• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2010

주거 건축 및 가구산업의 자재로써 합성목재(Wood-Plastic Composites)는 점차 각광받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 합성목재의 연소특성을 살펴보기 위하여 한계산소지수 측정(ASTM D 2863) 및 콘칼로리미터 시험(ISO 5660-1)을 실시하였으며 또한 일반목재인 적송과 방부 처리를 한 방부목에 대하여도 동일한 시험을 통하여 합성목재와의 연소특성을 비교.검토하였다. 한계산소지수 측정결과 합성목재가 적송 및 방부목에 비해 낮게 측정되었다. 콘칼로리미터 시험결과 합성목재의 열방출률이 가장 높았고 또한, 최대 열방출률 및 평균 열방출률, 총 방출열량도 적송 및 방부목에 비해 높게 나타났다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 최근 조경 및 건축자재로서 각광받고 있는 합성목재의 화재위험성을 알아보기 위하여 콘칼로리미터 실험과 연기밀도 실험 장치를 이용하여 연기밀도 특성을 살펴보았다. 일반목재인 적송과 방부처리를 한 방부목에 대하여도 동일한 실험을 통하여 합성목재와의 연기밀도 특성을 비교하였다. 콘칼로리미터 실험결과 CO 및 $CO_2$ 발생량과 총 연기 발생량 값은 적송 및 방부목에 비해 합성목재가 높게 나타났다. 또한 연기밀도 실험 장치를 통한 최대연기밀도(Dm) 결과에서도 합성목재가 적송 및 방부목에 비해 높게 나타났다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제35권2호통권98호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2002

인공부영양화 실험실에서 조류를 대량 증식 시켜 초기세포수의 농도가 $10^4\;cells/ml$가 되게 한 후 잣잎, 솔잎, 은행잎은 각각 0.5 g/l를 투여하였고 애기마름은 0.3 g/l를 투여하여 조류제어 효과를 실험하였다. 그리고 북한강 인근의 바지선에 현장 조류제어 실험조를 설치하여 남조류(Microcystis)가 최대로 증식할 때 솔잎은 0.3 g/l를 투여하여 조류제어 실험을 수행하였다. 인공실험지에서는 잣잎과 솔잎은 Chl-3와 조류세포수 모두 평균 65%의 억제 효율을 보여 비교적 양호한 효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 은행잎은 Chl-a는 33%, 조류세포수는 55%로 잣잎과 솔잎에 비하여 조류제어 효과가 다소 감소하였다. 애기마름도 0.1 g/l와 0.3 g/l로 투여량과는 거의 상관없이 Chl-a늘 34%, 조류세포수는 $55{\sim}67%$의 조류증식 억제 효과를 보였다. 5현장 실험조에서는 초기 Chl-a농도는 $70{\sim}90\;{\mu}g/l$로 비교적 높은 농포를 보였으며 우점조류는 남조류인 Microcystis이었다. 솔잎은 Chl-a로보았을 때는 74%, 조류세포수는 83%의 조류제어효과를 보였다. 은행잎은 Chl-a로 보았을 때는 40%, 조류세포수는 65%로 솔잎 투여에 비해서는 조류 증식억제 효과가 감소하였다. 식물체를 이용한 조류제어실칩 결과 솔잎이 현장에서 조류제어 효과가 가장 좋은 것으로 분석되었고 투여량은 0.3 g/l가 이상적이며 다음이 잣잎 0.5 g/l가 비교적 양호한 효과를 보였다. 솔잎 투여량은 0.3 g/l에서 $70{\sim}80%$의 조류제어 효과를 나타내었고 독소량도 80%이상 제거되었다. 한편 은행잎과 애기마름은 조류제어 효과는 있는 것으로 추정되나 투여량은 추가적으로 실험을 더 수행해야 결정할 수 있을 것으로 본다. 식물체내 유기화합물 분석결과 조류제어에 효과가 있는 페놀 성분이 검출되었고 식물체 생태독성시험 결과 식물체 투여량은 $1{\sim}5\;g/l$가 적정한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.85-95
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• 1994

This study was performed to find out the detoxication effects of natural products Thuja orientalis, leaf of acorn, aloe ferox mill, pine cone, pine root, lonicerae flos on nickel toxicity. The experimental rats were divided into 3 groups such as nickel alone treatment group, natural products treatment groups before and after nickel treatments. Each group was administered with difference dose of nickel such as 6.6 mg/kg/day, 13.2 mg/kg/day, 19.8 mg/kg/day respectively, for 14 days. Natural products were administered by 400 mg per kilogram body weight rat per day. The weight change of rats, nickel concentration in organs, survival rate of rats, morphology of organs were observed in the experimental groups. The results obtained by the experiment were as follows: 1. The rats in the group treated with natural products had no effect on the weight gain. 2. The mean survival rate of rats in the nickel alone treatment group was 72.5% (6.6 mg/kg/day), 68.9% (13.2 mg/kg/day), 60.2% (19.8 mg/kg/day) respectively. 3. As for the amount of nickel accumulation in organs, it was the lowest amount treated with pine cone, pine root in that order. 4. When kidney and liver tissues were observed with as optical microscope, obvious change were visible in those tissues treated groups with Lonicerae and Aloe.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2004

