• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.4 s.135
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• pp.303-307
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• 2003

For the purpose of searching for the new antifungal agent from the plant origin, we have examined twenty seven species of medicinal plants for the antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale. The whole MeOH extract of each plant material and the n-hexane and EtOAc fractions were evaluated individually for the antifungal activity. Among the test materials, the fractions from the root bark of Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Zanthoxylum piperitum and Citrus unshiu showed significant antifungal activities in a dose dependent manner against Pityrosporum ovale and Candida albicans, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 1972

Young haploid leaf derived from the anthers of tobacco plant was cultuerd and plantlets of various ploidies were obtained. When the leaf was put on the medium supplemented with kinetin as growth regulator, plantlets developed directly from the leaf, and the plants coming out in early stage of culture were all haploid. Plants developing in later stage were mostly haploids with some exception of diploid and aneuploid. Leaves were also cultured on the callus-inducing media supplemented with 2,4-D and kinetiion, and the calluses were sub-cultured for six months. Plants developed from these calluses were mostly aneuploids of various chromosome numbers. In view of the fact that the plants directly developed from the leaf were all haploid, the tissue of the original leaf explant was assumed to be uniform as far as chromosome number was concerned. On the other hand, it seemed that the occurrence of various ploidies in the plants derived from the calluses of same origin was the result of the influence of in vitro culture. Apical meristem tissues and various multicellular bodies were formed in the epidermal and inner mesophyll tissues as well as in the sub-epidermal cells.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.8-16
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the linguistic origin of the species manes of landscape plants in order to help students understand the physical characteristics of the plants through the botanical names. This study includes the plants that are possible to use as landscape material as well as both the native and foreign plants that are already used. Name of Species of Scientific name in Landscape plant be derived from region or nations of habitat, botanist, plant explors, and their sponser, and plant form and number of leaves or flowers, character or ingredient of plants and shape of stem, tree crown form. In this paper, about 300 species(contains varieties, formas) are interpreted into etymological meanings.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.76-78
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• 2021

Cnidium officinale is a perennial herb belonging to the family Umbelliferae. Its origin is China and is also distributed in Korea and Japan. In 2017, a phenomenon of browning and wilting of leaves was discovered in the cultivation field of the National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Korea. The pathogens isolated from plants were consistent with Fusarium solani as a result of morphological examination and molecular phylogenetic analysis. This is the first record of F. solani on C. officinale in Korea.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 2017

Background: Red-skin root disease has seriously decreased the quality and production of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Methods: To explore the disease's origin, comparative analysis was performed in different parts of the plant, particularly the epidermis, cortex, and/or fibrous roots of 5-yr-old healthy and diseased red-skin ginseng. The inorganic element composition, phenolic compound concentration, reactive oxidation system, antioxidant concentrations such as ascorbate and glutathione, activities of enzymes related to phenolic metabolism and oxidation, and antioxidative system particularly the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were examined using conventional methods. Results: Aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium, and phosphorus were increased, whereas manganese was unchanged and calcium was decreased in the epidermis and fibrous root of red-skin ginseng, which also contained higher levels of phenolic compounds, higher activities of the phenolic compound-synthesizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the phenolic compound oxidation-related enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. As the substrate of guaiacol peroxidase, higher levels of $H_2O_2$ and correspondingly higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were found in red-skin ginseng. Increased levels of ascorbate and glutathione; increased activities of $\text\tiny L$-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione reductase; and lower activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were found in red-skin ginseng. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained constant. Conclusion: Hence, higher element accumulation, particularly Al and Fe, activated multiple enzymes related to accumulation of phenolic compounds and their oxidation. This might contribute to red-skin symptoms in ginseng. It is proposed that antioxidant and antioxidative enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycles, are activated to protect against phenolic compound oxidation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.99-114
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• 2005

Chromosome number, morphological variation and RAPD analysis were investigated to study on the speciation of Indigofera in Korea. Chromosome numbers of I. kirilowii (2n=16) and I. koreana (2n=32) are consistent with the previous reports. In this study tetraploid (2n=32) and hexaploid (2n=48) of I. grandiflora are newly observed. Indigofera grandiflora is distributed around Mt. Kaya area together with I. kirilowii and I. koreana. The former species has the larger sizes in plant height, leaves and flowers than the latter two and shows intermediate form between the two species in hairs on leaves and flowers which are one of the most important taxonomic characters in this group. In the RAPD analysis, I. grandiflora is similar to I. koreana than I. kirilowii but RAPD band patterns revealed difference between tetra- and hexaploid of the species. These results suggested that Korean endemic species of I. grandiflora (2n=16, 32, 48) might has multiple origin through polyploidization and/or hybridization between I. kirilowii (2n=16) and I. koreana (2n=32) around Mt. Kaya area where the latter two grow together.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 1997

