• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.483-495
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• 2010

The passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) was a species of pigeon that was once the most common bird in North America. According to some ornithologists, the number of passenger pigeons is estimated as many as five to six billions at the time when the first Europeans arrived there. But this species became extinct in 1914. There were a multiplicity of causes in the extinction; first, the extension of telegraph lines and railroads into the Middle West of the USA beginning in 1850s, second, the loss of vast feeding, nesting, and roosting sites of the passenger pigeon due to the massive deforestation, third, the rapid population growth of the USA during nineteen century, fourth, the commercial exploitation of the species, and finally, the infirm and weak protective efforts. Some important lessons can be learned from the extinction of the passenger pigeon. First, it shows how much critical the public interest is for a successful conservational movement. Second, it illustrates the need for strong laws and practices in the protection of an endangered species from going extinct. Third, the fate of the passenger pigeon proves a very important principle in conservational biology. That is, for each species (bird or other animal) there is a minimum population to sustain the species. Ecologists generally believe that the extinction of the passenger pigeon was due to the loss of their numbers below the minimum owing to overexploitation.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.469-472
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• 2005

Seventy-two pigeon dropping samples were collected from 26 different localities in Seoul and investigated for the occurrence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Seventeen samples from 8 different localities were found to be positive for C. neoformans. All isolates were obtained from withered pigeon droppings. Identification and serotyping of the isolates were determined by means of serological testing and DNA fingerprinting. All isolates belonged to C. neoformans var. grubbi (serotype A).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.549-558
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• 1992

The study on the potential use of pigeon pea (PP) as a ruminant feed was carried out with sheep in 3 experiments. Digestibility of dry pigeon pea leaves (PPL) and pigeon pea seeds (PPS) determined by differential and regression methods respectively, with rice straw (RS) as a basal diet, revealed that PPS contained higher nutritive value and palatability than PPL. On dry matter (DM) basis, PPL and PPS contained 19.8 and 20.0% CP, 7.3 and 2.3% EE, 6.0 and 4.4% ash, 61.1 and 51.7% NDF, and 29.4 and 17.5% ADF, respectively. The trypsin inhibitor activity in the seed was 3 times of that in the leaves (19.5 vs 7.0 mg TIA/g DM). The digestibility of PPL and PPS were 50.2 and 72.2% in DM, 52.7 and 73.3% in OM, 51.0 and 65.1% in CP respectively. DM intake as well as the digestibility of most nutrients increased with the increasing level of PPS. Digestible energy (DE), Total digestible nutrient (TDN) and N-balance of sheep fed solely PPS, estimated by regression method, was 3.2 kcal/g, 71.1% and 6.3 g/d respectively. Pigeon pea seeds can be well used to substitute soybean meal in concentrate rations for ruminants or directly supplemented to low quality roughages.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.162-165
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• 2003

Three hundred and sixty five samples of avian droppings, collected from parks and zoo, were investigated for the occurrence of Cryptococcus neoformans in Korea. Thirteen samples were positive for C. neoformans. All isolates were obtained from withered pigeon droppings. Identification and serotyping of isolates were determined by means of serological test and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) fingerprinting. All isolates belonged to C. neoformans var. grubbi(serotype A).

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.147-148
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• 2009

In this paper, we describe a telemetry stimulation system that controls animal-robots. In our system, we send the main control command from PC to the controller embedded in the pigeon based animal-robots. Once the controller receives the control signal, it makes biphasic stimulation pulses to medial forebrain bundle neurons to control the pigeon behavior as we want. We design the embedded controller using CUBLOC, which is lightweight for attaching on the pigeon.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2000

