorized by existence of windy fence, mixed planting, and un-mixed planting. Growth amount analysis was conducted using ANOVA to compare growth amounts in different experimental groups and Duncan's multiple range test. Growth amount analysis results of tree belt by planting method showed that it is most statistically plausible to install 50% porous windy fence from the direction of wind and frost, followed by planting P. thunbergii and Q. serrata in areas that require mixed tree species tree belt around Saemangeum reclaimed land. In areas where un-mixed planting tree belt is required, it was appropriate to use P. thunbergii alone without a windy fence. Lastly, if the purpose of the tree belt is limited to rapid growth, it was most ideal to plant P. thunbergii alone (without windy fence) or install 50% porous windy fence from the direction of wind and frost, followed by planting P. thunbergii and Q. serrata. This research is based on initial growth amount of tree belt and there is a need for a long-term monitoring of tree belt growth to increase tree-planting success rate in establishing tree belt according to Saemangeum internal development.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.19-22
• /
• 2006

Planting of peony, a perennial herb is usually planted in fall but the planting time can be postponed to next spring for other benefit such as land use, labour diversification and etc. This study was carried out to know the effect of planting time in spring on growth and yield of peony. Sprouting date in first year growth was earlier as planting time was later. Planting on March 10 showed best both top part and root growth and planting after that time resulted in worse growth. In planting on April 10, missing plant rate was 24% and accordingly root yield decreased to 43% comparing with that of March 10. Planting on March 10 resulted in thick and large number of root and so yield per l0a was 635 kg, the highest value among the other planting time in spring. The paeoniflorin content was not different significantly by planting time. These results suggested that March 10 was most appropriate for planting time in spring.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2000

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of several stimulatory trements of flower and seed growth on the reproductive and vegetative growth of Tilia amurensis RUBP. The effects of mounded planting, girdling, root-pruning, bending and foliar fertilizer application on the fifteen to forty yead-old tress growing in the experimental plantation at the Konkuk University and the National forest at the Daegwanryung were measured. The following results were obtained: (1) The number and the longitydinal growth of internode were reduced by the treatments. The xylem growth of the longitudited more greatly than the bark growth by all the treatments. (2)The increasong rate of the brand angle as compared to that of the control was 2.11% in the girdling treatment, 31.61% in the mounded planting treatment, and 22.14% in root-pruning treatment. (3) The foliar application of fertilizer(N, P, K, and B) before flowering increased leaf and stem growth, that one after pollen fertilization increased the fruit growth. (4)The foliar application of fertilizer before flowering increased the xylem growth while that after pollen fertilization increased the bark growth. (5)The stimulatory effects of root pruning and branch bending on the flowering and seed growth were shown relatively less than that of mounded planting. The effect of the moinded planting on the yield of the seeds has remained continuously every year since planting the trees.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 1999

Planting methods of seeding, seed net, sprig net and sprigging were evaluated for influence on the covering rate and the growth of Phragmites spp. The results were as follows. 1. Covering rate was high within 4 months when propagated by sprig net, seeding and sprigging but became same within 5 months afterwards regardless of Planting methods. 2. Growth of leaf height and width was high on vegetative types of Planting methods such as sprig net and sprigging when compared with on seed types of Planting methods such as seeding and seed net. 3. Sprig net showed good covering rate and growth than sprigging when compared within vegetative types of planting. 4. In this study, sprig net was figured out as the best type of Planting methods than any other types of Planting methods for the restoration of a shore vegetation in a urban stream.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.311-318
• /
• 2002

