• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.88-94
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• 2005

Plant tissue culture studies have been done for the preservation of medicinal plant resources and efficient production of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites. Micropropagation methods for Cephaelis ipecacuanha have been established and these methods enabled much more efficient propagation of the plants than the conventional methods using seedling or layering. The C. ipecacuanha plants derived from tissue culture grew uniformly in the field and they showed higher alkaloid contents compared to the plants grown from seedlings. Hairy root cultures of C. ipecacuanha and Panax ginseng have been established by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, and the production of important pharmaceuticals by these cultures have been successfully demonstrated. In the case of C. ipecacuanha, the highest alkaloid yields from the hairy roots cultured for 8 weeks were 2.75-fold cephaeline (5.5 mg) and one third emetine (0.7 mg) compared with those from the roots of one-year old plant propagated through shoot-tip culture and cultivated in a greenhouse (2.0 mg cephaeline and 2.0 mg emetine). In the case of P. ginseng, ginsenoside contents in the hairy roots optimally cultured for 4 weeks were much higher than those in the roots of 4-year old field-grown plant. Thus our medicinal plant tissue cultures demonstrate desirable properties. However, they are always exposed to danger of microbial contamination or unexpected trouble of culture facilities. Cryopreservation of plant tissue cultures is a reliable method for long-term preservation. Cryopreservation studies on these cultures are also presented.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2014

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most important factor of gastric disease in clinical practice. Moreover, smoking, stress and a poor diet may be additive factors for gastric damage. With these factors, increasing infection of H. pylori triggers gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. To develop a new protective agent, we are concerned with plant-derived extract. The extract of Coptis chinensis (C. chinensis) and its constituents were investigated to assess their protective activities against gastric damage. The C. chinensis extract showed a scavenging effect against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals, inhibition of H. pylori colonization and antiulcerogenic activities in rat. In particular, palmatine derived from C. chinensis was found to be the novel protective agent. It is better than the C. chinensis extract, berberine, a well-known constituent of C. chinensis. We suggest that palmatine from the root cortex of C. chinensis may be a good candidate for the development of new pharmaceuticals to prevent gastric disease.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.62-62
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• 2019

Natural substances have various physiological activities. Substances isolated from natural substances are known to be safer and more potent than pharmaceuticals. Potatoes not only act as energy sources but also contain active ingredients such as vitamins and minerals. In particular, the potato contains a large amount of polar compounds, including the saponin in the polar compounds, and the physiological activity of the saponins, such as immunity enhancement, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory is known. In this study, the antioxidative activity of polar compounds from five potatoes was examined by chemical base anti-oxidation assay and cell based anti-oxidation assay. In the chemical base anti-oxidation assay, DPPH experiment showed activity in the order of Hongyoung, Haryung, Seohong, Sumi, and Jayoung. In the LPA experiment, IC50 was lower in the order of Jayoung, Seohong, Sumi, Hongyoung, and Haryung. In the cell based anti-oxidation assay, the smallest amount of ROS was generated when the compound was derived from Haryung and hongyoung, and strong SOD activity was observed in Sumi and Jayoung. The results of this study reveal the antioxidative effect of polar compounds extracted from various kind of potatoes, which will enable the acquisition of new bioactive candidates and the establishment of new profit generation models for farmers.

• 생약학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2023

A simple and accurate assay was developed for the quantitative analysis of 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) derived from the silkworm (Bombyx mori). Normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) and a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column was used. Various parameters were applied to optimize the analysis method. The limits of detection and quantification of 1-DNJ were 2.97 × 10^-3 and 9.00 × 10^-3 mg/mL, respectively. The calibration curve showed good linearity results. The concentration range and the r² value were 0.0625-1.0 mg/mL and 0.9997, respectively. The accuracy test demonstrated a significantly high recovery rate (89.95-103.22%). The relative standard deviation was ≤ 1.00%. Thus, a method for the accurate identification and quantitative analysis of 1-DNJ in silkworms was developed. Moreover, in this procedure, the process of derivatization of 1-DNJ, which was required in previous experiments, could be eliminated. This technique may be actively utilized for the development of pharmaceuticals and health functional foods using 1-DNJ.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2020

Objectives: Limited information is available on the presence and associated ecological risks of pharmaceutical residues in aquatic environments near pharmaceutical manufacturing areas in Korea. In this study, we investigated the current state of pharmaceutical contamination and its associated ecological risks in streams near a pharmaceutical manufacturing complex. Methods: Seven pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen, clarithromycin, diclofenac, diphenhydramine, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid and roxithromycin) were measured in water samples collected from the streams near a pharmaceutical manufacturing complex. A predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) was derived using either the assessment factor method or species sensitivity distribution method. In addition, a hazard quotient for each pharmaceutical was calculated by dividing its measured environmental concentration by its PNEC. Results: Samples collected downstream from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) had higher concentrations of pharmaceuticals than those collected from the reference site (upstream). Moreover, pharmaceutical concentrations were greater in ambient water than in the final effluent from the WWTP, which suggested that non-point sources were contributing to the contamination of the ambient water environment. Some of the target pharmaceuticals exhibited a hazard quotient >1, indicating that their potential ecological effects on the aquatic environment near the pharmaceutical industrial area should not be ignored. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the pharmaceutical manufacturing area was contaminated with residual drugs, and that there was a possible non-point source near the WWTP effluent discharge area. The results of this study will aid in the development of management plans for pharmaceuticals, particularly in hotspots such as pharmaceutical industrial sites and their vicinities.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.734-741
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• 2022

