• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2019

Decursin is a major biological active component of Angelica gigas Nakai and is known to induce apoptosis of metastatic prostatic cancer cells. Recently, other reports have been commissioned to examine the anticancer activities of this plant. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory activity and related mechanism of action of decursin against glioblastoma cell line. Decursin demonstrated cytotoxic effects on U87 and C6 glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner but not in primary glial cells. Additionally, decursin increased apoptotic bodies and phosphorylated JNK and p38 in U87 cells. Decursin also down-regulated Bcl-2 as well as cell cycle dependent proteins, CDK-4 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, decursin-induced apoptosis was dependent on the caspase activation in U87 cells. Taken together, our data provide the evidence that decursin induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, making it a potential candidate as a chemotherapeutic drug against brain tumor.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2019

Biodiversity refers to the total number and variation among species of flora and fauna of an area. Due to tremendous biotic especially anthropogenic pressure these natural resources are being vanishing. In present study genetic diversity among accessions of Thamnocalamus spathiflorus was evaluated. A total of 51 vegetative characters and 42 primers (10-mer) were screened. Out of 42 screened primers, 28 polymorphic primers were selected for further analysis. A total of 263 bands were recorded as polymorphic whereas 48 bands were monomorphic. The resolving power (Rp) of 28 Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers ranged from 4.6 (OPE08) to 17.6 (OPA11). The polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.21 (OPAH09) to 0.44 (OPG02). The result revealed high degree of genetic relatedness (56 to 80%). Cluster analysis revealed two major clusters both for morphology as well as RAPD. Unlike morphological characterization, the accession (D5) from Bahli, Rampur, Shimla (H.P.) was clustered separately from the others in RAPD cluster analysis. Accessions with closed locality grouped together through RAPD marker system however analogy was recorded for morphological traits. The study conducted reflects the utility of RAPD technique for species identification and phylogenetic studies in bamboo for conducting bamboo breeding program.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2019

Allergic asthma, is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airway presenting with airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodelling. T helper cells-derived cytokines are critically associated with asthma pathogenesis. Janus kinase-signal transduction and activation of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling is found to be involved in asthma. Magnolol is a plant-derived bioactive compound with several pharmacological effects. The study aimed to assess the effects of magnolol in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic model. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA. Magnolol (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg body weight) was administered to separate groups of animals. Dexamethasone was used as the positive control. Cellular infiltration into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were reduced on magnolol treatment. The levels of Th2 and Th17 cytokines were reduced with noticeably raised levels of interferon gamma. Lung function was improved effectively along with restoration of bronchial tissue architecture. OVA-specific immunoglobulin E levels in serum and BALF were decreased by magnolol. Magnolol reduced Th17 cell population and effectively modulated the JAK-STAT and Notch 1 signaling. The results suggest the promising use of magnolol in therapy for allergic asthma.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2022

In this study, extracts of Boswellia serrata gum resin, Curcuma longa rhizome, and Terminalia chebula fruit were combined in different ratios, and their anti-osteoarthritis effects were compared to determine which combination had the best synergistic effect. B. serrata, C. longa, and T. chebula extracts in a 2:1:2 ratio exhibited higher antioxidative activity in scavenging DPPH radicals than did the individual extracts alone or the other extract combinations. Additionally, the 2:1:2 combination significantly improved the levels of enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant-related proteins. Moreover, this same combination ratio decreased the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3 and MMP13 in interleukin-1β-stimulated human articular chondrocytes (HCHs) and increased those of aggrecan and collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1). Analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that the 2:1:2 combination significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Therefore, the 2:1:2 combination of these three plant extracts has the best potential for use as an effective dietary supplement for improving joint health compared with the individual extracts and their other combination ratios.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

As oil palm trees are an important economic source in many countries, particularly in Southeast Asia and Africa, the study of Ganoderma boninense is crucial for the sustainability of the oil palm industry. This study aims to understand the biology and ecology of the fungus, its pathogenesis, and the impact it has on oil palm trees. This knowledge can be used to develop management strategies to mitigate the damage caused by the fungus, such as the use of resistant varieties, chemical and biological control methods, and cultural practices. This study is to ensure the long-term productivity and sustainability of the oil palm industry. The main method of recent academic studies on this pathogen is molecular biology, with a focus on genetic analysis and functional genomics. Researchers have used techniques such as PCR, DNA sequencing, and transcriptomics to identify genes and pathways involved in pathogenesis and better understand the fungus's interactions with its host plant. Other methods used in recent studies include biochemical analysis, microscopy, and phytohormonal assays to investigate the biochemistry and physiology of the interaction between G. boninense and oil palm. This study is intended to provide implications from a new perspective by organizing and integrating studies on Ganoderma boninense.

