• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

Green areas and the area of available horizontal surfaces are gradually decreasing due to the overcrowding of buildings. It is adversely affecting the urban climate and ecosystem. However, the recognition of the importance of green areas is gradually increasing. As a result, the importance of wall greening using vertical surfaces is growing. However, despite the fact that domestic wall greening guidelines and institutions related to orientations restrict planting. there was no study to determine whether there were actual differences in plant growth due to orientations. Therefore, this study compared and analyzed the plant growth characteristics by orientations to apply actual wall greening to cities. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2020. First of all, three octave walls were constructed to measure the temperature, the illumination, and the length of the plants once a week. The plants included Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Hedera rhombea, and Euonymus radicans cv. Aueonmarinata Rehd plants. As a result of the study, Parthenocissus tricuspidata was prolific in the north, and Hedera rhombea, and Euonymus radicans cv. Aueonmarinata Rehd plants were prolific in the south. All three types of plants were prolific in June-July, and the Parthenocissus tricuspidata was prolific in grass-growing, and in August, all the walls were 100% covered. Hedera rhombea had the lowest rate of herbaceous growth, and the vertical coverate was also lower at an average of 45%, but among the three plants, the sheath of the horizontal surface coverate was the highest. Euonymus radicans cv. Aueonmarinata Rehd was low in the speed of herbaceous growth, and finally, the walls were 100% covered except for the north and northwest directions. It was found that not all plants used for wall greening show the same growth, and the difference in growth varies more depending on plants than the effect of orientations. Therefore, it is better to identify the characteristics of plant growth and plant suitable plants for each directions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 1993

With a purpose of finding out the effects of phosphatic fertilizer application at the grassland establishment and management on the dry matter yield and quality of grasses, a field experiment was arranged with four treatments as a randomized complcte block design and lasted from September, 19 89 to October, 1991 in hilly area near Suwon. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. As a early plant growth. winter hardiness. growth vigour and coverage of grasses of the plots with phosphatic fertilizer were better than those of the plots without $P_2O_5$. and the effect of application at the management was much better than that at the establishment of grassland. 2. The effect of phosphatic fertilizer on DM yield of legume was higher than of grass. Total DM yield with phosphatic fertilizer at the only establishment (5.688 kg/ha). at the only management (8.014 kg/ha) and at both the establishment and management of grassland (1 1,082 kg/ha) was much more increased by 38, 95 and 169% than that without phosphatic fertilizer (4.1 19 kg/ha), respectively. 3. The chemical component of crude protein and crude fat with phosphatic fertilizer was a little higher, on the other hand, content of NFE was lower than that without $P_2O_5$ fertilization, but the contents of crude fiber and crude ash did not tend to differentiate between treatments. 4. Production of encrgy(TDN, StE and NEL) with phosphatic fertilization at the establishment and the management of grassland was appeared to increase by 34 to 390h and 72 to 99% than that without $P_2O_5$, respectively. Production of curde protein with $P_2O_5$ tended to be similar to production of energy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2012

Typically, a wedge is involved to generate effectively high inspection angle in pipe weld inspection using phased array ultrasonic technique. But the usage of this wedge for weld or access limited area can cause coverage limitation for the examination volume because of the wedge front length. Therefore, the shear wave phased array probe which can generate high inspection angle without wedge is essentially necessary. In this paper, the shear wave phased array ultrasonic probe which can generate high inspection angle designed by modeling and manufactured from the modelling result. And this shear wave probe tested whether it can detect and sizing for EDM test block that contains various depth. As results, the experimental results show that the designed shear wave phased array probe can detect and size with reliable accuracy. Therefore if this phased array probe apply in field inspection, it is expected that it show more reliable inspection result for plant structure having access limitation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.141-153
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• 2004

Wetland system is widely accepted as one of natural water purification systems around the world for nonpoint sources pollution control. Constructed wetlands have become a popular technology for treating contaminated surface and waste water. In this study, the field experiment to reduce nonpoint source pollution loadings from polluted stream waters using wetland system was performed from June 2002 to March 2004. Four wetlands were used and the size of each one was 0.8ha. Water of Dangjin stream flowing into Seokmun estuarine reservoir was pumped into wetlands. Inflow and hydraulic residence time of the system was 500 $m^3$/day∼1,500 $m^3$/day, 2∼5 days, respectively. After 2 year operation, plant-coverage of the wetlauds was about 70% from bare soil surface at initial stage . Average water quality of the influent was $BOD_5$ 4.17 mg/L, TSS 18.45 mg/L, T-N 4.32 mg/L, and T-P 0.30 mg/L. The average removal rate of $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N and T-P during the study period was 5.6%, 46.6%, 45.7%, and 54.8%, respectively. Organic ($BOD_5$) removal rate was low and the reason might be low influent concentration. Wetland removal rate of T-P was about 10% higher than T-N. Performance of the experimental system was compared with existing data base (NADB), and it was within the range of general system performance. Overall, the wetland system was found to be adequate for treating polluted water stream with stable removal efficiency even during the winter period. Most of the nonpoint source pollutions from watershed are transported by streams or ditches, and they could be controled by constructed wetland system before entering the lake or reservoir.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.240-247
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• 2014

