• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 1997

This study was carried out to find the relationship between anatomical characters and compression strength parallel to grain of Pinus densiflora S. et. Z., the representative conifer species in Korea. The results were as follows ; 1. The compression strength parallel to grain increased with the increase of tracheid length and wall thickness. The strength, however, decreased with the increase of height of uniseriate ray and microfibril angle. 2. The major factors affecting compression strength parallel to grain in heartwood were radial diameter of latewood tracheid and wall thickness of earlywood tracheid but length and tangential diameter of latewood tracheid were the important factors in sapwood.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.168-172
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• 2012

In this study, the effect of soil ameliorators on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities in coal mine spoils was investigated. Organic fertilizers and slaked lime were applied as soil ameliorators in 3 abandoned coal mine spoils. One year after the initial treatment, roots of Pinus densiflora seedlings were collected and the number of ECM species, colonization rate, and species diversity were assessed. The results showed that the soil ameliorators significantly increased ECM colonization on the roots of P. densiflora. The results suggest that soil ameliorators can have a positive effect on ECM fungi in terms of growth of host plants and show the potential use of soil ameliorator treatment for revegetation with ECM-colonized pine seedlings in the coal mine spoils.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.222-227
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• 2008

Upon studying the diversity of fungal endophytes associated with pine trees in Korea, many species of Penicillium were encountered. In this study, we report two species of Penicillium isolated from the needles of Pinus rigida. Based on ID region analysis, cultural and morphological characteristics, the two species were identified as Penicillium fellutanum and P. toxicarium, both of which are new to Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2009

An Ophiostoma fungus was isolated from a stump of Pinus thunbergii in a forest on the West coast of Korea. Microscopic analysis using a light microscope, a stereo microscope, and a scanning electron microscope revealed that it had morphological features of Pesotum and Sporothix synanarmorphs. Based on the $\beta$-tubulin gene sequence analysis, the fungus was identified as the anamorph of Ophiostoma floccosum. Mycological properties of the species including its growth properties on different culture media were described.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.60-66
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• 2006

With the species composition table, the forest community of Mt. Yeonginsan were classified into Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, and Quercus acutissima community. The importance value of the study community was 73.55, 36.28, 29.87, 25.07, 24.88, and 21.25 in Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Larix leptolepis, and Quercus acutissima, respectively. According to breast diameter analysis, the importance value of Quercus mongolica, Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata continuously increase.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.32-36
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• 1995

A study was conducted to evaluate the dynamic mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, resonant frequency and interanal friction) of compression wood in Pinus densiflora. Vibration method was used for estimation of dynamic modulus of elasticity and the values were compared to those of static bending modulus of elasticity. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of compression wood decreased, whereas that of normal wood increased, with increasing specific gravity. 2. The resonant frequency of compression wood decreased, whereas that of normal wood increased, with increasing specific gravity. 3. The internal friction of compression wood increased with increasing specific gravity. 4. The correlation coefficients between dynamic and static moduli of elasticity in compression and normal woods were high.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.474-479
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• 2009

Pinus koraiensis inner bark was collected and extracted with 95% ethanol. The extracts were concentrated and then sequentially fractionated using n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, and $H_2O$ to be freeze dried. A portion of EtOAc fraction (6.6 g) was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using aqueous methanol to isolate (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), and trans-pinostilbenoside (3). Resveratrol (4) and trans-pinostilbene (5) were isolated by column chromatography using EtOH-hexane mixture after purification with aqueous methanol. The structures of these stilbenosides and flavans were characterized by spectroscopic tools using NMR and MS.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2 s.130
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• pp.17-23
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• 2005

Juvenile and transitional-juvenile wood samples from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) were immersed in water to investigate longitudinal and tangential swelling properties. Increment cores from twenty-six loblolly pine trees were sampled at breast height (1.37 m). Earlywood rings 5 and 9 were separated from the core, extracted, oven-dried and immersed in water at room temperature. The variance in longitudinal swell was significant for ring 5 compared to ring 9 (p = 0.001). It was found that tangential swell might predict longitudinal swelling of juvenile wood at ring 9 but not at ring 5. Poor correlation in ring 5 suggests that swelling response in younger juvenile wood may differ. The swell response at ring 5 did not follow the shrinkage models discussed in the literature while ring 9 adhered to the expected curve.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 1996

To elucidate the structure of procyanidin in Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.), bark, the extractives were extracted with acetone-water mixture(7:3, v/v) from inner bark of Korean red pine. The extracts separated three fractions which were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. The extracting solvents were chloroform and ethyl acetate and water. The part of ethylacetate soluble was chromatographed by liquid chromatography. The ethylacetate soluble portion yielded four natural procyanidin dimers, two known epicatechin-($4{\beta}{\rightarrow}6$)-catechin, catechin-($4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8$)-catechin and two unknown catechin-($4{\beta}{\rightarrow}6$)-catechin and conformational isomer of epicatechin-($4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}6$)-catechin. The additional catechins was also isolated. The structures of these procyanidins were elucidated by their $^{13}C$-NMR spectra.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.191-195
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the different effects of ectomycorrhizal fungal (ECMF) species on the growth of seedlings of Pinus densiflora, and the effects of ECMF diversity on plant productivity. A total of five species of ECMF were isolated from root tips of pine seedlings collected from Mt. Songni and used as inocula. Pots containing pine seedlings were inoculated with either a single ECMF species or a mixture of five ECMF species. All of the seedlings formed ECM on their roots except for the control plants. The pine seedlings' growth responses varied by the different ECMF species. Also, pine seedlings inoculated with a mixture of five ECMF species showed the highest growth response. The results of the study suggest that the colonization of diverse species of ECMF will increase plant productivity, and the selection of suitable ECMF species could be an important factor for plant growth.