The testis is an extremely heterogeneous organ, containing numerous compartments types. Morphometric studies were performed of 3 avian species (pigeon, pheasant and chicken) to determine volume density absolute volume, numerical density, total number of serminiferous tubule components, and sperm production, especially those related to the Sertoli cell, and to make comparisons among the species. Volume density of seminiferous tubule components per testis was determined by point counting method. Testis volume and sperm production were measured by routine techniques. Numerical density (the number of cells per unit volume of testis) of seminiferous tubule components per testis was determined by morphometry (Floderus method). The volume density of seminiferous tubules per testis was 91.58, 92.18 and 94.21% in pigeon, pheasant, and chicken, respectively. The volume density of spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoon, and Sertoli cell did not produce significant changes in the three species. The absolute volume of spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, and Sertoli cell showed significant changes in the three species (p<0.05). The average volume of Sertoli cell ranged from 758.34(pheasant) to 1,212.9 ㎛$^3$(chicken) and was not significantoy different in the three species(p>0.05). The number of Sertoli cells per testis showed significant differences in the three species : 34.52 $\times$10(sup)6, 186.82$\times$10(sup)6, 810.62$\times$10(sup)6 in pigeon, pheasant, and chicken, respectively(p<0.05). The sperm production was significantly different in the three species : 3,018$\times$10(sup)6, 993.9$\times$10(sup)6, and 8.9$\times$10(sup)6 in chicken, pheasant, and pigeon, respectively(p<0.05). These results suggest that number of Sertoli cells may be more important than Sertoli cell size in explaining the difference in sperm production among the three species.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2017

Purpose: High energy requirement and long cooking time are limiting consumption of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), a nutritious food. This study was performed to estimate energy and time demand by different methods of cooking pigeon pea. Methods: Pigeon pea (150 g) was soaked in 2.0 L of water at ambient temperature ($29{\pm} 2^{\circ}C$) to determine hydration behavior. Cooking experiments were conducted using aluminum and pressure-cooking pots. Efficiency of cooking was evaluated using four types of cooking appliances (kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), electric, and charcoal stoves). Normal (continuous heating until the food was satisfactorily cooked) and control (controlling the energy input to closely match the actual energy required) cooking were conducted. Energy requirement and duration of cooking were determined using standard procedures. Results: Soaking increased moisture content from 11.99 to 30.01% in 90 min, while water absorption rate decreased with soaking duration. In cooking 150 g of pigeon pea using kerosene stove, presoaked normal pressure-pot cooking method consumed the least energy (10 800 kJ) and time (205 min), while unsoaked normal cooking consumed the highest energy (18 450 kJ) and time (336 min). Using LPG stove, unsoaked normal cooking method required the highest energy (52 470 kJ), while presoaked control pressure-pot required the least energy (14 405 kJ). For electric stove, the lowest energy (15 560 kJ) and shortest duration (105 min) were recorded during control cooking of presoaked sample in the pressure-pot. Conclusions: Control cooking was not practicable using charcoal stove. Generally, kerosene stove consumed the least energy, while electric stove was found to have the shortest duration of cooking.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.99-121
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• 2004

본 사례에서는 섬유유연제 시장의 장수·파워 브랜드인 피죤이 지난 25년간 수행해 온 마케팅 및 브랜드관리 활동들을 Keller가 제시한 고객기반 브랜드 자산 프레임워크(customer-based brand equity framework)를 바탕으로 현대적인 관점에서 조망해 보고자 하였다. 본 연구결과에 의하면, 첫째, 피죤은 브랜드 체계(브랜드 비젼 - 브랜드 미션 - 브랜드 아이덴터티)의 구축과 브랜드 요소(브랜드 이름과 로고)의 선정, 이를 전달하고 실현하기 위한 구체적인 마케팅활동을 일관적이고 보완적으로 계획하고 실행한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 피죤은 끊임없는 연구개발 노력과 세밀한 고객욕구분석의 결합을 통하여 고객들에게 최고의 품질과 탁월한 가치를 지닌 제품들을 지속적으로 제공할 수 있었다. 셋째, 피죤은 전략수립과 실행에 있어서 조사와 분석에 기반을 둔 과학적인 접근법과 경험과 직관을 바탕으로 하는 예술적인 접근법을 조화롭게 사용하여 왔다. 넷째, 최고경영자의 파워리더십과 인재에 대한 교육과 투자 역시 피죤의 성공에 중요한 기여를 한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1969

