• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.251-262
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• 1998

A number of illustrated floras are generally used when we want to idenufy a name of a certain tree. This method, however, has not been efficient because it has taken a great deal of time and effort for persons who do not have much knowledge on the group of the plant. In contrast to this method, the use of taxonomical keys is very efficient for finding out the group of a certain plant. But this method Is very dirtficult for non-specialists to understand the taxonomical ternunology and thus has not been of general use. In thins context, this study was conducted to present the efficient way of the group of a certain tree through the computer database by using the brief forms of plant organs. The database consists of effect fields such as form of trunk and evergreen or deciduous, types of leaf and leaf arrangement, existence of price and hair on twig, form of leaf margin, leaf form and venation, existence of hair on leaf surface and petiole, length of leaf and petiole. The 222 species of tree used for landscape architecture were sorted by items of the eight fields. As a result, the 222 species were divided into 185 groups and the one group contains 7species, 2 groups contain 3 species, 27 groups contain 2 species and 155 groups contain only one species. Therefore it is suggested that the use of computer database and illustrated floras is very easy and efficient in identifying a tree.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2005

Overwintering capacity, closely related to winter hardiness, of Chinese milk vetch planted with different sowing times and sowing practices was investigated to improve the incorporation into cropping system in Korea. The tolerance to low temperature was evaluated with $LT_50$ using leaf disc leaching method. Dry weight of CMV was reduced remarkably with delayed planting from Sep. 5 to Oct. 20. The differences in tolerance to freezing temperature were not conspicuous among CMV genotypes, however, the differences between genotype (collections at different regions) were due to the plant architecture, mainly to the leaf angle. The crouching genotype collected at central region of Korean peninsula, which showed excellent freezing tolerant, has planophile leaves. The feature of internal constituents of CMV genotypes did not show any noticeable differences with respect to the freezing tolerance which evaluated by leaf disc leaching experiment. To overcome the poor overwintering capacity, tolerant genotype should be developed by selection with considering the plant architecture. The reduction of CMV growth during overwintering period was ameliorated with furrow-sowing under late-sown condition, therefore, when the CMV is inevitably sown late after recommended time, the seeds should be sown on furrow to overcome the cold stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-102
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for conserving the biodiversity of urban ecosystem by objective surveying and analysing the vascular plants distributed in major sites of Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. The results are as follows. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 522 taxa including 110 families, 314 genera, 459 species, 4 subspecies, 46 varieties and 13 forms. The rare plants were 5 taxa including Aristolochia contorta, Drosera rotundifolia, Potentilla discolor, Viola albida and Hydrocharis dubia. The endemic plants were 13 taxa including Salix koriyanagi, Carpinus laxiflora, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Weigela subsessilis and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 30 taxa including Caltha palustris, Caryopteris incana, Ilex macropoda, Monochoria korsakowii and so forth. The naturalized plants were 44 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Lepidium virginicum, Solanum americanum, Aster subulatus var. sandwicensis, Panicum dichotomiflorum and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 5 taxa including Sicyos angulatus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, Aster pilosus and Paspalum distichum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to present the fundamental data for conservation and management of wetland ecosystem by surveying and analysing the vascular plants distributed in major wetlands, Gyeongju National Park. The study sites were Tohamsan wetland, Amgok wetland and Namsan wetland. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 200 taxa including 70 families, 145 genera, 171 species, 2 subspecies, 23 varieties and 4 forms. The threatened species designated by Ministry of Environment was Utricularia yakusimensis, and the rare plants were 7 taxa including Utricularia yakusimensis, Drosera rotundifolia, Mosla japonica, Utricularia bifida, Pogonia japonica, Utricularia racemosa and Iris ensata var. spontanea. The Korean endemic plants were Lespedeza maritima and Weigela subsessilis. The specific plants by floristic region were 12 taxa including 3 taxa of grade V, 1 taxa of grade IV, 1 taxa of grade III, 2 taxa of grade II and 5 taxa of grade I. The plants with approval for delivering oversea were 9 taxa including Glycine soja, Saussurea pulchella, Habenaria linearifolia and so forth. The naturalized platns were 5 taxa including Rumex obtusifolius, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Bidens frondosa, Erigeron annuus and Erigeron strigosus, the invasive alien plant was Ambrosia artemisiifolia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.15-41
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for conservation of forest ecosystem by surveying and analysing the flora distributed in Nakdong-Jeongmaek Mountains, Korea. The numbers of flora were 901 taxa including 116 families, 433 genera, 790 species, 4 subspecies, 90 varieties, 15 forms and 2 hybrids. The threatened species was Pedicularis ishidoyana. The rare plants were 33 taxa including Pseudostellaria sylvatica, Cimicifuga heracleifolia var. bifida, Isopyrum mandshuricum, Paeonia japonica, Syringa patula var. kamibayshii, Lilium distichum, Iris odaesanensis and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 35 taxa including Salix koriyanagi, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Corydalis maculata, Lespedeza maritima, Cirsium setidens, Carex okamotoi and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 155 taxa including 55 taxa of grade I, 41 taxa of grade II, 36 taxa of grade III, 18 taxa of grade IV and 5 taxa of grade V. The naturalized plants were 62 taxa including Rumex obtusifolius, Amaranthus lividus, Medicago sativa, Geranium carolinianum, Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana, Foeniculum vulgare, Sonchus oleraceus, Tradescantia reflexa and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 5 taxa including Rumex acetocella, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of light intensities on the growth and net photosynthesis of Piper kauzura under different shading levels : 0％, 50％, 70％ and 90％ of sunlight. Mortality rate was lowest under a 70％ shading level but 0％ and 90％ shading levels were about 46％ and 53％ each respectively. Plant height was shorter and leaf size was smaller and yellowish under a 0％ shading level but increased when light intensity was decreased. However, under a 90％ shading level, growth of Piper kauzura was inferior to other treatments. Top fresh weight was about 11.24g under a 50％ shading level and about two times higher than that observed in about 6.6g under a 90％ shading level. Root fresh weight was about 7.7g under a 0％ shading level and was about two times higher than that showed in about 3.84g and 3.64g under 90％ and 70％ respectively. Total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b rate were increased when light intensity was decreased. Net Photosynthesis achieved the highest under a 70％ shading level and maximum photosynthetic photon flux density was 150 molㆍm/sup -2/ㆍs/sup -1/. Therefore, growth of Piper kauzura was good under 50∼70％ shading, Meaning that it is an indoor plant that could be highly utilized.

