• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2019

Ginseng berry (GB) contains Ginsenoside Re and has anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle properties. In this study, TLC fractions 1, 2, and 4 of the ginseng berry amino acid complex were identified and analyzed by HPLC. And identified a peptide (AP-1) by LC/MASS analysis of fraction 1. The anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed by investigating the inhibitory effect of AP-1 on NO production. In addition, collagen synthesis using procollagen type I C-peptide (PIP) ELISA kit was 50% higher effective than that of the control group. From these results, the peptide isolated from ginseng berry amino acid complex is considered to have anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle effect, and may be useful as an anti-inflammatory and anti-aging cosmetic raw material.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.166-172
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• 2006

Metallo-${\beta}$-lactamase (MBL) can hydrolyze all ${\beta}$-lactams except monobactams and frequently coexists with various antibiotic resistance genes such as aminoglycoside resistance, sulfonamide resistance gene, etc. Therefore, the effective antibiotics against infections by these bacteria are markedly limited or can't even be found. We tried to search in-vitro antimicrobial combinations with synergistic effects for a VIM-2 type MBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from clinical specimen. On the selection of antibiotic combinations with synergistic effects, we performed a one disk synergy test, modified Pestel's method, in agar without aztreonam (AZT). The bacteriostatic synergistic effects of this tests were scored as $S_1$ (by susceptibility pattern in agar without antibiotics), $S_2$ (by the change of susceptibility in agar with or without antibiotics) and $S_3$ ($S_1$ + $S_2$) and was classified into weak (1 point), moderate (2 points) and strong (3 points) by $S_3$ score. Subsequently, we carried out the time-killing curve for the antibiotic combinations with the strong synergistic bacteriostatic effect. One VIM-2 type MBL producing P. aeruginosa confirmed by the PCR showed all resistance against all ${\beta}$-lactams except AZT, aminoglycoside and ciprofloxacin. In the one disk synergy test, this isolate showed a strong bacteriostatic synergistic effect for the antibiotic combination of AZT and piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP-TZP) or AZT and amikacin (AN). On the time-killing curve after six hours of incubation, the colony forming units (CFUs/mL) of this bacteria in the medium broth with both combination antibiotics were decreased to 1/18.7, 1/17.1 of the least CFUs of each single antibiotics. The triple antibiotic combination therapy including AZT, PIP-TZP and AN was shown to be significantly synergistic after 8 hrs of exposure. In a VIM-2 MBL producing P. aeruginosa with susceptibility for AZT, the triple antibiotic combination therapy including AZT, PIP-TZP and AN may be considered as an alternative antibiotics modality against the infection by some MBL type. But the antimicrobial combination therapy for many more MBL producing isolates is essential to know as soon as possible for the selection of effective treatment against the infection by this bacteria.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.555-561
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• 2020

TWIK-related two-pore domain K⁺ channel-2 (TREK-2) has voltage-independent activity and shows additional activation by acidic intracellular pH (pH_i) via neutralizing the E³³² in the cytoplasmic C terminal (Ct). We reported opposite regulations of TREK-2 by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂) via the alkaline K³³⁰ and triple Arg residues (R^355-357); inhibition and activation, respectively. The G³³⁴ between them appeared critical because its mutation (G³³⁴A) endowed hTREK-2 with tonic activity, similar to the mutation of the inhibitory K³³⁰ (K³³⁰A). To further elucidate the role of putative bent conformation at G³³⁴, we compared the dual mutation forms, K³³⁰A/G³³⁴A and G³³⁴A/R^355-7A, showing higher and lower basal activity, respectively. The results suggested that the tonic activity of G³³⁴A owes to a dominant influence from R^355-7. Since there are additional triple Arg residues (R^377-9) distal to R^355-7, we also examined the triple mutant (G³³⁴A/R^355-7A/R^377-9A) that showed tonic inhibition same with G³³⁴A/R^355-7A. Despite the state of tonic inhibition, the activation by acidic pH_i was preserved in both G³³⁴A/R^355-7A and G³³⁴A/R^355-7A/R^377-9A, similar to the R^355-7A. Also, the inhibitory effect of ATP could be commonly demonstrated under the activation by acidic pH_i in R^355-7A, G³³⁴A/R^355-7A, and G³³⁴A/R^355-7A/R^377-9A. These results suggest that the putative bent conformation at G³³⁴ is important to set the tug-of-war between K³³⁰ and R^355-7 in the PIP₂-dependent regulation of TREK-2.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2001.08a
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• pp.177-189
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• 2001

ㆍ RosettaNet is one of the most rapidly expanding XML- based B2B standards aiming at lingua-franca for e-Business. ㆍ RosettaNet delivers PIP/sup TM/-based B2B process standards, dictionaries, and implementation frameworks guaranteeing interoperability among integration solutions. ㆍ RosettaNet is an evolutionary standard featuring need-based expansion, implementation-promoting development methodology, and release model based on collective agreement among members. ㆍ RosettaNet plans to continue to focus the majority of its efforts on vertical supply chain and business model specific e-commerce process standards, with an emphasis on rapid adoption and production implementation in the high technology industry.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.458-465
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• 2018