• 미생물과산업
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1993

Chenges in respiration of the soils collected from the reclaimed tidal soil in Chogi-ri, Kanghwa Island and treated with organic matters are presented. The measurement of the respiration for the smaples, which were incubated for 0,2,4 and 5 weeks, were carried out by using Warburg's respirometer. While the respirations of the samples added by organic matters were increased 6.7 - 28.0 times compared with that 0 week during the incubation in case of 5-year soil, the respiration in case of 3-year soil were increased 3.3-11.8 times. Thus, the effect of adding organic matters on the respiration of the experimented soils, as this indicates, was much higher for the soil of 5-year area than that of 30-year area. And for the organic matters Salicornia was most effective and then Suaeda and Oryzae. The samples treated with Salicornia and Suaeda showed their highest respiration rate at the 4th week, but the one with Oryzae was measured to increase progressively during 5 weeks experimented. Regarding the salinity, content of organic matters and number of bacteria, in each intact soil experimented, 5-year soil samples had much poor habitat then 30-year soil for the activity of soil microorganisms, but according to the result mentioned above, it is firmly believed that the addition of organic matters on the saline soil is one of the best means to change the reclaimed tidal land into arable land with less time duration.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2005

Lonicerae Flos has antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, pneumococci, Bacillus dysenterii, Salmonella typhi, and paratyphoid. It is an antiviral agent. The herb has a cytoprotective effect against $CCl_{4}-induced$ hepatic injury. It has antilipemic action, interfering with lipid absorption from the gut. Nowadays this herb is used mainly in the treatment of upper respiratory infections, such as tonsillitis and acute laryngitis. It is also used in the treatment of skin suppurations, such as carbuncles, and to treat viral conjunctivitis, influenza, pneumonia, and mastitis. Lonicerae Flos is dried flower buds of Lonicera japonica, L. hypoglauca, L. confusa, or L. dasystyla. But, for the most part, we use whole plant of Lonicera japonica, as a flower bud of it. And, little is known of the original copy of effects of whole plant, except for the 'Bon-Cho-Gang-Mok', which is written the effects of flower of Lonicera japonica are equal to effects of leaves and branch of it. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of flower and whole plant of Lonicera japonica on the regulatory mechanism of cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) for the immunological activities in Raw 264.7 cells. In Raw 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic inflammation, flower and whole plant of Lonicera japonica water extracts inhibited nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner and abrogated iNOS and COX-2. Flower and whole plant of Lonicera japonica water extract did not affect on cell viability. To investigate the mechanism by which flower and whole plant of Lonicera japonica water extract inhibits iNOS and COX-2 gene expression, we examined the on phosphorylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and assessed production of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $interleukin-1{\beta}$ $(IL-1{\beta})$ and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results provided evidence that flower and whole plant of Lonicera japonica inhibited the production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and activated the phosphorylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ in Raw 264.7 cells activated with LPS. These findings suggest that flower and whole plant of Lonicera japonica can produce anti-inflammatory effect, which may play a role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections, respectively.

