• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.166-169
• /
• 2002

Twenty strains of Cryptococcus neoformams isolated from environmental and clinical sources in Korea were examined for their serotypes. Two environmental isolates from pigeon excreta belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans serotypes A. Of the 18 isolates from clinical specimens, 17 belonged to C. neoformans vats, neoiomans (serotype A : 16, serotype D : 1) and one belonged to C. neoformans vats, gattii serotype B, which was culturally unusual, producing mucous colonies. This is the first report of the identification of C. neoformans roar, gattii serotype B from a patient in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.77-81
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of helminths parasites from collected fecal samples of 410 feral pigeons (Columba livia) in 3 different areas of Gwangjin-gu, Seongdong-gu and Dongdaemun-gu in Seoul from December, 2011 to July, 2012 in Korea. The fecal samples were examined through by the centrifugation method using formalin-ether solution. The overall prevalence of parasites in the pigeons was 29.27% (120/410). Two nematodes (Tetrameres spp. and Capillaria spp.) and one protozoa (Eimeria spp.) were identified. In the case of nematodes, Tetrameres spp. dominated numerically (58, 14.15%), followed by Capillaria spp. (10, 2.44%) and oocysts of Eimeria spp. were detected in 78 cases (19.02%). This investigation introduces the result of examination on the prevalence of parasites in feral pigeons from some areas in Seoul for the first time.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2007

Objectives : The objective of this study was to research delayed growth with acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. Methods : We search the oriental medical literature related to delayed growth, especially loose skull, pigeon chest(龜胸), turtle back(龜背), five kinds of flaccidity(五軟), five kinds of retardations(五遲) and infantile malnutrition(疳證). Results : 1. Loose skull is treated with moxibustion therapy of CV8(神厥) and two points(1.5cm upper and under of CV8) 2. Pigeon chest(龜胸) is treated with moxibustion therapy of GB38(外丘), ST18(乳根) and 6 points around of STl7(乳中). 3. Turtle back(龜背) is treated with moxibustion therapy of BLl3(肺兪), BL15(心兪) and BLl7(膈兪) 4. Acupuncture therapy of five kinds of flaccidity(五軟) was rare. but there are one case to stimulate Hwatahyeopcheok point using plum-blossom needle. 5. Five kinds of retardations(五遲) is treated with moxibustion therapy of BLl5(心兪) and two point of medial malleolus 6. Infantile malnutrition(疳證) is treated with acupuncture therapy of the spleen channel and stomach. channel, therapy using three-edged needle, cutting therapy(LUlO(魚際) and Sabong), moxibustion therapy(LRl3(章門) and BL2l(胃兪), and Ch'una therapy. Conclusion: We expect that acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of delayed growth will be applied practically in clinical medicine due to further study on delayed growth.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.333-336
• /
• 2017

Avian trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas gallinae is a serious protozoan disease worldwide. The domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) is the main host for T. gallinae and plays an important role in the spread of the disease. Based on the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA of this parasite, a pair of primers (TgF2/TgR2) was designed and used to develop a PCR assay for the diagnosis of T. gallinae infection in domestic pigeons. This approach allowed the identification of T. gallinae, and no amplicons were produced when using DNA from other common avian pathogens. The minimum amount of DNA detectable by the specific PCR assay developed in this study was 15 pg. Clinical samples from Guangzhou, China, were examined using this PCR assay and a standard microscopy method, and their molecular characteristics were determined by phylogenetic analysis. All of the T. gallinae-positive samples detected by microscopic examination were also detected as positive by the PCR assay. Most of the samples identified as negative by microscopic examination were detected as T. gallinae positive by the PCR assay and were confirmed by sequencing. The positive samples of T. gallinae collected from Guangzhou, China, were identified as T. gallinae genotype B by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, providing relevant data for studying the ecology and population genetic structures of trichomonads and for the prevention and control of the diseases they cause.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 2005

Variability in growth and sporulation of five isolates of Arthrobotrys dactyloides was studied on five agar, 6 bran and 5 grain media. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) supported maximum growth of isolate A, C and E, while growth of isolate Band D was significantly lower on this medium. On Czapek's agar and yeast glucose agar media the differentiation in the isolates in relation to growth was poor than PDA. The other two media showed much poorer differentiation. On Czapek's agar medium, sporulation was recorded in isolate B only, whereas other isolates showed rare sporulation. Among the bran media, pea bran agar medium supported maximum growth of all the isolates except isolate B. Gram and rice bran agar media were next best. However, the growth of isolate B on the gram bran agar medium was more or less equal as other isolates. On pigeon pea bran agar medium, isolate E failed to grow while other isolates recorded poor growth. On lentil bran agar medium, only isolate Band D recorded little growth, whereas other isolates failed to grow. All the isolates recorded good sporulation on bran agar media except pigeon pea and lentil bran agar media. The grain agar media supported moderate to very good growth of all the isolates. In general isolate B remained slow growing on these media except gram grain and sorghum grain agar media on which growth of this isolate was comparable to other isolates. Sporulation in general, was good on all the grain agar media. Among different substrates screened, barley grain and pea bran were found superior to others for mass culture of isolate A of A. dactyloides.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.46-48
• /
• 1980

