• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.62-66
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• 2009

Purpose: Despite the free tissue transfer using microsurgical technique being the current trend of soft tissue reconstruction of the hand, the pedicled groin flap has the advantage to provide coverage for the mangled hand without necessitating the use of a damaged arterial system and also providing the benefit of saving the arterial system for later free tissue transfer. This report presents the author's experience using pedicled groin flap in four cases of mangled hands with massive bone and soft tissue defects requiring later thumb reconstruction with the free wrap around flap. Materials and methods: The patients' age ranged from 30 to 51 years; three patients were male and one was female. The causes of mangled hand included two machinery crush injuries, one laboratory explosion and one motor vehicle accident. While evaluating the post-operative results, factors like flap survival, complications, stability in opposition, pinch power and 2 point discrimination were taken into account. Results: All massive soft tissue defects of the hands were completely covered with pedicled groin flap successfully. The reconstructed thumb using free wrap around flap did not have any limitation in opposition. There was no occurrence of post-operative infection and all the flaps survived completely. The average pinch power was 70% of the contralateral intact thumb and average 2 point discrimination was 10 mm. Conclusion: The pedicled groin flap for the reconstruction of the massive soft tissue defects of the hand with subsequent reconstruction of the thumb with a wrap around flap is a very useful procedure. The combined use of pedicled groin flap and wrap around flap allows adequate coverage of sizable soft tissue defects and functional thumb opposition in cases of reconstruction of the mangled hands.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2010

Background: Pamidronate is a potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Recently, the drug has been known to relieve bone pain. We hypothesized that direct epidural administration of pamidronate could have various advantages over oral administration with respect to dosage, side effects, and efficacy. Therefore, we evaluated the neuronal safety of epidurally-administered pamidronate. Methods: Twenty-seven rats weighing 250-350 g were equally divided into 3 groups. Each group received an epidural administration with either 0.3 ml (3.75 mg) of pamidronate (group P), 0.3 ml of 40% alcohol (group A), or 0.3 ml of normal saline (group N). A Pinch-toe test, motor function evaluation, and histopathologic examination of the spinal cord to detect conditions such as chromatolysis, meningeal inflammation, and neuritis, were performed on the 2nd, 7th, and 21st day following administration of each drug. Results: All rats in group A showed an abnormal response to the pinch-toe test and decreased motor function during the entire evaluation period. Abnormal histopathologic findings, including neuritis and meningeal inflammation were observed only in group A rats. Rats in group P, with the exception of 1, and group N showed no significant sensory/motor dysfunction over a 3-week observation period. No histopathologic changes were observed in groups P and N. Conclusions: Direct epidural injection of pamidronate (about 12.5 mg/kg) showed no neurotoxic evidence in terms of sensory/motor function evaluation and histopathologic examination.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 1997

Capsaicin is known to be an analgesic agent, affecting the synthesis, storage, , transport and release of substance p, the principal neurotransmitter of pain from periphery to the central nervous system(CNS). DA-5018, a newly synthesized capsaicin derivative has shown potent analgesic effect comparable to that of morphine in various rat models of experimentally inducted acute pairs. In this study the mechanism of analgesic actlvity of DA-5018 was examined. First, the electrically-evoked contraction of guinea pig trachea was inhibited by DA-5018 and these inhibition was recovered by incubation with capsafepine(3$\muM$), capsaicin receptor antagonist and this result suggested that DA-5018 has affinity on capsaicin receptor. The correlation between the norciceptive threshold and the release of substance P was evaluated. In vivo perfusion of slices of the rat spinal cord with DA-5018(10, 100$\muM$) produced a significant increase of the release of substance P and this increase was less than that of capsaicin(10$\muM$). The norciceptive threshold of rat treated with DA-5018(1 mg/kg, p.o) in tall pinch test increased from 2.9$\pm$0.3 to 23.5 $\pm$6.61. Tail pinch latency increased to a maximun at 15 min after DA-5018 treatment and then declined to control values by 120 min. The capsaicin-evoked release ot substance P from the spinal cord slices of rat treated with DA-5018 reduced from 2.38$\pm$ 0.79 to 0.69$\pm$ 0.26 pg/mg wet weight. This reduction reached to a minium at 15 min after DA-5018 treatment and then recovered to control value by 120 min. These results mean that analgesic activity of DA-5018 is due to release of substance P The effect of DA-5018 cream on electrically-evoked neurogenic inflammation of rat saphenous nerve was compared with capsaicin (zostrix-HP). DA-5018 showed 34% inhibition of the neurogenic extravasation while capsaicin showed significant 67% inhibition. This result indicates that the potency of DA-5018 in the release of substance P is less than that of capsaicin. These results suggest that the release of substance P is partially involved in the mechanism of analgesic action of DA-50l8.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2005