• 식물병연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2019

지난 2014년에 전남의 나주, 해남, 영암, 고흥, 장흥 등과, 경남의 밀양, 진주, 고성 등에서 이삭도열병이 심하게 발생하여 벼의 재배면적 대비 발생면적 비율이 전남은 11.0%, 경남은 14.6%에 달하였다. 본 연구에서는 남부지방의 주된 발생지역들에 대하여 2014년 8월의 기상 환경, 품종별 재배 면적 차이, 식물체 질소함량에 따른 이삭도열병 발생 정도에 대하여 분석함으로써, 2014년 남부지방 이삭도열병 대발생의 원인을 구명하였다. 2014년에 각 시도 안에서 10,000 ha 이상 재배된 품종으로는 새누리, 일미벼, 황금누리, 운광, 동진1호, 남평벼 등이 있었다. 2014년의 8월 한 달 동안의 평균기온은 해남과 밀양에서 2018년보다 각각 3.2℃, 3.1℃ 낮고 평년보다 1.5℃, 1.3℃ 낮았다. 강수량은 해남과 밀양에서 2018년보다 각각 70.0%, 42.0% 많고 평년보다 40.1%, 125.7% 많았다. 도열병 감염 위험 예측모형에 의한 8월의 감염 경보 발생일수는 2014년이 2018년보다 많았고, 2014년은 전국적으로 발생일수가 많았다. 식물체의 질소함량은 병 발생이 심한 포장(병든이삭률 60% 이상)이 적은 포장(10% 이하)보다 유의하게 높았다. 결론적으로, 2014년에 특정 지역에서 이삭도열병이 대발생한 것은 감수성 품종이 재배되고 저온과 잦은 강우도 있었지만, 특히 질소질 비료가 다량으로 시용된 점이 특정 필지를 중심으로 다 발생하게 한 주요 원인이었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2014

The fruit of Gleditsia sinensis has been extensively used as a key ingredient of an herbal remedy for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases in traditional Korean Medicine. However, the reason of using the fruit of G. sinensis for the remedy is unclear. Since Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a key anti-inflammatory transcription factor, which is activated by the fruit of G. sinesis, we examined whether other plant parts of G. sinensis are also capable of suppressing inflammatory responses by activating Nrf2. Water extracts of various parts of G. sinensis were prepared and tested for Nrf2 activation by reporter assay and western blot analysis. Our results show that the hull of G. sinensis is the most potent in activating Nrf2. Sequential organic solvent extraction of the hull show that all the fractions had a higher potency in activating Nrf2 than the water extract, albeit differential degrees. The hull originated from Korea in general activated Nrf2 strongly compared to that of China. Chloroform fraction of the hull was further examined, showing that the fraction induced nuclear localization of Nrf2, indicative of activated Nrf2, and Nrf2-dependent gene expression including NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and heme oxygenase - 1 (HO-1). Therefore, our results show that, among other plant parts examined in this study, the hull of G. sinensis is the most potent, providing the experimental basis for the use of the hull of G. sinensis as an active ingredient for an anti-inflammatory remedy.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.222-226
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• 2016

본 연구는 토양 염농도의 변이가 큰 간척지에서 염생식물 나문재의 안정적인 재배와 생산을 위한 연구의 하나로, 나문재 종자의 발아특성과 초기생육특성을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 나문재 종자는 무배유 쌍자엽 구조를 가지며 별 모양의 황색 화피에 싸여 있다. 종자크기는 길이가 4.7 mm, 너비가 4.4 mm, 그리고 두께가 3.1 mm이며, 천립중은 1.58 g이다. 종자의 발아는 $5{\sim}40^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 8~65%의 변이를 보이며, $15^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았다. 염농도에 따른 발아율은 증류수에서 발아율이 가장 높았으며 염농도가 증가할수록 발아율이 감소하였다. 종자에서 화피를 제거했을 때의 발아율은 온도나 염농도에 관계 없이 모든 처리에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 종자발아에서 광의 영향을 보면, 0~300 mM의 염농도 범위에서 광조건이 암조건보다 5~20% 정도 발아율이 높게 나타났다. 한편, 염농도 따른 나문재의 초기생장을 초장, 경수, 생체중, 건물중, 근장 등으로 조사한 결과, 모든 특성들이 50~100 mM의 염농도에서 양호하였고, 증류수나 높은 농도의 염수에서는 생장이 크게 감소되었다. 결론적으로, 나문재의 발아율을 높이기 위해서는 화피를 제거한 종자를 증류수에 침종하여 $15^{\circ}C$ 정도의 저온과 광 조건에서 발아시키는 것이 유리하며, 식물체의 생장은 50~100 mM의 염농도 하에서 재배하는 것이 유리하다.