• Title/Summary/Keyword: pin-on-disc test

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Friction and Wear Behaviors of WC-Co/WC-Co Pairs in Air

  • Hosokawa, H.;Nakajima, T.;Shimojima, K.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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    • 2006.09a
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    • pp.629-630
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    • 2006
  • To investigate sliding friction and wear behaviors of WC-Co/WC-Co pairs containing different WC grain sizes, the ball-on-disc test in air were carried out, where WC grain sizes a $0.5\;{\mu}m$ (F.G.) and $1.5\;{\mu}m$ (C.G.). The wear volume of F.G. pin for F.G. pin/C.G. disc is larger than that of F.G. pin for F.G. pin/F.G. disc due to higher friction coefficient, and the surfaces after wear test are richer in oxygen compared to those before test. Furthermore, the wear debris, which is composed of nona-scale grain, after the wear test are remarkably richer in oxygen than to those before test.

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Analysis of Sliding Wear Behavior of Mild Steel According to Hardness of Dissimilar Mating Materials (이종 상대재 경도에 따른 철강재료의 미끄럼 마모 특성 해석)

  • Lee, Han-Young
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.195-200
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    • 2016
  • This study examines the wear behavior of mild steel pins mated against alloyed tool steel discs in a pin-on-disc type sliding test machine and provides specific clarification regarding the effects of disc hardness on the wear behavior of a mating mild steel pin. The analysis confirms these effects through the observation of differences in the wear rates of the mild steel pins at low sliding speed ranges. These differences occur even though the hardness of the mating disc does not affect the wear characteristic curve patterns for the sliding speeds, regardless of the wear regime. In the running-in wear regime, increasing the hardness of the mating disc results in a decrease in the wear rates of the mild steel pins at low sliding speed ranges. However, in the steady-state wear region, the wear rate of a pin mated against the 42DISC is greater than the wear rate of a pin mated against the 30DISC, which has a lower hardness value. This means that the tribochemical reactivity of the mating disc, which is based on hardness value, influences the wear behavior of mild steel at low sliding speed ranges. In particular, oxides with higher oxygen contents, such as $Fe_2O_3$ oxides, form predominantly on the worn surface of the 42DISC. On the contrary, the wear behavior of mild steel pins at high sliding speed ranges is nearly unaffected by the hardness of the mating disc.

Quantitative Evaluation of Scratch Related Tool Life for Stamping of UHSS Using Pin-on-Flat Surface Test (Pin-on-Flat Surface Test를 이용한 초고장력강판 스탬핑 금형의 정량적 스크래치 수명평가)

  • Choi, H.S.;Kim, S.G.;Kim, B.M.;Ko, D.C.
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.86-92
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    • 2013
  • When stamping ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS), the phenomenon of galling, which corresponds to a transfer of material from the sheet to the tool surface, occurs because of the high contact pressure between tool and workpiece. Galling leads to increased friction, unstable interface conditions, scratches on the sheet and the tool surfaces and, eventually, premature tool surface failures. Therefore, a simple and accurate evaluation method for tool scratching is necessary for the selection of tool material and coating, as well as for a better optimization of process conditions such as blank holder force and die radius. In this study, the pin-on-disc (PODT) and pin-on-flat surface (POFST) tests are conducted to quantitatively evaluate scratch-related tool life for stamping of UHSS. The variation of the friction coefficient is used as an indicator of scratch resulted from galling. The U-channel ironing test (UCIT) is performed in order to validate the results of the friction tests. This study shows that the POFST test provides a good quantitative estimation of tool life based on the occurrence of scratch.

Solid Core Suspension Disc Insulators Preventing Puncture Caused by Steep Front Surge Voltage

  • Sangkasaad, Samruay
    • KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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    • v.3C no.5
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    • pp.165-170
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    • 2003
  • This paper presents development of solid core suspension disc insulators (cap and cap suspension disc insulator) for replacing cap and pin suspension disc insulators in overhead transmission and distribution lines which expose to lightning discharges. By this means the punctured problem caused by steep front surge voltage created by lightning discharge on the lines can be solved. The solid core suspension insulator was designed and constructed based on the dimensions of conventional suspension disc insulators (cap and pin insulators). The insulators are made of alumina porcelain. The electrical and mechanical characteristics of the solid core suspension insulators were carried out. The puncture test was performed in the air by applying steep front impulse voltage with amplitude about 2.5 per unit of 50% flashover (CFO) of the insulator unit at negative standard lightning impulse $1.2/50\;\mu\textrm{s}$ with steepness up to $9200\;kV/\mu\textrm{s}$. The testing results show that solid core suspension disc insulators are not punctured eventhough the steepness of the steep front impulse voltage was increased up to $9200\;kV/\mu\textrm{s}$.

