• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 1999

A copper-tungsten sintered alloy(Cu-W) has been friction welded to a tough pitch copper in order to investigate the effect of upset pressure on friction weldability. Under the condition of friction time 0.8sec, upset pressure 150MPa, the tensile strength and Charpy impact value of the friction welded joint were 336MPa, $400KJ/m^2$ respectively. And highest temperature of the weld measured was below $800^{circ}K$ which is very lower than melting point of Cu($1356^{circ}K$). Under the same conditions, W grains picked up in Cu matrix from Cu-W profitably affected on these mechanical fracture, and were dispersed in Cu by plastic flow during brake time.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국복합재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.83-86
• /
• 2004

The aeroelastic stability analysis of composite bearingless rotors is investigated using a large deflection beam theory in hover. The bearingless rotor configuration consists of a single flexbeam with a wrap-around type torque tube and the pitch links located at the leading edge and trailing edge of the torque tube root. For the analysis of composite bearingless rotors, flexbeam is assumed to be a rectangular section made of laminate. Two-dimensional quasi-steady strip theory and Loewy's aerodynamic theory with the lift deficiency function are used for unsteady aerodynamic computation. The finite element equations of motion for beams are obtained using Hamilton's principle. Numerical results of selected bearingless rotor configurations are obtained for the lay-up of laminae in the flexbeam and pitch links location.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2004

A 10 Gb/s limiting amplifier IC with the emitter area of $1.5{\times}10{\mu}m^2$ for optical transmission system was designed and fabricated with a AIGaAs/GaAs HBTs technology. In this stud)', we evaluated fine pitch bump using WL-CSP (Wafer Level-Chip Scale Packaging) instead of conventional wire bonding for interconnection. For this we developed WL-CSP process and formed fine pitch solder bump with the $40{\mu}m$ diameter and $100{\mu}m$ pitch on bonding pad. To study the effect of WL-CSP, electrical performance was measured and analyzed in wafer and package module using WL-CSP. In a package module, clear and wide eye diagram openings were observed and the riselfall times were about 100ps, and the output" oltage swing was limited to $600mV_{p-p}$ with input voltage ranging from 50 to 500m V. The Small signal gains in wafer and package module were 15.56dB and 14.99dB respectively. It was found that the difference of small signal gain in wafer and package module was less then 0.57dB up to 10GHz and the characteristics of return loss was improved by 5dB in package module. This is due to the short interconnection length by WL-CSP. So, WL-CSP process can be used for millimeter wave GaAs MMIC with the fine pitch pad.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.463-473
• /
• 2006

The effect of tube diameter on heat and mass transfer characteristics of absorber in absorption chiller/heater using LiBr solution as a working fluid has been investigated by both of numerical and experimental study to develop a high performance and compact absorber. The diameter of the heat exchanger tube inside absorber was changed from 15.88mm to 12.70mm and 9.52mm. In numerical study a model of vapor pressure drop inside tube absorber based on a commercial 20RT absorption chiller/heater was performed. The effect of tube diameter, longitudinal pitch, vapor Reynolds number, longitudinal pitch to diameter ratio on vapor pressure drop across the heat exchanger tube banks inside absorber have been investigated and found that vapor pressure drop decreases as tube diameter increases, longitudinal pitch increases, vapor Reynolds number decreases and longitudinal pitch to diameter ratio increases. In experimental study, a system includes a tube absorber, a generator, solution distribution system and cooling water system was set up. The experimental results shown that the overall heat transfer coefficient, mass transfer coefficient. Nusselt number and Sherwood number increase as solution flow rate increases. In both of study cases, the heat and mass transfer performance increases as tube diameter decreases. Among three different tube diameters the smallest tube diameter 9.52mm has highest heat and mass transfer performance.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.1603-1612
• /
• 1990

본 연구에서는 5개의 원관으로 이루어진 일행관군에서의 원관 주위의 유동특 성의 해명과 유동장이 열전달에 미치는 영향등을 보다 상세히 밝히는데 목적이 있으며, 이를위해 원관의 표면압력, 관 주위의 유동장의 평균속도 및 난류강도, 관의 표면온도 등을 측정하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제26권12호
• /
• pp.1681-1691
• /
• 2002

