• Title/Summary/Keyword: plant temperature

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Diagnoses of Abiotic Stress in Cucumber Plant with Non-destructive Physiological Instruments

  • Sung, Jae Hoo;Suh, Sang Ryong;Chung, Gap Chae;Lee, K.H.
    • Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.75-80
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    • 2001
  • This paper describes method to diagnose abiotic stresses such ad low root temperature, low light intensity and high salinity in cucumber plants with several physiological instruments. The stresses could be detected by measuring and analyzing the differences in chlorophyll content, temperature difference between leaf and atmosphere and light absorptance at wavelengths of 480, 560, 710, 1420 and 1650nm. It was concluded that the stresses could be first diagnosed from the 3rd to 10th day after treatment and the overall accuracy of diagnosis was estimated between 25 and 75%. near-infrared spectrometer showed better and earlier detection than the other instruments investigated.

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Synthesis and Microstructure of Cu/VSZ Composite for High Temperature Electrolysis Cathode (고온수전해 수소극용 Cu/YSZ 복합체의 제조 및 미세구조)

  • Kim, Jong-Min;Jung, Hang-Chul;Kang, An-Soo;Hong, Hyun-Seon
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.238-243
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    • 2007
  • The composite powder of Cu and YSZ was synthesized for a high temperature electrolysis cathode by mechanical milling. The average Cu particle size was reduced to 5 micro-meter from 48 micro-meter after the mechanical ball milling. The composite powder showed that Cu particles were uniformly covered with finer YSZ particles. Sub-micron sized pores were uniformly dispersed in the Cu/YSZ composit. Homogeneously-dispersed fine YSZ in the composite is expected to the increase in triple phase boundaries, thereby leading the enhanced performance of cathode.

Synthesis of Ceramic Protective Coatings for Chemical Plant Parts Operated in Hi-temperature and Corrosive/Erosive Environment

  • Son, M.C.;Park, J.R.;Hong, K.T.;Seok, H.K.
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2005
  • Some feasibility studies are conducted to produce an advanced ceramic coating, which reveals superior chemical and mechanical strength, on metal base structure used in chemical plant. This advanced coating on metallic frame can replace ceramic delivery pipe and reaction chamber used in chemical plant, which are operated in hi-temperature and corrosive/erosive environment. An dual spraying is adopted to reduce the residual stress in order to increase the coating thickness and the residual stress is estimated by in-situ manner. Then new methodology is tried to form special coating of yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG), which reveals hi-strength and low-creep rates at hi-temperature, superior anti-corrosion property, hi-stability against Alkali-Vapor corrosion, and so on, on iron base structure. To verify the formation of YAG during thermal spraying, XRD(X ray diffraction) technique was used.

Analysis of Temperature Effect on Activated Sludge Process at Cheong-Gye Cheon Sewage Treatment Plant (활성오니공법에 있어서 수온이 처리효율에 미치는 영향에 관한 분석 -청계천 하수종말처리장에 대하여-)

  • 이은경
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.9-20
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    • 1981
  • This study was performed to determine the correlationship between temperature and overall removals of BOD, SS and to demonstrate the effect of temperature on treatment performance. These data for a period from February 1, 1977 to January 31, 1980 were obtained from the Cheong-Gye Cheon Sewage Treatment plant. The results of correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were as follows. 1) Secondary effluent BOD and SS showed negative correlationship with water temperature, with correlation coefficient of -0.1710, and -0.1654 respectively. 2) Correlation coefficient of BOD, SS removal rate and water temperature were 0.1823 and 0.0429 respectively. 3) Regresion equation for estimate of BOD removal rate was as follows $\widehat{Y}_1$ (BOD removal rate)=63.9994+0.5442X(water temperature). And BOD removal rate showed non significant change according to the water temperature. 4) Regression equation for estimate of SS removal rate was as follows $\widehat{Y}_2$ (SS removal rate)=61.6881+0.1514X(Water temperature). And SS removal rate showed non significant change according to the water temperature. 5) According to the Stepwise Multiple Regression analysis, water temperature ranked second order in the BOD removal rate estimation and the equation was as follows $\widehat{Y}_1$ (BOD removal rate)=69.7398+0.2665 $X_1$ (Primary effluent BOD)+0.3562 $X_2$ (Water temperature)-0.0122 $X_3(Flow)+4413.271X_4$ (Organic Loading).

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Effects of Photoperiod and Temperature on Flowering Responses of Ornamental Nicotiana species (일장 및 온도처리가 관상용 Nicotiana species의 개화에 미치는 영향)

  • Koo, Han-Seo;Kim, Chung-Whan;Lee, Young-Deuk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 1989
  • Several growth characteristics of two ornamental tobacco species, Nicotiana sanderae and N. affinis, were investigated in this study. Also effect of temperature and daylength on the flowering of the tobacco plants were evaluated to obtain basic information on breeding and cultivation. 1. The plants were great in high temperature-long day at the early stage and in low temperature-short day at the late stage of plant growth, for both Nicotana species. At the early growth stage the leaf length N. sanderae was great in high temperature-long day, and that of N. affinis was great in high temperature-short day period, while at the late stage of the plant growth the leaf lengths were more significantly effected by the temperature rather than daylength. Leaf width and leaf shape index were less sensitive to the conditions. 2. For both of the species, the total number of tobacco leaves not much influenced by the temperature and daylength. 3. There were no significant differences for budding and flowering period between the two species, both of which were sensitive to temperature and daylength with more influence by daylength than temperature. 4. Number of floral stalks, number of flower and flowering period were not much influenced by temperature and daylength; however, N. affinis had 2 more floral stalks, 31 more flowers, and 6 day longer flowering period than N. sanderae.