This study was conducted as a restoration research in a mountain stream of hydrologic cycle system, which is a type of microsites purposely changing vegetation. The status of vegetation in the three experimental sites, water purification site, small dammed pole site, and aquatic plant restoration site, and one control site within the area of the mountain forest stream were investigated in three different periods, namely before sites restoration, year of sites restoration, and year after sites restoration. After one year of restoration, number of vegetation was increased in the small dammed pool and control site respectively. Vegetation coverage ratio of Zizania latifolia was increased at the water purification area. The effects of habitats restoration appeared to be good a year after the restoration of the experimental sites, in terms of families and species composition of the introduced vegetation, and stream flow. Therefore, the results of the study strongly suggest that fairly effective ways to restore and reproduce degrading mountain hydroecological habitats are by way of forming pool sites and small dams in intermittent mountain streams and re-vegetating with selected plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.536-542
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• 2011

Dissimilar metal welds in nuclear power plant are known as very susceptible to PWSCC flaws, and periodically inspected by the qualified inspector and qualified procedure during in-service inspection period. According to field survey data, the majority of their DMWs are located on tapered nozzle or adjacent to a tapered component. These types of configurations restrict examination access and also limit examination volume coverage. Additionally, circumferential scan for axially oriented flaw is very difficult to detect located on tapered surface because the transducer can't receive flaw response from reflector for miss-orientation. To overcome this miss-orientation, it is necessary adapt skewed ultrasonic transducer accomodate tapered surface. The skewed refracted longitudinal ultrasonic transducer designed by modeling and manufactured from the modelling result for axial flaw detection. Experimental results showed that the skewed refracted longitudinal ultrasonic transducer get higher flaw response than non-skewed refracted longitudinal ultrasonic transducer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.19-24
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• 2001

14 kinds of perennial flower sods, including 10 Korean native wild perennial flowers such as Lychnis cognata, Achillea sibirica, Sedum spectabile, Sedum takesimense etc. were made with basal sheets of nonwoven fabric or jute fabric. Growth of plants planted on bark was better than that of planted on soil of open area. The plants planted on bark also showed difference in growth rate by the kinds of used basal sheets. In general, the growth of plants was good when nonwoven fabric was used as basal sheet instead of jute fabric. When jute fabric was used as basal sheet, It was severely decayed during growth period resulting in great decreasing of root sticking capacity to basal sheet. It was shown that the procumbent plants such as Tymus quinquecostatus, Ixeris stolonifera, Sedum oryzifolium, Sedum polystichoides having lower plant height and better ground coverage ability compared with upright plants such as Sedum spectabile and Aster glehni were more suitable for floral sod production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1276-1284
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• 2014

In southeastern regions of the US, herbage systems are primarily based on grazing or hay feeding with low nutritive value warm-season perennial grasses. Nutritious herbage such as annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) may be more suitable for preserving as baleage for winter feeding even with more intensive production inputs. Emerging in-line wrapped baleage storage systems featuring rapid wrapping and low polyethylene film requirements need to be tested for consistency of storing nutritive value of a range of annual ryegrass herbage. A ryegrass storage trial was conducted with 24-h wilted 'Marshall' annual ryegrass harvested at booting, heading and anthesis stages using three replicated in-line wrapped tubes containing ten round bales per tube. After a six-month storage period, nutritive value changes and fermentation end products differed significantly by harvest stage but not by bale location. Although wilted annual ryegrass exhibited a restricted fermentation across harvest stages characterized by high pH and low fermentation end product concentrations, butyric acid concentrations were less than 1 g/kg dry matter, and lactic acid was the major organic acid in the bales. Mold coverage and bale aroma did not differ substantially with harvest stage or bale location. Booting and heading stage-harvested ryegrass baleage were superior in nutritive value to anthesis stage-harvested herbage. Based on the investigated nutritive value and fermentation characteristics, individual bale location within in-line tubes did not significantly affect preservation quality of ryegrass round bale silages.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2017

This study is a basic research with the aim of developing the method of judging the leakage zone by grasping the habitat characteristic of agricultural reservoir slope in inhabiting characteristics appear differently according to natural inhabiting environment. To this end, this study is intending to investigate slope vegetation using a quadrat technique at Sinheung reservoir located at Gwangsi-myeon, Yesan-gun, Chungnam, and to perform the analysis of importance value using relative frequency and relative coverage, etc. Also, this study intended to present the necessity of having to consider the eco-system of the relevant region in time of a reservoir slope afforestation for the time to come by suggesting that the reservoir slope vegetation after a stable period becomes similar to the regional vegetation by comparing this study result with the existing research which carried out the analysis of importance value of forest vegetation for Yesan Region. The reservoir slope vegetation is similar to the indicator species which appear in the regional forest vegetation, so there was a need to select afforestation species in the light of this in time of slope afforestation. As a result of the analysis of the importance value, this study grasped that there was an emergence characteristic similar to the vegetation at a birthplace of a forest fires because growth and development of forest trees, and perennial plants were restricted by annually implemented brush-cutting work, etc.; however, indigo plant and bush clover, etc. were found to show the characteristic differing from this. Consequently, this study was able to confirm that there is the necessity of having to create the Importance Value Table suited for reservoir slopes by region through a lot more data construction in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.764-773
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• 2004

The soil in wildfire area Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, Gangweon Province, Korea, were investigated to clarify pattern of the soils. The soils were classified into 5 types on the basis of vegetation, types of organic matter. thickness of soil horizons, and completeness of soil profile. Each type showed different erosion pattern and Landsat ETM image. Coverage of plant leaves, litter, root, ash and other organic matter was an important component that affected soil color and reflectance of Landsat image (digital number). Although the NDVI (Normalized Distribution Vegetation Index) method in the wildfire area did not show much difference in soil types, the applied supervised classification method showed characteristic pattern of Landsat ETM image of soil types. This study showed that the applied supervised Landsat TM image classification in wildfire area is an effective way to estimate the distribution of erosion pattern of soil in wildfire area.