• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.87.1-87
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.38-39
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• 2004

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• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.248-258
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• 2012

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most important food crops worldwide and yields of potato can be affected by virus infection. While more than 40 viruses have been found in potato, only nine viruses (potato leafroll virus, potato viruses A, M, S, V, X and Y, potato moptop virus and tobacco rattle virus) and one viroid (potato spindle tuber viroid) have a significant economic impact on potato, worldwide. This review describes the geographical distribution of the most important viruses infecting potato and the genes for resistance or tolerance that have been identified against these various infectious agents. In some cases such resistance genes have been found only in other Solanum species. Few genes for resistance to the vectors of these viruses have been obtained and even fewer have been deployed successfully. However, transgenic resistance in potato has been achieved against seven of these disease agents.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.418-422
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• 2012

Eleven hot pepper accessions collected in Vietnam showed stable resistance to bacterial wilt as well-known resistance sources, MC4 and MC5, in repeated inoculation tests with different Ralstonia solanacearum isolates conducted from 2004 to 2010. Seven of these accessions (specifically KC981, KC1006, KC1021, KC1027, KC1045, KC1050, and KC1055) resulted in stable male sterile F1 plants in the crosses with a cytoplasmically male sterile (CMS) Chilseong (CMS-A, Srfrf ), and therefore, they were maintainers (CMS-B) with a genotype of Nrfrf. The rest (KC980, KC995, KC999, and KC1009) produced stable male fertile F1 plants in the crosses, and therefore, were restorers (CMS-C) with a genotype of N(S)RfRf. Therefore, the maintainer and restorer sources of resistance may be used in preference in breeding maternal (CMS and their maintainers) and paternal parents (restorers) for resistance to bacterial wilt, respectively, in the hybrid breeding system utilizing cytoplasmic male sterility.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2002

To understand plant-pathogen interactions, a complete set of hot pepper genes differentially expressed against pathogen attack was isolated. As an initial step, hundreds of differentially expressed cDNAS were isolated from hot pepper leaves showing non-host resistance against bacterial plant pathogens (Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae) using differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDDRT-PCR) technique. Reverse Northern and Northern blot analyses revealed that 50% of those genes were differentially expressed in pepper loaves during non-host resistance response. Among them, independent genes without redundancy were micro-arrayed for further analysis. Random EST sequence database were also generated from various CDNA libraries including pepper tissue specific libraries and leaves showing non-host hypersensitive response against X. campestris pv. glycines. As a primary stage, thousands of cDNA clones were sequenced and EST data were analyzed. These clones are being spotted on glass slide to study the expression profiling. Results of this study may further broaden knowledge on plant-pathogen interactions.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.47-47
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• 2003

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been shown to suppress phytopthora blight. This suppression has been related to both microbial antagonism and induced resistance. The PGPR isolates were screened by dual culture plate method and most of the isolates were showed varyinglevels of antagonism. Among the PGPR isolates pyoverdin, pyochelin and salicylic acid producing strains showed the maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici and increased plant growth promotion in red pepper. PGPR isolatesfurther analysed for its ability to induce production of defence related enzymes and chemicals. The activities such as Phenyle alanin ammonia lyase (PAL), Peroxidase (PO), Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and accumulation of phenolics were observed in PGPR pretreated red pepper plants challenged with Phytophthora capsici. The present study shows that an addition of direct antagonism and plant growth promotion, induction of defense related enzymes involved to enhance resistance against invasion of P. capsici in red pepper.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.166-169
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• 2018