Purpose: Complete rupture of metacarpophalangeal ulnar collateral ligament of thumb needs surgical exploration and repair, owing to the interposition of the adductor aponeurosis (Stener lesion) which interferes in healing process. We performed arthroscopic diagnosis and treatment on ulnar collateral ligament injury of thumb and evaluated it's efficiency. Materials and Methods: Arthroscopy was perfomed on 13 patients of whom injured on complete ruture of metacarpophalangeal ulnar collateral ligament. Follow-up period was over 1 year and mean age was 35.6 years old. Ulnar collateral ligament tears and Stener lesion were diagnosed and treated by arthroscopy procedure. Results were interpreted by joint instability, pinch power, grip power and range of motion on metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb. Results: We found 5 Stener lesions in 13 cases. There was no appreciable postoperative instability. Pinch and grip power were recovered to 92%, 94% of uninjured thumb respectively. Range of motion on metacarpophalangeal joint was mean $52^{\circ}$, almost equal to uninjured thumb. Conclusions: Arthroscopic treatment in metacapophalangeal ulnar collateral ligament injury of thumb is useful method that Stener lesion can be clearly comfirmed and treated. Also soft tissue injuries can be minimized, thereby early functional recovery can be expected.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2013

Purpose : We intend to make the study date for an effect of therapy by comparing the functional level both before and after conducting handwriting training and strength training as a part of treatment to improve muscle strength and function of the patient's non-dominant hand. Method : 8 subjects in writing training group conducted hand writing training 30 minutes at once and three times a week for 4 weeks in total 12 times, and 8 subjects in muscle training group conducted muscle training program of putty and Rolyan ergonomic hand exerciser for 15 minutes respectively in sum up 30 minutes at once and three times a week for 4 weeks in total 12 times. 8 subjects in control group are not applied any training for 4 weeks. Results : It was much more effective in handwriting training than muscle strength training by Grooved pegboard because this study showed the speed decrease from 67.11 to 58.26 seconds in handwriting compared with muscle strength training which showed 5.22 seconds decrease from 67.54 to 62.32(P<.05). It showed about 1.34 muscle strength improvement from 6.60 to 7.94 in handwriting training and 0.92 improvement of muscle strength from 7.04 to 7.96 in muscle strength training by 3-jaw chuck pinch, so handwriting training was more effective(P<.05). It showed 11.58 seconds decrease in handwriting training from 26.62 to 18.01 seconds and 10.93 seconds decrease from 27.43 to 16.50 seconds in muscle strength training, so it was significantly shortened both in handwriting and muscle strength training(P<.05). Conclusion : Dexterity, muscle strength, and handwriting ability of non-dominant hand could improve both the handwriting training and the muscle strength training.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was establishing clinical norms of TEMPA Korean version for Korean adult population in addition to identifying characteristics of hand function by age and gender based on the collected data. Methods : A total of 138 healthy adults between ages 20 and 59 were recruited by continuous sampling. All subjects had been employed TEMPA Korean version and Jarmar dynamometer and pinch gauge to evaluate hand function and strength. Results : The results showed that there were no statistically significant difference in overall hand function among the age groups and between genders. Also, while there were no significant differences in overall speed and qualitative movement, age groups of 40s and 50s showed a declining tendency in speed in some of the tasks. Also, hand strength increases up to 40s and start declining from the 50s, but most results did not show significant differences among the age groups. Conclusion : Normative data of TEMPA Korean version for Korean adult population was established, therefore, it can be used in clinical setting and research as evidence based. Furthermore, occupational therapists need to consider about the signs of decline in hand function and strength in middle-aged adults and to provide education programs to maintain their hand function.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.691-695
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• 2007