Background Volar plate avulsion fracture of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is one of the most common hand injuries. In this study, we divided patients into two groups: patients with pure volar plate avulsion fracture, and patients with volar plate avulsion fracture concomitant with collateral ligament rupture. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term surgical outcomes between the two groups. As a secondary measure, the Mitek bone anchoring and polydioxanone (PDS) bone suturing techniques were compared. Methods A single-institutional retrospective review of the surgical treatment of volar plate avulsion fracture was performed. The cases were divided into those with pure volar plate avulsion fracture (group A, n=15) and those with volar plate avulsion fracture concomitant with collateral ligament rupture (group B, n=15). Both groups underwent volar plate reattachment using Mitek bone anchoring or PDS bone suturing followed by 2 weeks of immobilization in a dorsal protective splint. Results The average range of motion of the PIP joint and extension lag were significantly more favorable in group A (P<0.05). Differences in age; follow-up period; flexion function; visual analog scale scores; disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand scores; and the grip strength ratio between the two groups were non-significant. No significant differences were found in the surgical outcomes of Mitek bone anchoring and PDS bone suturing in group A. Conclusions Overall, the surgical outcomes of volar plate reattachment were successful irrespective of whether the collateral ligaments were torn. However, greater extension lag was observed in cases of collateral ligament injury.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.356-361
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• 1991

- To investigate the possibility of genetic development for a multi-purpose strain of Bacillus subtilis YBL-7 against Fusat-iurn solani causing root rot of many impotant corps, the plasmid pGU66 inserting urease gene of Bacillus pasteurii had been introduced into Bacillus subtilis YBL-7 by PEG-induced protoplast (PIP) transformation system. Protoplasts of B. subtilis YBL-7 were prepared by treating the cells with lysozyme (200 $\mu g$/ml) in hypertonic buffer (SMMP). The highest transformation frequency was achieved when cells of the strain with lysozyme at $42^{\circ}C$ for 90 minutes. Optimal transformation was obtained using polyethylene glycol (MW 4000) at final concentration of 30% (V/V). The transformation frequency was increased proportionally to 1.2 $\mu g$ of plasmid DNA. At best condition, the transformation frequency (transformants/ regenerants/$\mu g$ of DNA) for pGU66 was appoximately $4 \times 10^{-3}$. Also, the urease gene was strongly expressed in the transformants of B. subtilis YBL-7 and maintained steadily. The antifungal ability of transformant was very similar to that of B. ssubtilis YBL-7.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.136-142
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• 2007

This paper proposes a new approach on nonlinear maneuvering target tracking. In this paper, proposed algorithm is the Kalman filter based on the adaptive interactive multiple model using the concept of predicted impact point and utilize modified Kalman filter regarding the error between measurement position and predicted impact point. The unknown target acceleration is regarded as an additional process noise to the target model, and each sub-model is characterized in accordance with the valiance of the overall process noise which is obtained on the basis of each acceleration interval. To compensate the decreasing performance of Kalman filter in nonlinear maneuver, we construct optional algorithm to utilize proposed method or Kalman filter selectively. To effectively estimate the acceleration during the target maneuvering, the rapid increase of the noise scale is recognized as the acceleration to be used in maneuvering target's movement equation. And a few examples are presented to show suggested algorithm's executional potential.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 2006

Phospholipase $C-{\gamma}1\;(PLC-{\gamma}1)$ is an important signaling molecule for cell proliferation and differentiation. $PLC-{\gamma}1$ contains two pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, which are responsible for protein-protein interaction and protein-lipid interaction. $PLC-{\gamma}1$ also has two Src homology (SH)2 domains and a SH3 domain, which are responsible for protein- protein interaction. To identity proteins that specifically binds to PH domain of $PLC-{\gamma}1$, we prepared and incubated the glutathione S-transferase(GST)-fused PH domains of $PLC-{\gamma}1$ with COS7 cell lysate. We found that 90 kDa protein specifically binds to PH domain of $PLC-{\gamma}1$. By matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry, the 90 kDa protein revealed to be heat shock protein (Hsp) $90{\beta}$. Hsp $90{\beta}$ is a molecular chaperone that stabilizes and facilitates the folding of proteins that are involved in cell signaling, including receptors for steroids hormones and a variety of protein kinases. To know whether Hsp $90{\beta}$ affects on $PLC-{\gamma}1$ activity, we performed $PIP_2$ hydrolyzing activity of $PLC-{\gamma}1$ in the presence of purified Hsp $90{\beta}$ in vitro. Our results show that the Hsp $90{\beta}$ dose-dependently inhibits the enzymatic activity of $PLC-{\gamma}1$ and further suggest that Hsp $90{\beta}$ regulates cell growth and differentiation via regulation of $PLC-{\gamma}1$ activity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.399-405
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• 2010

The grasping motion of a person's hand for a simplified degree of freedom was modeled by using the photographic motion measured by a high-speed camera. The mathematical expression of distal interphalangeal (DIP) motion was developed by using relation models of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) motions to reduce the degree of freedom. The mathematical expression for humanoid-hand operation obtained using a learning algorithm with a neural network and using a kernel regression model were compared. A feasible model of hand operation was obtained on the basis of comparative data analysis by using the kernel regression model.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

We report the existence of new type of phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (PLD), which has been characterized and partially purified in the scuticociliate, Uronema marinum. The enzyme from partial purification showed that it was existed in membrane fraction and was a neutral PLD, which catalyzed both transphosphatidylation and hydrolysis reaction. The activity of partially purified membrane-bound PLD was also found to be optimal at pH 7.0-7.5 for 2 hours at 37℃ and depended strictly on the presence of Ca2+ (2.5 mM) and Mg2+ (1.6 mM). Immunoblot analysis indicated that the enzyme was distinct from hPLD1 (human PLD1) and hPLD2 (human PLD2) because it was not recognized by a polyclonal antibody raised to the 12 terminal amino acid of these enzymes. We also found that the membrane-bound PLD is a PIP2-dependent PLD and that GTP-binding proteins are not implicated in the regulation of this enzyme: This enzyme activity is markedly stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) but not by the small G-protein Arf and GTPrS. In addition, this enzyme was capable of hydrolyzing phosphatidylcholine (PC) but not phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), implying that PC was a preferred substrate.