Tribological Properties of DLC for Die Applications

  • Lee, Kyu-Yong;Liu, Zhen-Hua
    • Design & Manufacturing
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.24-28
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    • 2012
  • Friction and wear affect all processes involved in the extraction of materials and their conversion into finished products in the die applications such as drawing, extrusion etc. Originating phenomenon from the contact surface between the tool and workpiece, they are usually a hindrance to materials process operations which usually result in damaging the tools, increasing energy consumption, the contamination of processed material by wear particles and also some problems associated with technologies to control friction and wear. The most well established method to control friction and wear is by the application of lubricant such as fluorocarbon. Besides, a surface technique so-called surface modification can be applied to solve the tribology problems of the die applications for both the economical and ecological reasons. In this article, we applied DLC(diamond-like carbon) thin film on alumina ceramic for HT test using the PIID(plasma ion immersion deposition), 4 groups of test specimens were tested up to $200^{\circ}C$ which is a little higher than the normal working temperature of die application. Pin-on-disc tribo-tester was used to test the friction and surfaces were characterized by SEM and EDS and else, the morphology changes of DLC coatings were studied. The present work indicated that the DLC had a great potential to reduce the friction and wear in the alumina die application without lubricants.

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Comparison of Wear Amount of Surface Coating Layers on Dies for Cold-Stamped Products with MART1470 (MART1470 판재 냉간 프레스 성형용 금형 코팅층의 마모량 비교)

  • Son, M.K.;Kim, S.H.
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.11-16
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    • 2022
  • In this paper, wear characteristics of PVD coatings were compared on the die surface for cold stamping of MART1470 steel sheet with the finite element analysis and the pin-on-disc wear test. Three types of PVD coatings (CrN, TiAlCrN, and MoS2TiCr(W)N) were considered for the tool surface made of STD11 material. The stamping process of an auto-body part was analyzed with the finite element method. Ranges of process variables for the wear test such as contact pressure, relative speed, and sliding distance were predicted from analysis results. In order to quantitatively analyze wear characteristics of each coating, the amount of wear was measured and compared according to process variables with the pin-on-disc wear test. The influence of each process variable was investigated and the wear characteristics of the three coating layers were quantitatively compared. It was confirmed that the wear characteristics of MoS2TiCr(W)N coating were better than those of CrN and TiAlCrN. It was noted that the proposed prediction approach could predict and respond to the wear phenomenon occurring in the stamping process.

A Study on the Rail Materials Technology for Subway Based on its Sliding Wear Behavior (지하철 레일의 미끄럼 마모거동을 고려한 재료설계에 대한 고찰)

  • Lee, Han-Young
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.364-369
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    • 2014
  • To assess the wear behavior of rails against subway rail car wheels, we investigate the sliding wear behavior of pins derived from two types of rails (normal rails and heat-treated rails) against a disc derived from a subway rail car wheel, using a pin-on-disc-type tribometer. We base the sliding wear test conditions on the sliding conditions for wheel flange-rail gauge corner contact. We demonstrate the remarkable transition in the wear behavior of the pins derived from the rails, from severe wear to mild wear, as a function of the sliding distance. The wear rate of the heat-treated rail material in the running-in wear region is much lower than that of the normal rail material. Furthermore, the wear rates of the pins in the running-in wear region decrease with increasing hardness and with decreasing sliding speed. However, there is little difference between the heat-treated rail pin and the normal rail pin in the wear rate in the steady-state wear region. Stricter controls on the decarburized layer beneath the surface of rails are required to reduce the wear rate in the running-in wear region.

Investigation of Friction Noise with Respect to Friction Curve by Using FEM and Its Validation (마찰 곡선을 고려한 Pin-on-disk 마찰소음 해석 및 검증)

  • Nam, Jaehyun;Kang, Jaeyoung
    • Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.28-34
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    • 2014
  • This study provides the numerical finite-element method(FEM) estimating the friction noise induced by the negative slope in the friction-velocity curve. The friction noise due to the friction-velocity curve is experimentally investigated through the pin-on-disk setup. The measured squeal frequency is estimated by FEM. The friction curve is measured by the friction test, then it is applied to the complex eigenvalue analysis. The results shows that the experimental squeal frequency can be determined by the FEM analysis. Also, it is emphasized that the negative friction-velocity slope is essential in generating friction noise in the pin-on-disc system.

Effects of Corrosion Resistance Characteristics of Opponent Materials in relative Motion on Sliding Wear Behavior of Mild Carbon Steel (상대재 내식성이 철강재료의 미끄럼마모 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Han-Young
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.139-147
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    • 2019
  • This study investigates the effects of corrosion resistance characteristics of opponent materials in relative motion on the sliding wear behavior of mild carbon steel. Pin specimens made of mild carbon steel are tested at several sliding speeds against mating discs made of two types of alloyed steels, such as type D2 tool steel (STD11) and type 420 stainless steel (STS420J2), with different corrosion resistance characteristics in a pin-on-disc type sliding wear test machine. The results clearly show that the sliding wear behavior of mild carbon steel is influenced by the corrosion resistance characteristics of the mating disc materials at low sliding speeds. However, the sliding wear behavior at high sliding speeds is irrelevant to the characteristics because of the rising temperature. During the steady state wear period, the sliding wear rate of mild carbon steel against the type 420 stainless steel at a sliding speed of 0.5 m/s increases considerably unlike against the type D2 tool steel. This may be because the better corrosion resistance characteristics achieve a worse tribochemical reactivity. However, during the running-in wear period at low sliding speeds, the wear behavior of mild carbon steel is influenced by the microstructure after heat treatment of the mating disc materials rather than by their corrosion resistance characteristics.