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Estimation of Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Seeds from the Common Ice Plant Using Bilinear, Parabolic, and Beta Distribution Models

  • Cha, Mi-Kyung;Park, Kyoung Sub;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.236-241
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    • 2016
  • The common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) has some medicinal uses and recommended plant in closed-type plant factory. The objective of this study was to estimate the cardinal temperatures for seed germination of the common ice plant using bilinear, parabolic, and beta distribution models. Seeds of the common ice plant were germinated in the dark in a growth chamber at four constant temperatures: 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$. For this, four replicates of 100 seeds were placed on two layers of filter paper in a 9-cm petri dish and radicle emergence of 0.1 mm was scored as germination. The times to 50% germination were 4.3, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8 days at 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively, indicating that the germination of this warm-weather crop increased with temperature. Next, the time course of germination was modeled using a logistic function. For the selection of an accurate model, seeds were germinated in the dark at constant temperatures of 6, 12, 32, and $36^{\circ}C$. Germination started earlier and increased rapidly at temperatures above $20^{\circ}C$. The minimum, optimal, and maximum temperatures were estimated by regression of the inverse of time to 50% germination rate, as a function of the temperature gradient. The different functions estimated differing minimum, optimal and maximum temperatures, with 5.7, 27.7, and $36.5^{\circ}C$, respectively for the bilinear function, 13.4, 25.0, and $36.6^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the parabolic function and 7.8, 25.9, and $36.0^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the beta distribution function. The models estimated that the inverse of time to 50% germination rate was 0 at 6 and $36^{\circ}C$. The observed final germination rates at 12 and $32^{\circ}C$ were 62 and 97%, respectively. Our data show that a beta distribution function provides a useful model for estimating the cardinal temperatures for germination of seed from the common ice plant.

Expression of Low Temperature Regulated Gene H28 in Solanum tuberosum L.

  • Choi, Kyung-Hwa;Jeon, Jae-Heung;Kim, Hyun-Soon;Joung, Young-Hee;Joung, Hyouk;Yang, Deok-Chun
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.300-304
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    • 1997
  • Leaf dise explants of Solanum tuberosum cultivar. Desiree and Atlantic, were infected with a Agrobacterium MP90 strain containing chimeric gene construct, consisting of antibiotic and low temperature regulated gene (H28) for transformation. regenerated multiple shoots were selected on a medium containing kanamycin and carbenieillin after exposure to Agrobacterium. Both PCR analysis of NPT Ⅱ, H28 genes and northern blot analysis indicated that the genes coding for the enzyme were successfully integrated into the potato genome and could be expressed in potato plants.

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Quantifying rice spikelet sterility on Vietnamese cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) under high temperature and shading condition

  • Tran, Loc Thuy;Shaitoh, Kuniyuki
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.43-43
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    • 2017
  • During grain filling period, rice is affected by many environmental factors; including temperature, water, radiation and soil nutrition condition. In future climate, greater shading and heat tolerance will be required in rice. In this study, the effect of shading and high temperature on spikelet sterility was conducted on fourteen Vietnamese cultivars. Field experiments were studied in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the response of Vietnamese cultivars under high temperature during grain filling stage. The high temperature and shading were applied by closing two sides of growth chamber and covered by a black cloth (50% reduced solar radiation) under the field condition after the first cultivar heading. The sterility increased significantly under high temperature and shading. The highest percentage sterile spiketlets was observed in 'Jasmine 85' (71.7%) under shading and in 'OM4900' (53.4%) under high temperature in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Among the treatments, the percentage of sterile spekelets in Vietnamese cultivars under shading was highest which was 54.9% and 41.8% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Yield components reduced significantly in both of shading and high temperature. Corresponding with significantly decrease in yield components, the yield in high temperature and shading decreased strongly in both 2015 and 2016.

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The Effect of Temperature and Seed Soaking on Germination in Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl. (백수오 종자의 발아에 미치는 온도 및 침종 효과)

  • Hwang, In-Seong;Yoo, Ji-Hye;Seong, Eun-Soo;Lee, Jae-Geun;Kim, Hee-Young;Kim, Nam-Jun;Lee, Jung-Dae;Ham, Jin-Kwan;Ahn, Young-Sup;Kim, Na-Young;Yu, Chang-Yeon
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.136-139
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    • 2012
  • This study is part of research to develop the technology for managing major medicinal crops after harvest. We studied the optimal germination conditions of $Cynanchum$ $wilfordii$ (Maxim.) Hemsl. The mean germination time (MGT) of $C.$ $wilfordii$ seeds was higher after soaking for 4 days after storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks, than with germination at $25^{\circ}C$ (3 days). However, the germinative energy (GE) decreased as the number of days soaking increased. The greatest germination rate ($83.3{\pm}8.8%$) was at $25^{\circ}C$ with no soaking of seeds stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. Based on these results, we characterized the germination conditions of a major medicinal crop.

Evaluation of the Ductile-Brittle Transition Behavior of fracture Toughness by Material Degradation (열화에 따른 파괴인성치의 연성-취성 천이거동 평가)

  • 석창성;김형익;김상필
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.140-147
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    • 2003
  • As the huge energy transfer systems like as nuclear power plant and steam power plant are operated for a long time at a high temperature, mechanical properties are changed and ductile-brittle transition temperature is raised by degradation. So it is required to estimate degradation in order to assess the safety, remaining life and further operation parameters. The sub-sized specimen test method using surveillance specimen was developed for evaluating the integrity of metallic components. In this study, we would like to present the evaluation technique of the ductile-brittle transition temperature by the sub-sized specimen test. The four classes of the thermally aged 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V specimens were prepared using an artificially accelerated aging method. The tensile test and fracture toughness test were performed. The results of the fracture toughness tests using the sub-sized specimens were compared with the evaluation technique of the ductile-brittle transition temperature.