• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.135-135
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.135-135
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• 2005

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1971.11a
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• pp.83.1-83.1
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• 1971

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water ($170^{\circ}C$, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecular-weight extraction product detected weighed 434 Da, and the efficiency of extraction for low-molecular-weight products was increased when either the concentration of ethanol was decreased, or the extraction time was lengthened from 10 min to 30 min. The highest concentration of free amino acids (approximately 8 mM) was observed following 30 min extraction using pure distilled water. The concentration of free amino acids was significantly lower when ethanol was added or a shorter extraction time was used (p<0.05). Color change of the solution following extraction was measured. There were no significant differences in color between lysates produced with different extraction times when using distilled water (p>0.05); however, using different extraction times produced significant differences in color when using 20% or 50% ethanol solution for subcritical extraction (p<0.05). The range of pH for the hydrolysate solutions was 6.4-7.5. In conclusion, the investigated extraction system was successful in the extraction of $\leq$ 500 Da hydrolysates from porcine placenta, but addition of ethanol did not yield higher production of low-molecular-weight hydrolysates than that achieved by DW alone.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.3 s.18
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• pp.131-141
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• 2006

Hominis Placenta has a broad array of clinical applications in Korean medicine, including treatment of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study is to explore the global gene expression profiles in human RAW 264.7 cell lines treated with Hominis Placenta herbal-acupuncture solution (HPHAS) using microarray analysis. The RAW 264.7 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), HPHAS, or both. Of the 8,170 genes profiled in this study, with a cut-off level of two-fold change in the expression, 72 genes (CTD1, regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 2, etc.) were upregulated and 135 genes(splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 1, actinin, alpha 1, etc.) downregulated following LPS treatment. One gene (acrosin) was upregulated and 12 genes (phospholipase A2, group IB, neurofilament, heavy polypeptide 200kDa, etc.) were downregulated following HPHAS treatment. Eleven genes (RAB27A, member RAS oncogene family, eosinophil peroxidase, etc.) were upregulated and 16 genes (V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog G (avian), RW1 protein, etc.) were downregulated following co-stimulation of HPHAS and LPS. It is thought that microarrays will play an ever-growing role in the advance of our understanding of the pharmacological actions of HPHAS in the treatment of arthritis. Further studies, however, are required to concretely prove the effectiveness of HPHAS.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2007

To examine the differential protein expression pattern in the 11.5 day post-coitus (dpc) and 18.5 dpc placenta of mouse, we have used the global proteomics approach by 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and MALDI-TOF-MS. The differential protein patterns of 3 placentae at the 11.5 dpc and 18.5 dpc from nature mating mice were analyzed. Proteins within isoelectric point range of $3.0{\sim}10.0$, separately were analyzed in 2DE with 3 replications of each sample. A total of approximately 1,600 spots were detected in placental 2-D gel stained with Coomassie-blue. In the comparison of 11.5 dpc and 18.5 dpc placentae, a total of 108 spots were identified as differentially expressed proteins, of which 51 spots were up-regulated proteins such as alpha-fetoprotein, mKIAA0635 protein and transferrin, annexin A5, while 48 spots were down-regulated proteins such as Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor l(PBEF), aldolase 1, A isoform, while 4 spots were 11.5 dpc specific proteins such as chaperonin and Acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0, while 3 spots were 18.5 dpc specific proteins such as aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B7 and CAST1/ERC2 splicing variant-1. Most identified proteins in this analysis appeared to be related with catabolism, cell growth, metabolism and regulation. Our results revealed composite profiles of key proteins involved in mouse placenta during pregnancy.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2009

In this study, bovine Dnmt1 cDNA was sequenced and detected Dnmt1 mRNA level in bovine tissues by northern blot, methylation pattern of genome by southern blot, specific localization of Dnmt1 in mouse and bovine preimplantation embryos by immunocytostaining and Dnmt1 protein level in ovary and testis by western blot. Bovine Dnmt1 cDNA sequence showed more homology with that of human than mouse and rat. The RNA level of Dnmt1 was 10 times higher expression in placenta than other tissues. This indicates that placenta was hypermethylated compared to others organs. The genomic DNA could not be cut by a specific restriction enzyme (HpaII) in placenta, lung and liver of bovine. It suggests that Dnmt1 in some somatic cells was already methylated. Dnmt1, which has the antibody epitope 1316~1616, was distributed in nucleus and cytoplasm including the stage of pronuclear stage and maturation of oocyte and gradually weaken to blastocyst stage compare to negative. In addition, Dnmt1 was strongly expressed in tetraploid embryo and cloned 8-cell than IVF 8-cell. An aberrant pattern of DNA methylation in cloned embryo may be abnormal development of fetus, embryonic lethality and placenta dysfunction. The somatic specific band (190kDa) was appeared in ovary and testis, but oocyte specific band (175kDa) was not. Further investigations are necessary to understand the complex links between the methyltransferases and the transcriptional activity of genes in the cloned bovine tissues.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.4959-4963
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• 2016