전세계적으로 약 4천만 명의 사람들이 인체면역결핍증바이러스(HIV) 감염이 되어 있으며, HIV에 감염된 세포의 수가 치명적인 수준에 다르면 후천성면역결핍증후군을 일으키게 된다. HIV에 감염이 되면 완치 치료가 어려우며 현재 알려진 치료방법으로는 감염, 복제 및 바이러스 방출 억제를 위해 항레트로 바이러스 치료법이 병용되고 있다. 하지만 HIV 바이러스는 지속적인 돌연변이 유발 및 약물에 대한 내성을 갖게 하므로 장기간 약물복용 시 심각한 부작용을 초래한다. 이에 새로운 치료방법과 효능약물에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 식물유래 천연물은 수많은 생리활성물질들이 보고되어 있으며, 이는 항HIV 효능 지닌 잠재성을 가진 후보 물질이 될 수 있다. 1990년 세계보건기구에서는 플라보노이드, 쿠마린, 탄닌 및 테르펜의 항 HIV 효능을 보고하였으며, 이러한 물질은 SARS-CoV-2와 같은 바이러스 감염을 또한 억제하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 항 HIV 효능을 나타내는 식물 추출물 및 파이토케미컬에 대한 최신 연구동향(2021-현재)을 검토하였으며, 이를 통해 항HIV 효능을 지닌 새로운 천연물 발굴의 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2010

Antibodies are powerful and versatile tools to play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Their application has been enhanced significantly with the advanced recombinant DNA and heterologonous expression technologies, allowing to produce immunotherapeutic proteins with improved biofunctional properties. However, with currently available technologies, mammalian cell-based therapeutic antibody production, as an alternative for production in humans and animals, is often not plentiful for passive immunotherapeutics in treatment of many diseases. Recently, plant expression systems for therapeutic antibodies have become well-established. Thus, plants have been considered to provide an attractive alternative production system for therapeutic antibodies, as plants have several advantages such as the lack of human pathogens, and low cost of upstream production and flexible scale-up of highly valuable recombinant glycoproteins. Recent advances in modification of posttranslational processing for human-like glycosylation in transgenic plants will make it possible that plant can become a suitable protein expression system over the animal cellbased current production system. This review will discuss recent advances in plant expression technology and issues for their application to therapeutic antibody production.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2009

In the present study, a simple one medium formulation protocol for callus culture, somatic embryogenesis and in vitro production of ${\beta}-carboline$ alkaloids and diosgenin in Tribulus terrestris L. was developed. Extensive callus induction and proliferation was obtained in leaf explant on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with $5.0{\mu}M$ 6 benzyl adenine (BA) and $2.5{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}-naphthaleneacetic$ acid (NAA). The embryogenic callus was maintained on subculture to fresh parental medium at 4-week intervals over a period of 28 months. The frequency of embryo formation was at a maximum ($18.1{\pm}0.9$ per g of callus) on MS medium containing $5.0{\mu}M$ BA and $2.5{\mu}M$ NAA together with $75mg\;1^{-1}$ casein hydrolysate. Globular embryo developed into torpedo stage embryo under the influence of starvation. The accumulation of ${\beta}-carboline$ alkaloids (harmaline and harmine) and steroidal saponin (diosgenin) in non-embryogenic and embryogenic callus culture derived from leaf explant was compared with root, leaf, stem, and fruit of the mother plant. The embryogenic callus accumulated equivalent amounts of harmaline ($66.4{\pm}0.5{\mu}g/g$ dry weight), harmine ($82.7{\pm}0.6{\mu}g/g$ dry weight), and diosgenin ($170.7{\pm}1.0{\mu}g/g$ dry weight) to that of the fruit of T. terrestris. The embryogenic callus culture of this species might offer a potential source for production of important pharmaceuticals.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.588-596
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• 2020

This study was carried out to increase the treatment efficiency through the improvement of the conventional biological process, and to propose the optimal treatment direction. The optimal treatment conditions were derived based on the results of the spike damage tests in each single process. The removal efficiency of micropharmaceuticals was further increased when an ozone treatment process was added to the biological process compared to the single process. The soil and activated carbon adsorption process was introduced in the post-treatment to remove the micropharmaceutical residues, and the removal efficiency of the pharmaceduticals in the final effluent was more than 85% in spike damage experiment. In particular, the continuous process of biological treatment-ozone-adsorption could ensure the stable treatment of micropharmaceuticals, which had not been efficiently removed in the single process, as it showed more than 80% removal efficiency. Therefore, it is expected that the addition of the ozone oxidation and activated carbon adsorption process to the existing sewage treatment facilities can contribute to the efficient removal of micropharmaceuticals.