Repeated use of ACCase inhibiting herbicides for a long time has resulted in increases of resistant Echinochloa oryzicola populations in paddy fields in middle west area of Korea. This study aims to investigate current status of herbicide resistant E. oryzicola in Gyeongsangnam-do, in which there is less information about herbicide resistance. For resistance frequency and dose-response study, seeds from 100 individual plants of E. oryzicola in Gyeongsangnam-do were collected and tested with cyhalofop-butyl. Seven percent of plants from Gyeongsangnam-do was resistant at a recommended rate of cyhalofop-butyl. $GR_{50}$ values (herbicide rates required to reduce plant growth 50%) for one representative resistant populations and five susceptible populations were $738g\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$ and 66-234 (average 147)$g\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, indicating average 5 times difference in resistance. Although lower rate of frequency of herbicide resistance in Gyeongsangnam-do than in Jeollabuk-do, increases of herbicide resistance are expected in this area because of increases of direct seeded rice fields and increases of dependence on a specific herbicide. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor herbicide resistance regularly and conduct integrated herbicide resistance management in this area.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2005

The development of resistance to bifenazate (resistance ratio of egg=40.3 folds) was found in population of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, collected from rose greenhouses in Chilgok, Gyeongbuk Province in December 2000. This population was selected for 4 years with bifenazate treatment (over 150 times), and showed 248.8 folds increase in resistance as compared to susceptible (S) strain. Inheritance of bifenazate resistant strain (R) and cross resistance of this strain to 9 acaricides were investigated. There were differences of susceptibility in the bifenazate concentration-mortality relationships in F1 progenies obtained from reciprocal cross with the S and R strain $(R{\times}S,\;S{\times}R)$. Degrees of dominance were 0.48 and 0.94 in adult females and eggs of $R{\times}S$ and -0.85 and -0.17 in adult females and eggs of $S{\times}R$, respectively. Inheritance type in the F1 progeny of $R{\times}S$ was incomplete dominant, and F1 progeny of $S{\times}R$ was incomplete recessive. These results suggest that inheritance of bifenazate resistance is controlled by a complete dominance. The R strain exhibited cross resistance to acequinocyl and fenpyroximate in adult females, and amitraz, emamectin benzoate, fenpyroximate, milbemectin, pyridaben and spirodiclofen in eggs. However they showed negatively correlated cross-resistance to emamectin benzoate and milbemectin in adult females, and abamectin in eggs.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.632-640
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• 2019

Desalination plant ships have been recently regarded as one of the probable solutions for drought seasons in many countries. Because desalination plants should be mounted on the desalination ships and special purpose storages such as salty waste water tanks are necessary, onboard and compartment arrangements would be distinguished from those of other conventional commercial ships. This paper introduces some basic design procedure including resistance/propulsion and seakeeping performances. The ship lines were improved step by step after modification of the ship lines and verification of resistance/propulsion performances using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). After finalization of the ship lines, the seakeeping performance was also evaluated to check motion behaviors and drive wave-induced loads such as the wave shear force and bending moment. It was proved that the predicted long-term vertical wave shear force and bending moment were significantly less than the rule-based ones, thus it is expected that the deliverables of this study will reduce the construction cost of desalination plant ships.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.327-336
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• 2010

Cysteine proteases have been known as a critical factor in plant defense mechanisms in pineapple, papaya, or wild fig. Papain or ficin is one kind of cysteine proteases that shows toxic effects to herbivorous insects and pathogenic bacteria. However, resistance to bacterial soft rot of plants genetically engineered with cysteine protease has been little examined thus far. We cloned a cysteine protease cDNA from Ananas comosus and introduced the gene into Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The transgene was stably integrated and actively transcribed in transgenic plants. In comparisons with wild-type plants, the $T_2$ and $T_3$ transgenic plants exhibited a significant increase in endo-protease activity in leaves and enhanced resistance to bacterial soft rot. A cDNA microarray analysis revealed that several genes were more abundantly transcribed in the transgenic than in the wild type. These genes encode a glyoxal oxidase, PR-1 protein, PDF1, protein kinase, LTP protein, UBA protein and protease inhibitor. These results suggest an important role for cysteine protease as a signaling regulator in biotic stress signaling pathways, leading to the build-up of defense mechanism to pathogenic bacteria in plants.