• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.449-454
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• 2010

The glycosylation of glycoproteins from mammalian or plants can affect their efficacy, stability, solubility, and half-life. In the present study, we investigated plant glycosylation and their relative intensity (%) in a plant carbohydratebinding protein with the hemagglutination and antiproliferative activities. The hemagglutination activity on the deglycosylated protein was decreased as a 16-fold than that of intact glycoprotein. Using the HPLC with fluorescence detector and mass spectrometer, the major eight bi- or triantennary oligosaccharides containing xylose, fucose, mannose, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine were identified and structurally characterized. The present results indicate that the oligosaccharides on this plant glycoprotein is necessary for their own property.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.313-318
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• 1999

Cloning of the 5'untranslated region (5' UTR) and Nterminus of the glycoprotein precursor (G2G1) open reading frame of tomato spotted wilt virus has been problematic, possibly because of the toxicity of a signal peptide at the beginning of th G2G1 protein precursor. The toxicity of the signal peptide to bacterial growth and the reason for the expression of the peptide gene in Escherichia coli were investigated by cloning the 5' UTR and the signal peptide sequence separately. Cells transformed with the plasmid containing both the first 30 amino acids of the glycoprotein and the 5' UTR showed a severe growth inhibition whereas transformants harboring either the plasmid with the signal sequence or the 5'UTR alone did not show any ingibition. An E. coli promoter-like sequence was found in the 5'UTR and tis promoter acivity was confirmed with a promoter-less GUS gene cloned downstream of the 5'UTR. In the cloning of the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) glycoprotein G2G1 open reading frame all the recovered plasmids contained stop codons in the signal sequence region. However, clones containing no stop codon were recovered when the signal sequence and the 5'UTR were cloned separately.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.22.1-22.9
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• 2020

Rabid raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) have been responsible for animal rabies in South Korea since the 1990s. A recombinant rabies vaccine strain, designated as ERAGS, was constructed for use as a bait vaccine. Therefore, new means of differentiating ERAGS from other rabies virus (RABV) strains will be required in biological manufacturing and diagnostic service centers. In this study, we designed two specific primer sets for differentiation between ERAGS and other RABVs based on mutation in the RABV glycoprotein gene. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the glycoprotein gene revealed two DNA bands of 383 bp and 583 bp in the ERAGS strain but a single DNA band of 383 bp in the field strains. The detection limits of multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were 80 and 8 FAID₅₀/reaction for the ERAGS and Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth strains, respectively. No cross-reactions were detected in the non-RABV reference viruses, including canine distemper virus, parvovirus, canine adenovirus type 1 and 2, and parainfluenza virus. The results of multiplex RT-PCR were 100% consistent with those of the fluorescent antibody test. Therefore, one-step multiplex RT-PCR is likely useful for differentiation between RABVs with and those without mutation at position 333 of the RABV glycoprotein gene.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.494-503
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• 2008

Many therapeutic glycoproteins have been successfully generated in plants. Plants have advantages regarding practical and economic concerns, and safety of protein production over other existing systems. However, plants are not ideal expression systems for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins, due to the fact that they are incapable of the authentic human N-glycosylation process. The majority of therapeutic proteins are glycoproteins which harbor N-glycans, which are often essential for their stability, folding, and biological activity. Thus, several glyco-engineering strategies have emerged for the tailor-making of N-glycosylation in plants, including glycoprotein subcellular targeting, the inhibition of plant specific glycosyltranferases, or the addition of human specific glycosyltransferases. This article focuses on plant N-glycosylation structure, glycosylation variation in plant cell, plant expression system of glycoproteins, and impact of glycosylation on immunological function. Furthermore, plant glyco-engineering techniques currently being developed to overcome the limitations of plant expression systems in the production of therapeutic glycoproteins will be discussed in this review.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1993

Self-incompatibility in Brassica campestris is controlled by multi-allele system in a single genetic locus, the S locus, and it is elucidated that S-glycoproteins are S gene products. In this experiments, we examined the genetic mode(pollen tube behavior and segregation of S-glycoprotein), characteristic of S-glycoproteins and DNA constitution within nuclear genome on S gene family that unexplained by single locus model, and investigated the segregation pattern of S-glycoproteins in bred F1 generation. By diallel cross among the 15 plants within one family the existence of three types of homozygotes and three types of heterozygotes were observed, and segregation of S-allele could not explained by single locus model. From the results of IEF-immunoblot analysis for non-segregated individual plant, the segregation pattern of S specific bands was corresponded with results of diallel cross except with one case(SaSa genotype). The molecular weight of 6 different S-genotype varied in near by 50 kD, and each genotype expressed with 2 or 3 bands. Specific bands in SaSa, SbSb, ScSc has almost similar molecular weight between them. Southern analysis of genomic DNA probed with S-glycoprotein cDNA for 6 different genotypes revealed that there are clear difference in polymorphism, multiple bands of hybridization, when restriction enzymes of EcoR I were used. It could be assumed that there are several sequences related to the S-glycoprotein structural genes within their nuclear genome. Therefore, we suggested the possibilities that S-allele system could be controlled by multi-locus, that dominance-recessive interactions could be explained by modifier gene or supressor gene based on the results of abnormal segregation of S-glycoprotein in bred F1. The F2 analyses are progressing in now.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.141-144
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• 2015