Planting date of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of production components in cultural systems. The objective of the current study was to identify the components of soybean production and cultural practices encompassing planting dates and cultivars that respond to dry matter accumulation, harvest index and yield components. Three determinate soybean cultivars were planted on May 13 (early), June 3 (mid), and June 24 (late). Planting density was 60$\times$15cm with 2 seeds (222,000 plants per ha). Soybean plants were sampled every 10 days interval from the growth stages of V5 to R8 and separated into leaves including petioles, stems, pods, and seeds. Dry matter accumulations, harvest indices, and yield components were measured. Early planting had taken 55 days from VE to R2 and late planting taken 39 days indicating reduced vegetative growth. Early planting showed higher leaf, stem, pod and seed dry weights than late planting. However, late planting appeared to be higher harvest index and harvesting rate. Vegetative mass including leaf and stem increased to a maximum around R4/R5 and total dry weight increased to a maximum around R5/R6 and then declined slightly at R8. The highest seed yield was obtained with mid planting and no difference was found between early and late plantings. Cultivar differences were found among planting dates on growth characteristics and yield components. The results of this experiment indicated that soybean yield in relation to planting dates examined was mainly associated with harvest index and harvesting rate, and planting date of cultivars would be considered soybean plants to reach the growth stage of R4/R5 after mid August for adequate seed yield.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2024

The objective of this study were to assess rooftop urban agriculture and analyze the differences in soil, growth, physiology, and productivity to elucidate the effect of companion planting with various plants, including lettuce (Lactuca sativa), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), marigold (Tagetes patula), Korean perilla (Perilla frutescens), and garlic chives (Allium senescens). Measurements were taken every other week from May to August 2023, totaling eight measurement. Regarding the characteristics of the soil planted with lettuce and aromatic plants, the combined planting of lettuce and garlic chives created a favorable soil environment for plant growth. Consequently, the best growth was observed when lettuce and garlic chives were companion planted. Companion planting of lettuce and garlic chives appears to be the most efficient concerning growth and physiology. The productivity of companion planting lettuce and aromatic plants also showed high-quality lettuce when lettuces and garlic chives were companion planted. Therefore, companion planting of lettuces and garlic chives in rooftop urban agriculture is suitable for growth, physiology, and productivity.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.471-477
• /
• 2022

This field experiment aimed to identify the optimal planting density for establishing a management plan for ground-cover plants under roadside trees. Liriope platyphylla and Hosta longipes both widely used for planting under trees were selected as the plant materials and planted under Prunus serrulata var. spontanea at different planting densities. Based on the distance between each plant, 4 planting densities were used: 11%, 25%, 49%, and 83% with three replications. To estimate plant growth, plant height, number of leaves and tillers, fresh and dry weight, and visual quality were investigated. Liriope platyphylla exhibited relatively better growth at the highest planting density of 83%. For Hosta longipes, however, the lower growth was positively correlated with high planting density. Therefore, the optimal planting density for Liriope platyphylla is 83% and for Hosta longipes is 11%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.286-291
• /
• 2002

Seedling establishment of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a critical factor in production system and cultural practices. The objective of this study was to identify the components of soybean seedling developments encompassing planting dates and cultivars that respond to emergence, early growth stage and dry matter accumulation. Three soybean cultivars, Hwangkeumkong, Shinpaldalkong 2, and Pungsannamulkong, were planted at Baegsan silty loam soil. Planting date was May 13, June 3, and June 24 in 2001. Sprinkler irrigation was accompanied with 30mm after seeding for three planting dates. Soybean seedlings were sampled at the growth stages from VE to V5. Days to emergence of soybean seedlings were taken 8 at May 13 and 5 at June 24 plantings. Emergence percentage was over 90 at three planting dates. May 13 planting took 33 days and June 24 planting was 25 days for reaching V5 growth stage. Cotyledon number was decreased after V2. Significant cultivar difference was found in cotyledon dry weight until V2 which differed in seed dry weights at the planting times. Leaf and total dry weights of soybean seedlings were not differed from V1 to V3 among planting dates and cultivars. Leaf water contents were generally ranged 78 to 85%. Branch was appeared from V4. Leaf/stem ratio among cultivars was similar at five growth stages and gradually increased from 2.1 at V1 to 2.8 at V5. The results based on this experiment indicated that seedling establishment of soybean was continued from VE to V3 growth stages affecting mainly by planting date and soil moisture.