The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of heat exchangers with louver fins were experimentally investigated. The samples had small fin pitches (1.0 mm to 1.4 mm), and experiments were conducted up to a very low frontal air velocity (as low as 0.3 m/s). At a certain Reynolds number (critical Reynolds number), the flattening of the heat transfer coefficient curve was observed. The critical Reynolds number was insensitive to the louver angle, and decreased as the louver pitch to fin pitch ratio (L$_{p}$F$_{p}$) decreased. Existing correlations on the critical Reynolds number did not adequately predict the data. It is suggested that, for proper assessment of the heat transfer behavior, the louver pattern in addition to the flow characterization need to be considered. The heat transfer coefficient increased as the fin pitch decreased. At low Reynolds numbers, however, the trend was reversed. Possible explanation is provided considering the louver pattern between neighboring fins. Different from the heat transfer coefficient, the friction factor did not show the flattening characteristic. The reason may be attributed to the form drag by louvers, which offsets the decreased skin friction at a low Reynolds number. The friction factor increased as the fin pitch decreased and the louver angle increased. A new correlation predicted 92% of the heat transfer coefficient and 90% of the friction factor within $\pm$10%.10%.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2017

The 1MW OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) platform was designed for application in equatorial seas. In this study, the OTEC platform was investigated using numerical and experimental methods. An octagon-shaped OTEC platform was investigated using the Ocean Engineering Basin of KRISO. These experiments included various tests of regular waves, irregular waves and irregular waves with current (wave+current). The responses of the platform in regular waves showed good agreement between the numerical and experimental results, including the motion RAO, wave run up, and mean drift force. The peak period of heave and pitch motions were observed around 0.5 rad/s, and the effect of the total reflection was found under short wave conditions. The standard deviation (STD) of the platform motion was checked in irregular waves of equatorial and Hawaiian seas. The STD of the pitch was less than $4^{\circ}$ different from the operability requirement under equatorial conditions and the surge STD of the wave frequency showed good agreement between the numerical and experimental results. The STD values of the surge and pitch were increased 66.6% and 92.8% by the current effects in irregular waves, but the pitch STD was less than $4^{\circ}$ under equatorial conditions. This study showed that the STD of the surge was affected by spring effects. Thus, the watch circle of the platform and tension of the mooring lines must be evaluated for a specific design in the future.

• 소음진동
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.346-352
• /
• 1998

This paper presents actuating characteristics of an asymmetric high-speed optical pick-up fine actuator that can be installed in a small area such as a notebook personal computer. In the asymmetric actuator four points (mass center, actuation center, supporting point of wire suspension on a bobbin, and optical axis) are not coincident so that the proposed actuator suspension reveals undesirable suspension resonance in the pitch and yaw direction. Lumped parameter dynamic model in each direction is used to investigate the driving characteristics with respect to relative location of the four points. Some of desired design directions toward reducing resonance peaks are suggested by using sensitivity information. In order to avoid undesirable resonance, at least supporting point on the obbin must be located in the middle of the mass and actuation center of the asymmetric pick-up actuator.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2019