Loess, PAC, MACF and plants were applied to the control of the phytoplankton bloom in laboratory and in field, In field experiment using oil fence, 5ppm concentration of coagulant(PAC) was observed to be effective in controlling the cyanobacterial bloom, resulting in 90% removal of cyanobacteria and phytoplankton from the water column, hi case of Synedra sp., however, only 50% of biomass decreased with the same PAC concentration. MACF(micro-air bubble coagulation and floating), a kind of physicochemical method, was applied to the column of the Kyongan stream and resulted in over 80% chlorophyll a and 73.5% TP removal, Chlorophyll a and total phosphorus were effectively removed from water body when 2.0 g/L of loess with the particle radius of 125 ${\mu}m$ was inputted. In case of experiments involving plants, big cone pine, gingko, and pine needle were observed to be effective in restraining phytoplankton bloom at 0.5g/200ml level. During a field test done at Kyungan stream, where Microcystis heavily occurred, Pine needle and big cone pine were observed to be effective on suppressing algal growth.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 2002년도 VIII 세계생태학대회
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• pp.79-82
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• 2002

Main attackers on pine seeds on the forest floor were investigated in Korea. Damage on pine cones begins in early stage of cone formation, especially by squirrel and Korean squirrel. The above animals left Kayak-like hulls of seed on rocks and fallen tree trunk. Field mice also left the same shape of Kayak-like hulls. But birds including doves and peasants left large shreds with longitudinal cracks or seed cup trace. Most of seeds on the leaf litters as well as under the fallen leaf were consumed by fold mice and birds. Especially fold mice found the seeds under fallen leaves and consumed all of them.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.213-216
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• 2002

Main attackers on pine seeds on the forest floor were investigated in Korea. Damage on pine cones begins in early stage of cone formation, especially by squirrel and Korean squirrel. The above animals left Kayak-like hulls of seed on rocks and fallen tree trunk. Field mice also left the same shape of Kayak-like hulls. But birds including doves and peasants left large shreds with longitudinal cracks or seed cup trace. Most of seeds on the leaf litters as well as under the fallen leaf were consumed by field mice and birds. Especially field mice found the seeds under fallen leaves and consumed all of them.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2017

이 연구에서는 4종의 삼나무, 스프러스, 나왕, 레드파인 시험편을 콘칼로리미터(Cone calorimeter, ISO 5660-1, 2)와 연기밀도시험기(ASTM E 662)를 이용하여 연소성을 시험하였다. 그 결과, 삼나무가 착화시간이 가장 빨랐고 평균열방출율($HRR_{mean}$)이 $58.52kW/m^2$으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 레드파인의 평균열방출율($HRR_{mean}$)이 $71.75kW/m^2$으로 가장 높게 나타났다. CO 발생량에서는 나왕과 삼나무가 가장 많이 발생하였고, 반대로 $CO_2$ 발생량에서는 레드파인과 스프러스가 가장 많이 발생하였다. 동적방법에서의 총연기방출율은 레드파인이 연기가 가장 많이 발생하였고, 스프러스가 가장 적게 발생하였다. 정적방법에서의 연기밀도는 레드파인이 훈소(Non-flaming) 방식과 불꽃(Flaming) 방식에서 가장 높았다. 나왕은 훈소(Non-flaming) 방식에서 2번째로 연기가 많이 발생한 데 반하여 불꽃(Flaming) 방식에서는 가장 적게 발생한 것을 알 수 있었다. 열방출율 측면에서 화재위험성은 4가지 시험편 중 레드파인이 가장 높았다. 연기발생 관점으로 보아도 동적인 방식과 정적인 방식 모두 레드파인이 화재 위험성이 가장 높은 재료였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.245-249
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• 1995

In this study power requirements to saw shoots with circular saw were determined by measuring and analyzing the required maximum torque to provide the information for the mechanization of Korean pine cone harvest. Two levels of feed rate of shoots, 10.4mm/s and 20.8mm/s, three levels of sawing speed 5.8㎧, 11.6㎧, and 17.4㎧, and 14 levels of shoot diameter from 7.7 to 18.1mm were used as variables. 1) The maximum torques were significantly affected by all three variables. The average maximum torque, 18.2 N-cm for feed rate of 20.Bmm/s was greater as much as 80% of 10.1 N-cm for feed rate of 10.4mm/s. 2) As the sawing speed was increased from 5.8㎧ to 11.6㎧ and 17.4㎧, the maximum torques were decreased to 14.8N-cm, 8.5N-cm, and 7.IN-cm, respectively when the feed rate was 10.4mm/s. The maximum torque ranged from 4.5 to 19.3N-cm as shoot diameter increased from 7.7 to 18.1mm. The minimum power requirements to saw shoots of 18.1mm with circular saw was 30W for the feed rate of 10.4mm/s. 3) The maximum torques were 28.6N-cm, 14.6N-cm, and 11.4N-cm when sawing speeds were 5.8㎧, 11.6㎧, and 17.4㎧, respectively when the feed rate was 20.8mm/s and these torques were increased as much as 93%, 36%, and 61% of those for the feed rate of 10.4mm/s. The maximum torque increased from 9.7N-cm to 30.7N-cm as shoot diameter increased from 7.7 to 18.1mm. The minimum power requirements to saw shoots of 18.1mm was 54W which was 1.8 times of 30W for the feed rate of 10.4mm/s.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2018

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is widely distributed in the southern part of the United States and it has been used as a major economic species in the region due to its excellent growth and stem straightness. The tree also grows only in the southern part of Korea because it is susceptible to cold. Recently climate changes have had widespread impacts on forest trees. Thus, the use of good quality seeds is prerequisite for assessing assisted migration adaptation trial. In this study, we conducted to investigate its cone and seed characteristics of each family, which is expected to improve seeds productivity for planting valuable timber trees. A total of 14 families were selected from the experimental forest in Boseong, Jeonnam province in 1981. The seed production capacity was estimated to range from 87.2 to 129.4 among families and the average was 111.3. The number of aborted ovules was investigated in the range of 11.4 to 29.5 for the first test and 7.4 to 22.2 for the second test. The average number of empty and filled seeds was 1.4 and 79.2 per cone, respectively. Based on the results, we can conclude that there is a strong correlation between the number of fertile scale and the seed production ability.