An equine herpesvirus-4 (EHV-4) was isolated in nasal swabs collected in a horse showing respiratory clinical signs. Equine dermis cells inoculated with the sample were observed with characteristic viral cytopathic effects after 3 days of postinoculation and the infected cells exhibited bright intracelluar fluorescence by indirect immunofluorescence assay. At the nucleotide level, the partial glycoprotein B gene of the Korean EHV-4 isolate (K001) had 99.9% identity to 1942 strain (GenBank No. M26171). To author's knowledge, the report describes the first isolation and partial characterization of EHV-4 in Korea. The virus can be used for further study of EHV-4.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.735-739
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• 2014

Ephedra sinica Stapf, known as a medicinal plant, inhibited not only syncytium formation, but also trafficking of viral glycoprotein, hemagglutinin-neuramidase (HN) to the cell-surface. Trafficking of viral glycoprotein to the surface of infected-cells results in syncytium formation in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Viral glycoprotein in the infected-cell is processed within the endoplasmic reticulum during routing into surface. The processing of viral glycoprotein like a N-linked oligosaccharide trimming by ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in cell is necessary for virus infection. Methanol extracts showed inhibitory activities ($IC_{50}$ $15{\mu}g/mL$) against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. This suggested that E. sinica extracts inhibited the cell-surface expression of NDV-HN glycoprotein without significantly affecting HN glycoprotein synthesis in NDV-infected BHK cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.237-237
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• 2018

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.253-275
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• 1994

Many flowering plants possess genetically controlled self -incompatibility (SI) system that prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrosses. SI is usually controlled by a single, multiallelic S-locus. In gametophytically controlled system, SI results when the S-allele of the pollen is matched by one of the two S-alleles in the style, while in the sporophytic system self-incompatible reaction occurs by the interaction between the pistil genotype and genotype of, not the pollen, but the pollen parent In the former system the self-incompatible phenotype of pollen is determined by the haploid genome of the pollen itself but in the latter the pollen phenotype is governed by the genotype of the pollen parent along with the occurrence of either to-dominant or dominant/recessive allelic interactions. In the sporophytic type the inhibition reaction occurs within minutes following pollen-stigma contact, the incompatible pollen grains usually failing to germinate, whereas in gametophytic system pollen tube inhibition takes place during growth in the transmitting tissue of the style. Recognition and rejection of self pollen are the result of interaction between the S-locus protein in the pistil and the pollen protein. In the gametophytic SI the S-associated glycoprotein which is similar to the fungal ribonuclease in structure and function are localized at the intercellular matrix in the transmitting tissue of the style, with the highest concentration in the collar of the stigma, while in the sporophytic SI deposit of abundant S-locus specific glycoprotein (SLSG).is detected in the cell wall of stigmatic papillae of the open flowers. In the gametophytic system S-gene is expressed mostly at the stigmatic collar the upper third of the style length and in the pollen after meiosis. On the other hand, in the sporophytic SI S-glycoprotein gene is expressed in the papillar cells of the stigma as well as in e sporophytic tape is cells of anther wall. Recognition and rejection of self pollen in the gametophytic type is the reaction between the ribonuclease in the transmitting tissue of the style and the protein in the cytoplasm of pollen tube, whereas in the sporophytic system the inhibition of selfed pollen is caused by the interaction between the Sycoprotein in the wall of stigmatic papillar cell and the tapetum-origin protein deposited on the outer wall of the pollen grain. The claim that the S-allele-associated proteins are involved in recognition and rejection of self pollen has been made merely based on indirect evidence. Recently it has been verified that inhibition of synthesis of S$_3$ protein in Petunia inflata plants of S$_2$S$_3$ genotype by the antisense S$_3$ gene resulted in failure of the transgenic plant to reject S$_3$ pollen and that expression of the transgenic encoding S$_3$ protein in the S$_1$S$_2$ genotype confers on the transgenic plant the ability to reject S$_3$ pollen. These finding Provide direct evidence that S-proteins control the s elf-incompatibility behavior of the pistil.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.379-382
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• 2018

Trafficking process of viral glycoprotein to cell surface results in the syncytium formation when baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells was infected by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Rhus chinensis gall, well-known as a medicinal plant, inhibited not only syncytium formation, but also trafficking of glycoprotein, hemagglutinin-neuramidase (HN) to the cell-surface. Modification of viral glycoprotein is processed within the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi body during trafficking into surface. R. chinensis gall extracts showed the strong inhibitory activities ($IC_{50}$ $12.5{\mu}g/mL$) against ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, when compared with the ${\beta}-glucosidase$. And this inhibitory activities is increased by the samples in a dose-depedent pattern. These data showed that the extracts of R. chinensis gall inhibited the cell-surface expression of NDV-hemagglutinin-neuramidase glycoprotein without significantly affecting HN glycoprotein synthesis in NDV-infected BHK cells.