목 적: 최근 Radixact^® X9에서는 치료테이블의 처짐을 방지하는 Catcher^TM가 추가되었다. 본 연구에서는 정확한 선량전달을 위한 토모테라피의 메가볼트 전산화단층촬영(MVCT) 영상유도방사선치료 시 Tomo-HDA^®의 General Couch와 Radixact^® X9의 Catcer^TM Couch의 치료테이블 처짐 정도를 팬텀을 이용하여 정량적으로 비교하고 그 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 팬텀연구를 위해 란도팬텀을 이용하였으며, 치료부위에 따른 변화를 위해 두경부와 골반부에 중심점을 설정하였다. 또한, 무게에 따른 변화를 위해 자체 제작한 저용융점납합금을 이용하였다. 납합금의 무게를 점차 증가시켜(A: 15kg, A+B: 30kg, A+B+C: 45kg) MVCT 영상을 획득하였으며, 수직오차 및 회전(Pitch)오차를 측정하였다. 환자연구를 위해 본원에서 토모테라피를 이용하여 방사선치료를 받은 120명의 환자를 선정하였다. Tomo-HDA^®과 Radixact^® X9에서 각각 60명씩 치료를 받았으며, 치료부위는 두경부와 골반부로 30명씩 분류하여 선정하였다. 환자연구 방법으로는 치료 첫 날 획득한 MVCT 영상의 척추를 기준으로 수직오차 및 회전(Pitch) 오차를 측정하여 평균값을 산출하였다. 결 과: 팬텀연구 결과 Tomo-HDA^®의 General Couch에서는 무게가 증가함에 따라 두경부와 골반부 모두 수직 및 회전(Pitch)오차가 비례하여 증가하였고, 두경부에서 최대 7.52mm, 0.38°, 골반부에서 최대 11.94mm, 0.92° 발생하였다. Radixact^® X9의 Catcher^TM Couch에서는 0.02~0.1mm, 0~0.04°의 오차범위가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 환자연구 결과 Radixact^® X9의 Catcher^TM Couch에서 두경부 4.79mm, 0.33°, 골반부 7.66mm, 0.22° 더 낮게 측정되었다. 결 론: 팬텀연구 결과 Tomo-HDA^®의 General Couch에서는 무게가 증가함에 따라 수직오차 및 회전(Pitch) 오차가 비례하여 증가하였으며, 특히 두경부보다는 골반부에서 더 많이 증가하였다. 하지만, 본 연구의 목적인 Radixact^® X9의 Catcher^TM Couch에서는 무게와 부위라는 변수상관 없이 일정한 오차가 발생하였다. 결론적으로 Catcher^TM Couch는 Couch 처짐이라는 Mechanical error를 최소화 할 수 있으며, 두경부보다는 골반부에서 더 유용하게 작용한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 토모테라피를 이용한 방사선치료 시 Radixact^® X9의 Catcher^TM Couch를 사용한다면 토모테라피의 특성상 보정할 수 없는 회전(Pitch)오차를 최소화하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 1985

In near future about 500,000 hectares of Japanese larch and pitch pine need thinning to improve crop-tree spacing and reasonable species composition in Korea. Although thinned trees show very little high quality wood, in fact, all the sawed products are suitable for construction and farming materials. Studies on the utilization of thinned small-diameter trees have been implemented in order to increase lumber yield and display the skeleton of farm buildings. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: 1. According to Korean Conifers Log Grading System, log grade 3 was 87.4 percent in Japanese larch bolts and 95.8 percent in pitch pine bolts from thinned trees. The ability to identify defects was essential for grading logs. 2. Cutting diagrams of sawing were developed for 1-sided sawing, 2-sided sawing and 3-sided sawing by small end diameter class of bolt and cutting sizes also were found to use effectively lumber with wane. 3. Lumber recovery of Pitch pine was a little higher than that of Japanese larch. The maximum lumber yields of pitch pine by sawing patterns were 87.2 percent for 1-sided sawing, 80.8 percent for 2-sided sawing an 64.1 percent for 3-sided sawing, up yield compared with 58.1 percent for 4-sided sawing. The lumber yield of 1, 2 and 3-sided sawing significantly was higher value than that of 4-sided sawing. 4. Lumber was inspected and graded. Lumber quality of diameter class 12cm was a little better than that of diameter class 8cm, but 90 percent of lumber in diameter c1ass 16cm fell into grade 3. The lumber grade was classified by Korean standard grades of confiers lumber. 5. Lumber from 1, 2 and 3-sided sawing was used to build the skeleton of a farm house ($53m^2$) and greenhouse ($60m^2$) in order to display more efficient use of small diameter trees from thinning 6. Total volume of timber for building a farm house was $8.1m^3$ of imported timber. Timber of $7m^3$, 70 percent of total volume would be substituted imported timber for domestic timber.