• Plant Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.30-35
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• 2017

Module can be categorized as PAS(Pre-Assembled Steel structure), PAR(Pre-Assembled pipe Rack), PAU(Pre-Assembled Unit), VAU(Vendor Assembled Unit) and VPU(Vendor Package Unit). At the stage of design and fabrication of module, the condition of land and ocean transportation is considered and these conditions are reflected on the module division design. The control of the module's center of gravity is important to transport and install modules safely and the steel structure should have the strength enough to resist the sea acceleration force during the ocean transportation. The transportation condition and the installation method influence the size and weight of module. The size and weight of module are considered for the design of module division.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 1995

This study was conducted to find out appropriate rates of seed mixture of both native and foreign plants in order for stabilization of early afforestation and proper vegetation on road slope. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Characteristics of germination : After seeding, 2 weeks for both Lespedeza bicolor and Lespedeza cuneata, and 4 weeks for both Arundinella hirta and Zoysia japonica were needed for vigorous germination, and 1-4 wee17s for 3 cool-season grasses were spent for gradual germination. 2. Plant height : There was no difference between Lespedeza cuneata and Lespedeza bicolor in plant height by 7 treatments. As mixture rates of cool-season grasses were lowered, plant height of Arundinella hirta became longer. Descending order of co81-season grasses for plant height was Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass and Creeping redfescue. 3. Number of tillers : The number of tillers tended to increase in the experimental plots where competition was low. 4 Ground cover rate : Ground cover rate was the highest in Mixture IV (96.7%) and was fluctuated from 13.3% on Sept. 13 to 45% on Nev. 3 in Mixture III. Descending order of gronud cover rates in 7 treaments was Mixture IV, Mixture III. Mixture II, Mixture Ⅶ, Mixture V, Mixture Ⅵ, Mixture I, and Mixtur III when measured on Oct. 13 5. Visual assessment: High preferences were observed on Mixture IV and Ⅶ In sun the best seed mixtures were Mixture IV and Ⅶ. It meant that (1) either mixture of 70% the native plants with 30% cool-season graaes or (2) mixture of 80% the native plants with 20% cool-season glasses was best for this study.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.151-165
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• 2024

Recently, as the number of landscaping plant nurseries have increased, environmental problems such as topographical damage due to indiscriminate changes in land use, increased non-point pollution, and increased impervious areas are also occurring. In this study, we propose eco-friendly facilities and a detailed maintenance manual that can enhance the eco-friendliness and scenic beauty of landscaping plant nurseries that are increasingly located near cities. By exploring previous reports on eco-friendly facilities and related laws, we cataloged the types of eco-friendly facilities, and by referring to examples of eco-friendly facilities introduced in overseas cases and the environmental functions of agriculture, we cataloged the types of eco-friendly facilities suitable for introduction in plant nurseries. The selected facilities are rain gardens, tree boxes, vegetated filter beds, bio-retention, infiltration trench, infiltration tanks, permeable pavements, and sand filtration systems. The maintenance tasks of eco-friendly facilities were categorized and management plans were proposed, which is expected to be utilized as a basic data to prepare eco-friendly space planning and operation management plans when creating a landscape plant nurseries in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 2024

This research investigated the feasibility of incorporating industrial by-products into precast concrete formulated with blast furnace slag and natural gypsum. Specifically, the study examined the effects of incorporating steelmaking slag(STS slag), combined heat power plant fly ash, and return dust. The optimal amount of these by-products was determined by measuring air content, slump, and compressive strength at various incorporation levels. Results demonstrated that compressive strength was enhanced across all levels of by-product addition. Notably, incorporating 10% of the by-products led to exceptional early-age strength development. However, a 20% addition of combined heat power plant ash significantly reduced the slump value by approximately 40%. Considering these findings and the requirement for rapid strength development in precast concrete applications, a 10% incorporation of industrial by-products was deemed optimal due to its ability to accelerate early-age strength gain.