• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2004

Hygienic standards for pizza specialty restaurant located in Seoul during summer, 2000 were established based on HACCP concept by measuring temperature, time, pH, $A_{w}$ and microbiological assessments of pizza, and evaluation of hygienic conditions of kitchens and workers. Kitchen and worker conditions were average 1.2 and 1.0 (3 point Sly's scale), respectively, Microbial contaminations occurred at $5-60^{\circ}C$, pH above 5.0, and $A_{w}$ (0.93-0.98). Microbial assessments for pizza processing revealed $1.5{\times}10^{2}-3.9{\times}10^{8}\;CFU/g$ of TPC and $0.5{\times}10^{1}-1.6{\times}10^{7}\;CFU/g$ of coliforms, exceeding standards ($TPC\;10^{6}\;CFU/g\;and\;coliform\;10^{3}\;CFU/g$) established by Solberg et al., although significantly decreased after baking. S. aureus was not discovered, but Salmonella was found in onions. Tools and containers such as pizza cutting knife, topping container, serving bowl, pizza plate, working board, and dough kneading board contained $6.2{\times}10^{2}-1.1{\times}10^{9}\;CFU/g$ of TPC, $2.0{\times}10^{1}-6.2{\times}10^{3}\;CFU/g$ of coliforms. Workers' hands contained $3.1{\times}10^{4}\;CFU/g$ of TPC and S. aureus as compared to safety standards of Harrigan and McCance (500 and 10 CFU/g of TPC and coliforms per $100cm^{2}$). CCPs (critical control points) were determined as receiving, topping, and baking according to CCP decision tree analysis. Results suggest purchase of quality materials, careful monitoring of time and temperature, hygienic use of tools and utensils, and sanitary practicer by workers are recommended as control points for safe pizza production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the quality changes of commercial sliced and pizza cheeses processed by gamma and electron beam irradiation. The $L^*$-value of sliced and pizza cheeses decreased and the $a^*$-value decreased only in pizza cheese by both irradiation sources. There was no change in pH. There was no difference in 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value between non-irradiated and irradiated samples at a dose of 3 kGy or less (p<0.05). However, both irradiation sources resulted in increased TBARS value in sliced and pizza cheeses at 5 kGy. Sensory evaluation revealed that irradiation influenced odor, taste and overall acceptability of both cheeses and may cause the limitation of consumers' acceptance for irradiated cheese products. Results indicate that both gamma and electron beam irradiations with less than 3 kGy may not influence significantly the physicochemical quality of sliced and pizza cheeses. However, to meet a market requirement, a method to overcome the sensory deterioration of cheeses should be developed and applied.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.101-116
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• 2003

The study was conducted to establish hygienic standards of salad items for pizza restaurant located in Seoul by applying HACCP system during the summer of 2000. The study measured temperature, time, pH, Aw and microbial assessments. The hygienic conditions of the kitchen and workers were on the average(1.21, 1.0 out of 3 pts.), but some improvement should be made: separate use of trash can and leftover disposal, separate use of knives and cutting boards, habits for hand washing and wearing hygienic gloves. For salad production, all procedures were peformed under food safety danger zone ($5{\~}60^{\circ}C$). The ingredients were mostly above pH 5.0 and high in Aw($0.94{\~}0.99$). Microbial assessments for salad production revealed that TPC($1.8{\times}10^3{\~}1.0{\times}10^{10}CFU/g$) and coliforms($1.5{\times}10{\~}5.2{\times}10^5 CFU/g$) exceeded the standards by Solberg et al.(TPC: $10^6CFU/g$, coliforms: $10^3CFU/g$). S. aureus was not detected but Salmonella was found in three food items(egg, macaroni and macaroni salad). Moreover, the workers' hands contained 3.1 104 CFU/g of TPC and 4.2 102 CFU/g of S. aureus requiring further remedy since it exceeded the safety standards suggested by Harrigan and McCance (500 CFU/g of TPC per $100cm^2$ and 10 CFU/g of coliforms per $100cm^2$). According to the critical control point(CCP) decision tree analysis, vegetable receiving, vegetable holding, mixing, display on coleslaw, macaroni draining, display on macaroni salad, egg peeling & cutting, apple cutting, and display on salad bar were determined as CCPs. From the findings it would be suggested that purchase of Quality materials, short holding and display time, storing food at right temperature, using sanitary cooking utensils, and improvement of workers' food handing practices are needed to ensure the safe salad production in this specific pizza restaurant.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2002

피클에 대한 인식도, 중요도 및 기호도를 조사한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 버섯피클에 대해서는 94.8%가 안다고 하려고 피클을 주로 곁들여 먹는 요리는 '피자, 햄버거 등이고 피클이 가장 잘 어울리는 요리는 오븐요리와 서양요리(87.5%)이고 피클이 음식 전체에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 '식욕을 증대시킨다'가 3.97점으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 2. 피클 제조과정과 상품적 가치요인에 대한 중요도는 위생이 4.77점, 4.26점으로 가장 높았다. 3. 피클에 대한 기호도는 41.3%가 '좋다' 이상으로 나타났고 연령에 따라서는 10대와 20대가 30, 40대 보다 피클을 훨씬 좋아하였으며 좋아하는 피클의 절임 형태는 식초절임이 77.2%로 가장 많았다. 각 요리와 피클을 곁들여 먹었을 때의 기호도는 피자(3.80점)에 곁들이는 것을 가장 좋아한다고 하였고 다음으로 햄버거샌드위치(3.38점), 돈까스 (3.38점), 샐러드(3.26점), 햄버거스테이크(3.23점)의 순으로 기호도가 높았다. 반면 멕시코식의 화지타(2.61점), 안주요리의 훈제연어(2.74점), 찹스테이크(2.76점), 이태리식의 전채(2.87점), 불고기 라이스(2.90점), 멕시칸샐러드(2.91점) 등에 곁들여 먹었을 때의 기호도는 비교적 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 4. 시판 피클을 선택할 때는 84.4%가 맛을 가장 으뜸으로 여긴다고 하였고 앞으로 개발되기를 바라는 피클의 종류는 과일 피클이 49.7%로 가장 많았고 그 다음으로 버섯피클이 19.2%이었다.