A case of sparganosis was presented. Sparganosis is not infrequent tissue helminthiasis in Korea and the incidence has been evidently increased. The patient was a 50-year-old Korean male who had a habit of eating raw flesh of fresh water fish. He first noticed the appearance of two peanut-sized masses in the right subcostal region, however, the two masses enlarged gradually to a pigeon egg size during 5 years. On surgical exploration, one larva (61 cm in length and 4 to 6 mm in width) from two masses was extracted. It was moved actively in warm physiological saline solution.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.429-434
• /
• 2009

Environmental specimen bank (ESB) is a new tool to assess ecosystem in environmental impact assessment (EIA). ESB looks at changes in the concentration of pollutants in human and environmental specimens over long periods of time through retrospective analysis of archived samples. Korea started to design its National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) in 2007 and planned to launch an operational pilot project by 2010. NESB prepares five Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) of shoots of Red and Korean pine, leaves of Mongolian oak, Pigeon's egg, and Common carp's muscle out of 14 planned specimens in 2009. ESB contributes to monitoring the effectiveness of EIA projects and policies by providing a time capsule through ecosystem assessment of representative species. This study reviews ecosystem assessment in EIA and the ESB establishment in Korea and probes NESB applications in ecosystem assessment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.80-87
• /
• 1983

In an endeavour to elucidate effects of ginseng on some characteristics of enzymes, malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) was chosen as a model enzyme and effects of ginseng saponin on the enzyme such as optimum pH, product inhibition, optimum temperature and the activity was investigated. The product inhibition by NADH-a reaction product of the enzyme-was increased 33% by 0.3% ginseng saponin. And the optimum pH of the enzyme was 8.3 but in the presence of 0.3% ginseng saponin it increased to 8.5. The enzyme activity and the optimum temperature was not affected by ginseng saponin in the concentration of 1.0% and 0.3%, respectively. In this work, the possibility of contribution of ginseng saponin to the adaptogen activity is suggested; Potentiation of the regulatory activity of an enzyme may contribute to the normalization of the physiological state and consequently may increase the nonspecific resistance of an organism.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.88-93
• /
• 1983

Studies were carried out to elucidate the protein stabilizing effect of ginseng. Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) was used as a protein and the rate constant of the enzyme inactivation was determined under the heat denaturation condition. There was an optimum pH for the enzyme stability, the rate constant of the enzyme inactivation was minimum at BH 8.8. The rate constant was increased at lower and higher pH regions than the optimum pH. The inactivation reaction followed the Arrehnius law and the activation energy was measured as 36.8kcal/mole. The reaction rate was not affected by the enzyme concentration and thus it was assumed to be unimolecular first order reaction. The water extract of red ginseng decreased the rate constant of Malate dehydrogenate under heat inactivation condition to stabilize the enzyme activity. Purified ginseng saponin also stabilized the enzyme against heat inactivation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.502-513
• /
• 2016

In this study, heavy metal distributions in the tissues of feral pigeon (Columba livia) were characterized using samples collected from bio-monitoring sites (Hangang Park and Hampyeong Park) of the NESB (National Environmental Specimen Bank), Korea, in order to evaluate the feasibility of feral pigeons as an indicator for the environmental monitoring. Cadmium (Cd) was analyzed to be accumulated in kidneys at higher concentration than in the other tissues. Such trend can also be found in the reviews on the Cd accumulations of the 34 cases including 17 avian species which showed that 31 cases had the highest Cd concentrations in the kidney among tissues. However, lead (Pb) was found to be richest in the bones in this study. 17 cases out of 30 reviewed cases had the highest Pb concentration in bones, whereas other 10 cases showed the highest concentration in kidneys, and 3 cases in livers. Therefore, kidneys together with bones can be a main target organ to test cadmium exposure to different habitat environments depending on physiological traits of birds. Zinc (Zn) was found to be the highest concentration in the pigeon livers of Hangang Park, but not in the bones. In contrast, the 13 cases of 16 reviewed cases had the highest Zn concentration in bones, and the 3 cases in livers. In addition, the heavy metal distribution patterns in relations to the metal accumulation mechanisms (a competition between Pb and Ca, a function of methallothionein protein, and etc.) were discussed.