The embryogenic callus (EC), from which somatic embryos could be induced, was compared with nonembryogenic callus(NE) to study the origin and features of totipotent cell in water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC). To induce and maintain of EC and the NE, meristematic stem and immature floret were inoculated in MS media supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D, and with 2.5 mg/L NAA and 5mg/L BA, respectively, The EC was not induced from the NE even after subculturing in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D. Plantlets were not regenerated from the NE in hormone-free medium. In histochemical comparison of the EC with the NE by light microscopy, the EC had smaller cells in size, dense cytoplasm, and more starch granules of cells compared to the NE cells. The cell from the EC, as observed by transmission electron microscopy, had smaller vaculoes, well developed ribosomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the cells from the NE had larger vacuoles and underdeveloped organelles. In protein pattern from NE, EC and Somatic embryo (SE), as analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, different proteins specific for tissue were observed: 17 and 28 KD for NE, 50, 52, 57, 66, 68 KD for EC and 20 KD for SE. DNA polymorphism was also observed between EC and NE as analyzed by RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) method. The origin of totipotent stem cell and the relationship between irreversible genomic change arose in differentiation and the loss of totipotency in plant were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2019

The purported four hybrid origins of Asplenium in Korea were tested based on morphological, cytological and DNA sequence data. Asplenium castaneo-viride, A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse, A. ${\times}$ montanus, and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae share several morphological characteristics with the Asian walking fern A. ruprechtii and related taxa as parents and show a sympatric distribution with the putative parents, raising the possibility of hybrid origins: A. castaneo-viride (A. ruprechtii and A. incisum), A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse (A. ruprechtii and A. pekinense), A. ${\times}$ montanus (A. ruprechtii, A. trichomanes, and A. incisum), and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae (A. ruprechtii and A. sarelii). We investigated flow cytometry and chloroplast DNA sequence data (rbcL, rps4-trnS, and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer) to clarify the hybridization and origin of each hybrid. In the flow cytometry analyses, A. ruprechtii shows diploid (2x) only, whereas A. castaneo-viride (3x, 4x), A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse (3x), A. ${\times}$ montanus (3x, 4x), and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae (2x, 4x) exhibit polyploidy, suggesting hybrid events along speciation. The rbcL and rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data suggest that A. ruprechtii is one the maternal ancestors of all four hybrids. In addition, the rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data indicate that A. incisum is also the maternal ancestor of A. ${\times}$ kitazawae and A. ${\times}$ montanus, proposing multiple hybridization events for these two hybrids. In A. ${\times}$ montanus, morphological features such as the leaf forms and sympatric distributions of the species also support the multimaternal hypothesis, but the morphological features of A. ${\times}$ kitazawae must be examined with consideration of hybrid events. To clarify the complex hybrid evolutionary lineages of the four Asplenium hybrids, further research with taxon sampling and molecular markers should be conducted.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.223-227
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• 2021

Several hypotheses for the origin of cultivated sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)] have been suggested but the exact progenitor is still unknown. Based on the results of RFLP patterns, microsatellite markers, SNP markers, FISH analyses, and genome analyses of haplotypes, wild species belonging to batatas group, I. trifida, I. leucantha, I. littoralis, I. tabascana, I. tenuissima, I. tiliacea, and I. triloba have been suggested as a progenitor. However, recently, advanced genomic technologies and characterization of the inserted T-DNA fragments of Agrobacterium in the genome of cultivated sweetpotato and wild species through horizontal gene transfer suggest that there may be an older progenitor than the wild species suggested so far.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.605-607
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• 1998

A total of 28 traditional drinks derived from 23 plant species in 19 families were tested for their in vitro growth-inhibiting effects against Bifidobacterium adolescents, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Clostridium perfringens, and Escherichia coil using a paper disc agar diffusion method under anaerobic condition. The responses varied with bacterial strain, plant species and tissue sampled. In a test with C. perfringens at 5 and 10 mg/disc, potent growth inhibition was produced from the extracts of Eucommia ulmoides stems, Pinus densiflora leaves and shoots, Thea sinensis leaves (green and oolong teas) and Zingiber officinale roots. All materials tested did not adversely affect the growth of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and E. coli. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological activities of these plant-derived drinks.