Background: The introduction of central venous catheters in 1979 has aided the administration of chemotherapy to oncologic patients. We analyzed the clinical reviews and complications of totally implantable venous catheters in an effort to achieve optimal management. Material and Method: We retrospectively studied 100 cases with totally implantable venous catheter at our hospital and we report the results. Result: 100 totally implantable venous catheters were placed in the right subclavian vein in 74 cases (74%), the left subclavian vein in 21 cases, the right jugular vein in 3 cases, the left jugular vein in 1 case and the right femoral vein in 1 case. The immediate complications were 5 cases in malposition of the catheter and 5 cases of arterial puncture. The late complications were 1 case of subclavian vein thrombosis, which was treated with anticoagulation, and 2 cases of pinch-of syndrome. There were no other early or late complications. Conclusion: The low rate of complications in this study confirms the safety and convenience of using totally implantable venous catheter in patients undergoing prolonged chemotherapy. Yet because Infection, thrombosis, and catheter fracture are the most common long term complications of totally implantable venous catheters, early diagnosis and management of these problems can prevent severe complications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.480-480
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• 2008

Vacuum circuit breaker(VCB) is now emerging as an alternative of gas circuit breaker(GCB) which uses SF6 gas as insulating material whose dielectric strength is outstanding. But we have to reduce SF6 gas because SF6 gas is one of greenhouse gas and efforts to reduce greenhouse gas are now trend of the world. Therefore, we can say VCB is the optimal alternative of GCB because vacuum is environmentally friendly. The vacuum interrupter is the core part of VCB to interrupt arcing current. There are mainly two methods to extinguish arc. One is radial magnetic field (RMF) method and the other is axial magnetic field (AMF) method. We deals with RMF method in this paper. Compared with AMP, RMF arc quenching method has different principle to extinguish arc. In case of RMF method, pinch effect is much larger than AMF method. Because of pinch effect RMF type contact electrodes have the single large spot which is severly damaged and melted while AMF type contact electrodes have small and multiple spots which are slightly damaged and melted. To prevent contact electrode being damaged and melted from high temperature-arc, RMF method uses Lorentz force to move arc. In this paper we calculated and compared the arc driving force of two cases and we analyzed the force acting on each part of arc by means of commercial finite element method software Maxwell 3D. They have 3petals and we considered two cases. One is the case when fixed(upper) and movable(lower) contacts are in mirror arrangement (Case 1). The other is the case when one of two contacts (movable contact) is revolved at maximum angle as possible as it can be (Case 2). And at each case above, we analyzed arc driving force at two positions, position 1 is the closest to the center of contact and position 2 is near the edge of petal on fixed contact. As a result we could find that Case 2 generated stronger arc driving force than Case 1 at position 1. But at position 2 Case 1 generated stronger arc driving force than Case 2. This simulation method can contribute to optimizing spiral-type electrode designs in a view of arc driving force.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1167-1172
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• 2013

This paper presents a X-band doppler radar with high conversion gain using a self-oscillating-mixer(SOM) that oscillation and frequency mixing is realized at the same time. To improve phase noise of the SOM oscillator, a ${\lambda}/2$ slotted square patch resonator(SSPR) was proposed, which shows high Q-factor of 175.4 and the 50 % reduced circuit area compared to the conventional resonator. To implement the low power system, low biasing voltage of 1.7 V was supplied. To enhance the conversion gain of the SOM, bias circuit is configured near the pinch-off region of transistor, and the conversion gain was optimized. The output power of the proposed SOM was -3.16 dBm at 10.65 GHz. A high conversion gain of 9.48 dB was obtained whereas DC Power consumption is relatively low about 7.65 mW. The phase noise is -90.91 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset. The figure-of-merit(FOM) of the proposed SOM was measured as -181.8 dBc/Hz, which is supplier to other SOMs by more than about 7 dB.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5364-5371
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• 2015

The purpose of the study is to prevent pain and malfunction of the hand by correcting the angle of holding a smartphone. Subjects comprised of 21 healthy students. This research was conducted from April 21 2014 to April 27 2014. The three groups were as follows: first group included 7 students who held the phone at an angle of 90 degrees without a sling, and second group included 7 students who held the smartphone at an angle of 90 degrees with a sling; and the third group included 7 students who held the smartphone at an angle of 120 degrees with a sling. VAS was measured through the Finkelstein Test. Also, pain rating and muscle strength were assessed four times 30 minutes before and after the experiment for one and a half hour with pinch grip, dynamometer, and visual analogue scale. Smartphone was used. In all of the measurements, period showed a significant difference (p<.05) between both sides and a significant difference was not found between the group. In the time ${\times}$ group, pain score and grip strength were significantly different in the right side only (p<.05). According to the results of this experiment, providing support to the hand helps to increase the hand function by reducing the stress.