붕어, 비둘기, 흰쥐의 肝組織內의 蛋白質含量과 蛋白質代謝에 관하여는 GDH, GOT 및 GPT의 活性과 比較活性, 그리고 GDH 同位酵素를 測定하였다. 1. 蛋白質含量은 흰쥐, 비둘기가 各各 22.0$\pm$0.01mg/ml 및 22.0$\pm$0.16으로서 거의 같은 量의 蛋白質含量으로 組成되었으나 붕어의 肝臟組織內 蛋白質含量은 約 60%에 該當하는 13.0$\pm$0.09이었다(p < 0.01). 2. Glutamic transaminase는 흰쥐, 비둘기, 붕어의 순위로 그 活性度가 낮았다. 卽 GPT의 比較活性은 各各 3.77$\pm$0.18 unit/mg, 1.93$\pm$0.01 및 0.71$\pm$0.07 이었으며 GOT는 8.23$\pm$0.06 unit/mg, 3.95$\pm$0.09 및 0.92$\pm$0.01이었다(p < 0.01). 3. GOT/GDT 比는 흰쥐, 비둘기, 붕어에서 各各 0.20$\pm$0.004, 0.22$\pm$0.005 및 0.20$\pm$0.002로서 별 차이 없었다. 4. GDH 比較活性은 비둘기가 가장 높은 35.7$\pm$0.81 unit/mg이고 붕어는 9.6$\pm$0.16, 흰쥐는 20.5$\pm$0.81이었다. 5. Glutamic transaminase 와 GDH 比較活性이 動物의 種類에 따라 병행하였으며 特히 進化過程과 一致되는 것으로 思料된다. 6. GDH 同位酵素의 樣相은 種特異性이 뚜렷하였다. 흰쥐에서는 음극이 遲延性易動度區劃의 活性이 가장 높았으나, 비둘기에서는 兩極性區劃의 活性이 가장 높았다. 特히 魚類에서는 陰極性區劃이 全然 發見되지 않았으나 兩極性에 4個의 區劃을 볼수 있었다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 전통 원림에서 행해진 비둘기 애호 문화를 살펴보고, 전통 원림의 동물 소재로서 비둘기의 면모를 조명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 비둘기의 종류와 명칭을 파악하고, 쓰임과 상징적 의미를 분석하여 비둘기에 대한 인식을 파악하였다. 비둘기를 통한 원림 향유 문화를 살펴보기 위해 한국고전종합DB와 한국사데이터베이스에서 '비둘기'로 검색하여 도출된 고문헌의 번역본을 대상으로 내용 분석하였으며 옛 그림을 참고하였다. 비둘기는 귀소성이 있는 새로서 전서구(傳書鳩)로 이용되었으며, 약용, 식용으로도 쓰였다. 비둘기는 다양한 상징적 의미가 있는데, 풍요(豐饒)와 환우(喚雨)를 의미하였으며, 장수를 상징하였다. 고려 시대부터 조선 전기까지 궁원(宮苑)과 사가 원림에서 비둘기를 길러왔으며, 조선 후기에는 관상용 비둘기의 애완문화가 일시적으로 유행하였다. 비둘기는 원림을 풍부하게 향유하게 하는 공감각적 소재였다. 가지각색의 아름다운 비둘기는 움직이는 조경 소재로서 원림의 가변적 경관을 창출했다. 비둘기의 움직임에 따라 다르게 나타나는 방울 소리는 경관의 청각적 체험을 풍부하게 유도했다. 비둘기 집은 비둘기와 더불어 원림을 풍부하게 하는 완상 요소였다. 원림 조영자는 비둘기 집을 만들고 원림에 배치하는 행위를 통해 원림 조영에 적극적으로 관여했다. 또한 문인들은 봄을 상징하는 수목이자 비둘기의 먹이 제공원으로서 매실나무, 복숭아나무, 살구나무, 산사나무 등과 더불어 부귀와 은일을 상징하는 모란과 국화를 식재하여 비둘기와 함께 향유했으며, 이를 시와 그림으로 표현하였다. 본 연구는 전통 원림의 공감각적 소재로서 비둘기에 주목하여 전통 원림 문화를 이해하고자 하였다. 동물 요소로서 원림에 도입된 비둘기의 완상 요소와 조영자의 향유 행태에 대한 조경사적 컨텐츠를 제공한다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 번역문을 분석 대상으로 삼았다는 한계를 가지며, 향후 원림에서 비둘기를 기른 구체적 사례와 근현대 시기 조경 공간에서의 비둘기 기르기에 대한 후속 연구가 촉구된다.