Objective:Cervical cancer is one of the major causes of mortality of Uyghur women in Xinjiang, China. Although increased expression of orexin receptor (OxR), known to be strongly expressed in human placenta, has a proven relation to some cancers, there have been few studies of cervical cancer. Thus, we explored this question by evaluating the expression of orexin receptor as a biomarker for screening early stage of cervical cancer in Uyghur women with highest occurrence rate of cervical cancer in China. Study Design: We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical staining to determine the expression of both Ox1R and Ox2R in cervical cancer and cervicitis biopsies collected from Uyghur women infected with human papilloma virus (HPV)16. The expression rate was compared between cervical cancers of low, intermediate and high differentiation and cervicitis. Results:Although there was no significant difference in the expression rate of Ox1R between groups, Ox2R was significantly overexpressed in cervical cancer patients when compared to the cervicitis group. Ox1R was negative in normal human placenta while Ox2R was positive. Conclusions: While expression of Ox1R had no correlation with invasion or metastatic potential, Ox2R demonstrated elevation in cervical cancer with heterogeneity in groups with different metastatic potential, in the human placenta as well, implying that it might serve as an indicator of invasive capacity along with other indices.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1984

In order to determine the extent of the placental transfer of Lithium ion, pregnant rabbits at $27{\sim}29$ days of gestation, which has hemochorial placenta similar to the human placenta, received 2 mM/Kg of $Li^+$ in the form of LiCl intravenously. Maternal arterial blood, placental sinus blood, fetal blood, amniotic fluid and maternal urine were drawn two hours after the single dose of LiCl. Concentrations of $Li^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$ and osmolarity were measured in plasma of collected bloods, amniotic fluid and urine. Followings are the results obtained. 1) Evident level of $Li^+$ was detected in fetal blood, although fetal plasma concentration of $Li^+$ found to be almost one third of maternal plasma. 2) Plasma concentration of $Li^+$ in placental sinus blood was higher than that in fetal plasma but lower than that in maternal plasma. It means that downward concentration gradient of $Li^+$ from mother to fetus was still remarkable two hours after the injection. 3) Significant level of $Li^+$ was also detected in amniotic fluid. It seemed likely that $Li^+$, at least in part, excreted by the fetal urinary tract. 4) There were no differences in $Na^+$ and osmolar concentration between fetal and maternal blood. 5) From above results, it was concluded that $Li^+$ may transfer across the placenta but limited passage capacity through placental barrier for $Li^+$ is significant, beacause net transfer assumed to be going on even at two hours, at which time maternal equlibrium has been reached.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.85-101
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to find out correlation of filtration rate of herbal-acupunctures and pain score of herbal acupuncture stimulation. Methods : Filtration rate of Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture, Kidney yang deficiency number two herbal acupuncture, Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture, Cervus Elaphus herbal acupuncture, BUM herbal acupuncture and Carthami Flos herbal acupuncture were measured at the korean institute of herbal acupuncture. And Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture, Kidney yang deficiency number two herbal acupuncture, Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture, Cervus Elaphus herbal acupuncture, BUM herbal acupuncture and Carthami Flos herbal acupuncture were injected at Xie points of the subjects. Results : Ranking of herbal acupunctures filtration rates is the same as ranking of pain score and duration time of herbal acupuncture. Correlation analysis result of herbal acupunctures filtration rates and herbal acupuncture VAS with a simple linear regression analysis is that correlation coefficient of Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture, Kidney Yang Deficiency Number Two herbal acupuncture, Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture, Cervus elaphus herbal acupuncture, BUM herbal acupuncture. Carthami Flos herbal acupuncture is 0.44, 0.53, 0.58, 0.76, 0.47 and 0.54. Correlation analysis result of herbal acupuncture's filtration rates and herbal acupuncture stimulation's duration time is that correlation coefficient of Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture, Kidney Yang Deficiency Number Two herbal acupuncture, Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture, Cervus Elaphus herbal acupuncture, BUM herbal acupuncture, Carthami Flos herbal acupuncture is -0.09, 0.11, -0.07, 0.28, -0.11 and -0.09. Conclusion : We found the correlation of filtration rate of herbal-acupunctures and pain score of herbal-acupuncture stimulation. This study help to control pain amount and pain duration time of herbal acupuncture treatment. And this study improve acupuncture theory of herbal acupuncture.